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"Pendahuluan: Malaria, terutama jenis falciparum, seringkali menyebabkan komplikasi ke berbagai organ sehingga berujung pada kematian. Salah satu gejala klinis adalah perbesaran limpa. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol sambiloto (EES) terhadap perbesaran limpa pada mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei.Metode: Mencit jantan galur Balb/c dengan berat 28-30, 7-8 minggu. Mencit dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak, tiap kelompok dibagi menjadi 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok K: kontrol. Kelompok I: kontrol negatif. Kelompok perlakuan (II dan III) mendapat EES dengan dosis 2 mg/kgBB dan klorokuin 10 mg/kgBB per hari secara oral selama 7 hari. Kemudian diukur efek EES terhadap berat limpa mencit.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada kelompok kontrol negatif, terlihat perbesaran limpa yang berbeda bermakna dibanding kelompok kontrol (K), yaitu 198.68 mg ±23.24 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p<0.05). Pada pemberian EES 2 mg/kgBB terlihat penurunan besar limpa, tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol negatif, yaitu 465.96 mg ±112.10 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p>0.05). Pemberian klorokuin menurunkan berat limpa secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol negatif 305.26 mg ±36.18 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p≤0.05).Kesimpulan: Pemberian EES 2 mg/kgBB menurunkan berat limpa mencit dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif, tetapi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Pemberian klorokuin menurunkan berat limpa mencit secara bermakna.

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Preface: Malaria, especially malaria falciparum, often causes complication to several organs that leads to mortality. One of the clinical sign is spleen enlargement or splenomegaly. The aim of this research is to find the effect of extract ethanol sambiloto (ekstrak etanol sambiloto/EES) on the spleen enlargement of mice that infected with Plasmodium berghei.

Methods: Male mice Balb/c strain weight 28-30, 7-8 weeks old. Mice are randomly divided into 4 groups, each groups contains 5 mice. Group K: control. Group I: control negative. Group II and III, which each got treatment with EES 2mg/kgW and chloroquine 10 mg/kgW per oral for 7 days . After that, we measure the effect of EES on mice’s spleen size.

Result: The result of this research shows that control negative group is significantly different from the control group 198.68 mg ±23.24 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p<0.05). The group which treated with EES 2 mg/kgW shows decreased spleen size, but show insignificant difference from control negative 465.96 mg ±112.10 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p>0.05). The group which treated with chloroquine shows decreased spleen size that significantly different from control negative 305.26 mg ±36.18 vs 640.98 mg ±268.57 (p≤0.05).

Conclusion: EES 2 mg/kgW treatment can decrease spleen size compare to control negative, but statistically insignificant. Chloroquine treatment can decrease spleen size significantly, clinically and statistically. "

"Apexification is a procedure well recognized and accepted by clinicians and researchers alike. Apexification is an endodontic treatment that intends to stimulate of apex formation. One material in dentistry is calcium hydroxide that is most commonly used to induce an apical hard tissue barrier. Because of the capacity to promote enviromental condition for tissue repair, calcium hydroxide can be used in the management of most endodontic problem, such as pulp capping, pulpotomy, root canal treatment, apexification and various endodontic situations. Due to its high alkalinity is has an antibacterial effect, promotes mineralization, induces healing, and initiates hard tissue formation. Although there have been many reports on the subject, the mechanisms of action are still unknown."

"Dilakukan studi Kohort retrospektif untuk menilai pengaruh kelebihan cairan pasca operasi terhadap hasil akhir penatalaksanaan trauma dengan syok hemoragik di RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data diperoleh dari rekam medik 42 penderita yang terbagi menjadi kelompok I (24 penderita) menerima cairan ~ 10.000 cc dan kelompok II (18 penderita) yang menerima cairan < 10.000 cc selama 24 jam I. Dari seluruh penderita, 18 penderita diantaranya meninggal dunia dan kelompok I mempunyai risiko kematian 6 kali lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok II dan perbedaan diantara keduanya bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,05). Timbulnya 2 atau 3 dari kematian (koagulopati, asidosis metabolik dan hipotermi) meningkatkan risiko kematian 28 kali lebih tinggi dan hubungannya bermakna (p < 0,001). Mereka yang hidup dan menerima cairan ~ 10.000 cc mempunyai lama rawat lebih panjang dibandingkan mereka yang menerima cairan <10.000 cc (P<0,05). Resusitasi cairan masih meningkatkan risiko kematian dan lama perawatan lebih panjang dan risiko kematian terutama dihubungkan dengan ditemukannya 2 atau 3 dari trias kematian. Diperlukan pemahaman kompleksitas respon tubuh yang terjadi pasca trauma dan syok hemoragik sehingga dapat melakukan resusitasi yang benar diikuti monitoring yang ketat untuk menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas penatalaksanaan trauma dengan syok hemoragik.

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A retrospective cohort study was conducted! to assess the effect of postoperative excess fluid on the final outcome of trauma management with hemorrhagic shock at RSUPN- Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data was obtained from the medical records of 42 patients who were divided into group I (24 patients) receiving ~ 10,000 cc of fluid and group II (18 patients) who received 10,000 cc < liquid for 24 hours I. Of all the patients, 18 of them died and group I was at risk mortality was 6 times higher than group II and the difference between the two was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The occurrence of 2 or 3 of mortality (coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis and hypothermy) increased the risk of death 28 times higher and the association was significant (p < 0.001). Those who lived and received ~10,000 cc of fluid had a longer treatment time than those who received < 10,000 cc (P <0.05). Fluid resuscitation still increases the risk of death and length of treatment longer and the risk of death is mainly associated with the discovery of 2 or 3 of the triad of death. Understanding is required the complexity of the body's response that occurs after trauma and hemorrhagic shock so that it can perform correct resuscitation followed by strict monitoring to reduce morbidity and mortality in the management of trauma with hemorrhagic shock."

"1. Trauma laringotrakea adalah trauma yang dibatasi pada daerah laring, trakea bagian cervikal, dan esofagus.2. Penderita terbanyak adalah laki-laki dewasa usia produktif. Diagnosis relatif mudah ditegakkan, sehingga klassifkasi menurut Fuhrman dkk tidak dipakai di Sub.Bag.Bedah Torak FKUI RSCM.3. Pemeriksaan CT scan atau triple endoskopi ( laringoskopi, bronkoskopi, esofagoskopi ) untuk akurasi diagnosis dan mencegah ekstended eksplorasi.4. Cedera esophagus lebih sering dijumpai pada trauma tembus tajam dengan cedera laringotrakea lebih dari setengah Iingkaran.5. Angka morbiditas dan mortalitas tergantung pada kecepatan diagnosis dan penatalaksanaannya."

"On of the important factor that supported success of root canal treatment is fielling the rool canal system hermetically. Necrosis of young permanent tooth pose a difficulty in root canal treatment andinduction of the apical area to build an apical stop should be conducted. Apical constriction is necessary to fiel the root canal and Calcium Hydrokside is use for this measure, so that the fielling material will not exied beyond the root canal system. A case of success treatment of Traumatized tooth was reported using Calcium Hydrokside."

"This book addresses all areas of trauma and emergency surgery with a list of key points at the end of each chapter."