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"Practical ADHD management techniques for parents and teachers The ADHD Book of Lists is a comprehensive guide to ADHD/ADD, providing the answers parents, teachers, and other caregivers seek in a convenient list format. This new second edition has been updated with the latest research findings and resources, including the most up to date tools and strategies for helping these children succeed. Each aspect of ADHD/ADD is fully explained, from diagnosis to intervention, providing readers with the insight they need to make the best choices for the affected child. Coverage includes the latest medications and behavioral management techniques that work inside and outside the classroom, plus guidance toward alleviating individual struggles including inattention, impulsivity, executive function and subject-specific academic issues. Readers learn how to create a collaborative care team by bringing parents, teachers, doctors, therapists, and counselors on board to build a comprehensive management plan, as well as the practical techniques they can use every day to provide these children the support they need to be their very best. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder cannot be cured, but it can be managed successfully. This book is an insightful guide to supporting children and teens with ADHD, and giving them the mental, emotional, and practical tools that boost their confidence and abilities and enable them to thrive. The ADHD Book of Lists is the complete easy-to-reference guide to practical ADHD management and will be a go-to resource for parents, teachers, clinicians, and others involved in the care and education of students with ADHD. "

"Guru Sekolah Dasar berperan sangat penting untuk mendeteksi anak dengan GPPH, oleh karena mereka berhubungan langsung dengan anak didik di dalam kelas dan sekolah pada umumnya. Dengan demikian guru Sekolah Dasar seyogyanya memiliki pengetahuan/pemahaman, persepsi, dan sikap terhadap GPPH yang baik agar bisa melakukan deteksi dini kasus tersebut di antara anak didiknya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran tingkat pengetahuan/pemahaman, persepsi, dan sikap terhadap GPPH pada guru Sekolah Dasar di Jakarta serta hubungannya dengan lama pengalaman mengajar di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan rancang potong lintang. Pengetahuan, pemahaman, persepsi, dan sikap terhadap GPPH diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibuat khusus untuk penelitian ini, dan terbukti sah dan handal berdasarkan uji validasi dan reliabilitas dengan Cronbach alpha sebesar 0.873 dan Pearson’s r > 0.25. Kuesioner tersebut disebarkan pada 422 guru Sekolah Dasar di Jakarta yang berasal dari 21 sekolah, kemudian dengan uji acak sederhana didapatkan 384 subjek penelitian. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan program SPSS 20th untuk Mac. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan/pemahaman yang sangat rendah (58.9%), tingkat persepsi yang rendah (56.5%), dan tingkat sikap yang cukup (60.7%). Lama mengajar berhubungan secara signifikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan/pemahaman terhadap GPPH. Dengan demikian, diperlukan peningkatan pengetahuan/pemahaman, persepsi, dan sikap terhadap GPPH pada guru Sekolah Dasar melalui program edukasi yang tepat dan pelatihan keterampilan dalam deteksi dini GPPH.

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Elementary School Teachers play a very important detecting children with ADHD, because they deal with students directly in the classroom and in the school generally. Thus elementary school teachers should have a good knowledge/understanding, perception, and attitude towards ADHD so that they can make early detection among their students. The aim of this study is to get an overview about the level of knowledge/understanding, perception, and attitude towards ADHD among elementary school teacher in Jakarta and its relationship with teaching experience in elementary schools. This study uses cross-sectional design. Knowledge, understanding, perception, and attitude towards ADHD are identified using a questionnaire created specifically for this research, and proven valid and reliable based on validation and reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.873 and Pearson's r > 0.25. The questionnaires were distributed to 422 elementary school teachers in Jakarta from 21 schools, then with simple random sampling, 384 research subjects were found. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20th for Mac. The results showed the level of knowledge/understanding is very poor (58.9%), poor level perception (56.5%), and moderate level of attitude (60.7%). Teaching experience is significantly related with the level of knowledge/understanding towards ADHD. Thus, it is necessary to increase the knowledge/understanding, perception, and attitude towards ADHD among elementary school teachers through appropriate educational programs and workshops about early detection of ADHD."

"Latar belakang: Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktif (GPPH) adalah gangguan neurobehavioral yang ditandai dengan gejala kurangnya perhatian, sifat hiperaktif, dan impulsif. GPPH dikenal sebagai kelainan psikiatri yang paling sering dideraita oleh anak-anak. GPPH dapat berlanjut menjadi gangguan lain dan dapat juga mengganggu perkembangan anak. Dikarenakna alas an yang telah tersebut, mengetahui apa saja factor pendukung dan hubungannya terhadap prevalensi ADHD menjadi penting. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penilitan cross sectional yang dilakukan di tiga sekolah dasar di Jakarta. Data didapat melalui kuisioner yang diberikan pada subyek dan orang tua subyek. Kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS 19 dan metode chi-square dan fischer test. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil studi analisis deteksi dini didapatkan 69,6% anak dengan GPPH. Terdapat 4 faktor yang telah teranalisa dan hanya ayah merokok yang memberikan hasil yang signifikan(p=0,029). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara ayah merokok dengan anak GPPH dan prevalensi GPPH di Jakarta cukup tinggi(69,6%).

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) define as disorder of neurobehaviour which has symptom of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. This disorder is renown as the most psychiatric problem for children. ADHD can lead to several disturbances that will affect growth development. For all the reason that have been stated, it is necessary to understand the contributing factors of ADHD and the relationship with its prevalence as well.

Method: The study uses cross sectional design and it is conducted in three elementary schools in Jakarta. The data was obtained by a questionnaire with some and give n to subjects and parent subjects. Then the data will be analysed using SPSS 19 with several test like chi-square and fischer test.

Results: Based on the analysis of early detection, it is found that 69,6% of all children have ADHD. There are 4 factors that have been analysed but only paternal smoking that give significant result(p= 0,029).

Conclusion: There is relationship between paternal smoking with ADHD patient and prevalence of ADHD in Jakarta is quite high(69,6%)."

"Gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) adalah gangguan perkembangan saraf yang dapat diidentifikasikan dengan tingkat hiperaktif, impulsivitas dan gangguan permusatan perhatian yang abnormal. Hal tersebut dapat berdampak buruk pada perilaku, emosi, kognitif, akademik, fungsi okupasi, dan fungsi sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari hubungan antara GPPH dengan prestasi akademik, absen, dan faktor-faktor risiko terhadap GPPH. Subjek penelitian anak sekolah dasar negeri yang berada di SDN Menteng 01. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross-sectional yang menggunakan kuesioner Conners’ 10 Item Scale yang di bagikan kepada orang tua anak. Terdapat 215 anak (99 laki-laki dan 116 perempuan) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Terdapat 35 subjek yang dicurigai terdapat GPPH. ADHD memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik (p = 0.020), namun tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap absen (p = 0.801). Pendapatan keluarga (p = 0.005) dan pendidikan orang tua (0.000) juga mempunyai hubungan signifikan terhadap GPPH pada anak. Umur anak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik dan absen anak. Terakhir, prestasi akademik memiliki hubungan positif berbanding lurus yang signifikan terhadap absen. GPPH memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik dan juga memiliki rasio jenis kelamin 2:1 (laki-laki:perempuan).

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Attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can be identified with abnormal levels of hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentivity, that can negatively affect behavior, emotions, cognitive ability, academic achievement, and occupational and social function. Studies have been done where risk factors such as socioeconomic and parent educational background has an effect on the occurence of ADHD in children. There has also been studies that have found correlation between ADHD and its adverse effects on academic achievement and absenteeism. Studies regarding this matter in Indonesia is still considered limited. Therefore, the aim of this study to explore the correlation between ADHD and its correlation with children’s academic achievement and absenteeism, and how its risk factors correlate with ADHD.

Subjects include primary public school students in SDN Menteng 01 Jakarta. This study is a cross-sectional study which utilises a questionnaires (Conners’ 10-item scale for ADHD screening) that was distributed to parents. There were 215 (99 males and 116 females) subjects which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty five subjects were suspected for ADHD. ADHD had significant negative correlation to academic score (p = 0.020) but is not significant when correlated to absenteeism (p = 0.801). Family income (p = 0.005) and parent education background (p = 0.000) are also significant to ADHD. Age is significantly correlated to academic achievement and absenteeism. Conclusions. There is significant positive correlation between absence and academic achievement. To conclude, ADHD is significantly correlated with academic achievement, with a gender ratio of approxiamtely 2:1."

"Prevalensi anak dengan GPPH mencapai 10,12% dari total populasi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara bedtime routine dan gangguan tidur pada anak dengan GPPH, identifikasi bedtime routine tidur pada anak dengan GPPH, serta gangguan tidur yang mereka alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September – Desember 2024 secara daring menggunakan teknik purposif sampling dengan mengisi kuesioner dalam bentuk Google form yang disebarluaskan melalui media sosial dan di beberapa sekolah luar biasa (SLB). Responden dalam penelitian adalah orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan GPPH usia 4 – 10 tahun (n = 83). Mayoritas anak pada penelitian ini adalah laki – laki (67,5%), berusia prasekolah (50,6%), dan mengikuti terapi GPPH (69,9%). Didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara bedtime routine dan gangguan tidur pada anak GPPH (ρ = -0,332; p = 0,002).

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The prevalence of children with ADHD is 10.12% of the total population. This study aims to analyze the relationship between bedtime routines and sleep disorders in children with ADHD, identify bedtime routines in children with ADHD, and identify the sleep disorders they experience. The research was conducted from September to December 2024 online using purposive sampling. Data collection involved questionnaires distributed via Google Forms through social media and at several special education schools. Respondents were parents of children with ADHD aged 4–10 years (n = 83). The majority of children in this study were male (67.5%), preschool-aged (50.6%), and undergoing ADHD therapy (69.9%). A significant relationship was found between bedtime routines and sleep disorders in children with ADHD (ρ = -0.332; p = 0.002)."

"Latar Belakang : Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) merupakangangguan psikiatrik paling sering dijumpai pada anak, dengan prevalensi 26,2 % di Jakarta.Berbagai penelitian menyatakan patofisiologi GPPH terkait dengan aktivitas dopaminergik,yang diduga dipengaruhi oleh serum feritin.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan kadar feritin dengan gejala klinis GPPH serta mengetahuiadakah perbedaan kadar feritin pada anak GPPH dan bukan GPPHMetode: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang, membandingkan 47 anak GPPH dan 47anak sehat sebagai kontrol yang berusia 7-12 tahun (rerata usia 9,09± 1,29). Uji korelasiSpearman digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar feritin dengan gejala klinis GPPH.Pemeriksaan serum feritin menggunakan metode Electrochemiluminescent ImmunoAssay(ECLIA). Diagnosis GPPH ditegakkan dengan MINI KID sedangkan gejala klinis GPPHdinilai berdasarkan SPPAHI.Hasil : Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kadar feritin dengan gejala klinis GPPH,koefisien korelasi 0,108 (p>0,05). Rerata kadar feritin anak GPPH adalah 38,7 ng/mL(median), yang tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol (median 28 ng/mL).Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, tidak terbukti adanya hubungan antara feritin dengan gejalaklinis GPPH. Masih diperlukan studi lebih lanjut untuk melihat peran feritin melalui dopaminpada GPPH.

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Background : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common

psychiatric disorder in children with prevalence of 26,2% in Jakarta. Various studies have

acknowledged the pathophysiology of ADHD in relation to dopaminergic activity possibly

influenced by serum ferritin

Objectives: To find relationship between ferritin level with clinical symptomsof ADHD, and

to identify any difference in ferritin level in children with and without ADHD.

Methods: This study is cross sectional by design, comparing 47 ADHD children and 47

healthy controls aged 7-12 years old (mean age 9.09 ± 1,29). Spearman test was performed to

find correlation between ferritin level and clinical symptoms of ADHD. Serum ferritin was

examined using Electrochemiluminescent ImmunoAssay (ECLIA) method. ADHD was

diagnosed by MINI KID while clinical symptoms of ADHD were assessed with SPPAHI.

Results : No signification correlation was found between ferritin level and clinical symptoms

of ADHD, coefficient correlation 0,108 (p> 0,05). Mean ferritin level of ADHD children was

38,7 ng/mL (median) and was not significant in comparison to control group (median 28

ng/mL)

Conclusions: In this study, ferritin has been found to have no correlation with clinical

symptoms of ADHD. Further study needs to be performed to identity ferritin role through

dopamine in ADHD"

"Latar Belakang: Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) merupakan salah satu gangguan jiwa pada anak, dengan tiga gejala utama yaitu kesulitan memusatkan perhatian, hiperaktivitas dan impulsivitas. Hingga saat ini, belum dapat disimpulkan penyebab pasti terjadinya GPPH, namun dari berbagai penelitian menunjukkan berkaitan dengan nutrisi yaitu adanya defisiensi seng. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan rerata antara kadar seng dalam serum pada anak dengan GPPH dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol anak sehat, serta mengetahui hubungan antara rerata kadar seng dalam serum dengan gejala klinis pada anak dengan GPPH. Metodologi: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang. Kontrol adalah anak sehat. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN 01 Pagi KampungMelayu, Jakarta Timur, pada bulan Mei – Juni 2013. Jumlah sampel yang dibutuhkan pada masing-masing kelompok yaitu anak dengan GPPH dibandingkan dengan anak sehat, sebesar 42. Hasil: Didapatkan rerata kadar seng dalam serum untuk kelompok anak GPPH sebesar 52,50 µg/L dan kadar seng dalam serum untuk kelompok anak sehat sebesar 51,50 µg/L. Tidak ada perbedaan rerata yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara kadar seng dalam darah dengan gejala klinis GPPH. Simpulan: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar seng dalam darah pada kelompok anak GPPH dibandingkan anak yang sehat, dan tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna kadar seng dalam darah pada anak GPPH dengan gejala klinis GPPH.

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Background: ADHD is a disorder commonly met at children with attention deficiency, hyperactivity, and impulsivity as prominent symptoms. Up until now, the definite causal of ADHD remains unclear, but some studies showed its correlation to zinc deficiency.

Objective: This study aimed to acknowledge the discrepancy between serum zinc level mean of ADHD children group and healthy children control group and the correlation between serum zinc level and clinical symptoms on ADHD children.

Methods: The study designed used cross sectional with control is healthy children. The study was conducted at SDN 01 Pagi Kampung Melayu, East Jakarta, Mei - June 2013. The number needed for each sample group was 42.

Result: The result showed serum zinc level mean was 52,50 µg/L in ADHD children group and 51,50 µg/L in healthy children group. There is no significant difference between them. There is no significant difference between serum zinc level mean and ADHD clinical symptoms.

Conclusion: There is no significant difference between serum zinc level mean in ADHD children group and healthy children group, and there is no significant correlation between ADHD children serum zinc level and ADHD clinical symptoms."

"Latar Belakang: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) adalah gangguan neurodevelopmental pada anak dan remaja. Prevalensi ADHD di seluruh dunia pada usia 3-12 tahun, mencapai 7,6%, di Indonesia mencapai 15,8 % pada anak usia 3-18 tahun, dan sebesar 15,5% di Jakarta. ADHD adalah peringkat pertama penyebab anak dibawa ke psikolog di Indonesia, yang terkait dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif hingga menyebabkan terganggunya prestasi akademis dan kualitas hidup anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik gangguan kognitif pada anak ADHD di Indonesia dan hubungannya dengan faktor demografis. Metode: Penelitian ini memiliki desain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada anak SD usia 7-12 tahun dengan menggunakan metode total sampling pada populasi terjangkau. Hasil: Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari 34 anak dengan rata-rata usia subjek 9,68 (1,32) tahun, dengan 25 anak (73,5%) memiliki tipe inatensi. Delapan anak (23,5%) tipe kombinasi inatensi dan hiperaktivitas, dan 1 anak (2,9%) hiperaktif. Total skor rata-rata SYSTEMS-R yang diukur adalah 24,94 (8,21), 18 anak (52,9%) memiliki kemampuan kognitif normal, 16 anak (47,1%) defisit kognitif. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada domain atensi, kalkulasi, remote memory, bahasa, abstraksi dan visuospasial (p < 0,05) dengan abstraksi (91,2%), atensi (79,4%), kalkulasi (76,5%) dan bahasa (61,8%) adalah domain yang paling banyak memiliki angka di bawah rata-rata populasi umum. Faktor usia menunjukkan variasi signifikan (nilai p 0,024) berhubungan dengan skor total SYSTEMS-R pada anak ADHD. Tidak terdapat faktor demografis yang berhubungan secara statistik. Kesimpulan: Domain yang paling banyak memiliki nilai dibawah rata-rata populasi umum adalah domain atensi, domain yang termasuk dalam fungsi eksekutif yaitu abstraksi dan kalkulasi, Fungsi kognitif hanya berhubungan bermakna dengan faktor demografis usia dan subtipe ADHD.

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Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. The prevalence of ADHD worldwide in children aged 3-12 years 7.6%, while in Indonesia it reached 15.8%, and 15.5% in Jakarta. ADHD is the number one reason children are taken to psychologists in Indonesia, which is related to impaired cognitive function, causing disruption to children's academic performance and quality of life. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of cognitive disorders in ADHD children in Indonesia and their relationship with demographic factors. Method: This study had a cross-sectional design which was conducted on elementary school children aged 7-12 years using a total sampling method in an accessible population. Results: The subjects of this study consisted of 34 children with an average subject age of 9.68 (1.32) years, with 25 children (73.5%) having the inattention type. Eight children (23.5%) showed a combination of inattention and hyperactivity, and only 1 child (2.9%) as hyperactive. The total mean SYSTEMS-R score measured was 24.94 (8.21), 18 children (52.9%) has normal cognitive abilities, while 16 children (47.1%) has cognitive deficits. There is significant differences in attention, calculation, remote memory, language, abstraction dan visuospasial (p < 0,05) with the domains of abstraction (91.2%), attention (79.4%), calculation (76.5%) and language (61.8%) are the domains that have the most numbers below the general population average. The age factor is a demographic factor showing significant variation (p value 0.024) associated with the total SYSTEMS-R score in ADHD children. When associated with cognitive function deficits in ADHD children, there were no demographic factors that were statistically related. Conclusion: The domain that has the most scores below the general population average is the attention domain, a domain that is included in executive function, namely abstraction and calculation. as well as the language and visuospatial domains. Cognitive function was only significantly related to age in demographic factors and ADHD subtype."

"Fokus dari pelatihan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kuantitas perilaku menyelesaikan tugas, termasuk di dalamnya, menurunkan durasi perilaku tidak mengerjakan tugas. Penerapan metode ccrita sosial dan metodc contingency contract (dilcngkapi prompt) menghasilkan peningkatan kuantitas pada perilaku menyelcsaikan tugas, serta penurunan durasi perilaku tidak mengerjakan tugas. Akan tetapi, kualitas dari perubahan pcirlaku belum menunjukkan perbaikan. Hal tcrscbut disebabkan karena komik oerita sosial yang digunakan dalam intervensi belum secara detil menggambarkan perilaku yang diharapkan muncul. Selain itu, pemberian fading yang terlalu cepat juga menyebabkan konsistensi perubahan perilaku belum terlihat. Dari hasil obsewasi, diketahui juga bahwa pembahan perilaku tersebut, secara tidak langsung, dipengaruhi juga oleh faktor lingkungan seperti kehadiran guru dan situasi kelas. Akan tetapi, karena singkatnya sesi intervensi dan pemilihan waktu intervensi yang berdekatan dengan jadwal uiangan umum, konsistensi pelubahan perilaku belum terlihat. Oleh karena itu, beberapa saran yang dapat diberikan antara lain: 1) gambar berikut penjelasan pada komik cerita sosial sebaiknya dibuat lebih detil; 2) pemberian prompt dan fading sebaiknya lebih diperhatikan lagi; 3) sesi intervensi dibuat lebih banyak dengan jangka waktu yang lebih panjang; 4) perlu diperhalikan pemilihan waktu intervensi agar tidak berdekatan dengan jadwal ulangan umum; 5) kerjasama antara guru dan teman-tcman di kelas untuk menciptakan suasana kelas yang kondusif agar pelaksanaan intervensi lebih efektif.

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The focus of this training is to increasing the quantitiy of on-task behavior. including, decreasing the duration of off-task behavior. Result of this intervention, using social story method and contingency contract method (also using prompt method), indicated that the quantitiy of on-task behavior is increasing and the duration of ofiltask behavior is decreasing. However, the quality of the alteration of behavior has not improved yet. This is because the comic social story in this intervention has not describe the behavior that is expected, The prompts which have been faded too quickly also make the consistency ofthe behavior’s alteration has not been observed. The environments, such as teacher’s present and class-rooms’s situation, also influence the alteration of behavior.

Unfortunately, because the length ofthe session and the time of intervention wich is too short and too close to the end of school year, the consistency of the behavior’s alteration has not been appeared yet. Therefore, several suggestions should be provided to improve the future study: 1) picture in the comic social story should be made more detail; 2) the use of prompt and fading should be more improved; 3) the session of intervention should be madc in great quantities and in more length duration; 4) the intervention should be held in the middle of school year; 5) the cooperation of teacher and tiiends is needed to make the more supporting classroom environment. "