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"Latar belakang: Edukasi nutrisi dalam bentuk konseling merupakan bagian penting dalam manajemen obesitas anak. Asam Lemak Omega-3 (AL omega-3) merupakan salah satu nutrien esensial yang bermanfaat dalam penanganan obesitas terkait dengan kerjanya yang meningkatkan oksidasi lemak, menurunkan proses adipogenesis, dan memodulasi rasa lapar-kenyang. Sampai saat ini beluan ada rekomendasi nutrisi yang mengikutsertakan optimalisasi AL omega-3 dalam diet pada anak dengan berat badan berlebih dan obesitas. Linear programming merupakan metode untuk membuat rekomendasi makanan yang mempertimbangkan pula ketersediaan makanan, pola makan, dan juga harga makanan dalam proses pembuatannya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konseling diet optimalisasi AL omega-3 menggunakan linear programming terhadap kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma dibandingkan dengan konseling standar.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 39 anak berisiko overweight, overweight, dan obes usia 12-24 bulan di Jakarta Timur dengan disain uji klinis acak terkontrol.Hasil: Konseling diet optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 menyebabkan peningkatan asupan asam linolenat yang bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (278,011  435,56 vs -44,498  407,785, p=0,035). Tidak terdapat perbedaan perubahan bermakna pada kadar AL omega-3 plasma di antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol.Kesimpulan: Konseling diet optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 menggunakan linear programming tidak menimbulkan perubahan bermakna pada kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma, meskipun berhasil meningkatkan variasi bahan makanan sumber asam lemak omega-3.

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Background: Education in the form of counseling is an indespensable part of pediatric obesity management. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are beneficial essential nutrients in obesity management, given their effects on lipid homeostasis, specifically by increasing lipid catabolism, decreasing adipogenesis, and modulating appetite. Until now, there is no nutritional recommendation focusing on omega-3 PUFA for overweight and obese children. Linear programming is one method to generate specific nutritional recommendation that also considering the food affordability, availability, and food consumption pattern.

Objective: To investigate the differences of plasma omega-3 PUFA changes between group that received omega-3 PUFA optimized using linear programming dietary counseling and control group with standard counseling.

Method: This study is an open clinical trial with parallel design, 39 children aged 12-24 months with BMI Z score > +1 based on WHO growth curve were randomly assigned by block randomization with stratification into enhanced counseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming or general counseling group. Both counseling were conducted once weekly for 10 weeks. At baseline and endline, the following parameters were measured: fat intake, omega-3 intake, ratio of omega-6/omega-3 intake, eating behaviour, plasma concentration of omega-3, and plasma omega-6/omega-3 ratio.

Results: After the intervention, α-linolenic acid intake was significantly increased compared to control group (278,011  435,56 vs. -44,498  407,785, p=0,035). There were no significant differences in changes of plasma omega-3 FA between the intervention and control group.

Conclusion: Omega-3 FA optimized dietary counseling using linear programming was partially successful in improving thee variation of omega-3 FA food sources, however there were no significant changes in plasma omega-3 FA."

"Obesitas di usia dini dapat merugikan kesehatan anak sepanjang hidupnya secara permanen. Dewasa ini, asam lemak omega-3 diperkenalkan sebagai alternatif solusi obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh dari konseling asam lemak omega-3 selama 10 minggu terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, asupan, dan IMT/U. Penelitian ini membagi acak subjek; grup yang mendapat konseling dengan optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 disertai rekomendasi menu harian yang spesifik (Grup intervensi, n=18); dan yang mendapat konseling dan menu standar (Grup kontrol, n=20). Hasil menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan pada grup intervensi meningkat signifikan (p<.001). Dibutuhkan investigasi lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi ini terhadap keluaran lain yang diharapkan.

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Obesity in early life could result in permanent heath consequences. Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are beneficial in obesity management, but food-based nutrition education enhancing omega-3 FAs especially in children was lacking. We investigated the effect of 10-week enhanced counseling on caregivers knowledge, attitude, as well as children's intakes and body mass index-for-age (BAZ). Children were randomly assigned to receive; enhanced counseling with specific daily menu (intervention group, n=18), or standard counseling with general menu (control group, n=20). Intervention group significantly improved knowledge (p<.001). However, its effect on other outcomes may need further investigation."

"Latar belakang: Obesitas pada anak dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko berbagai masalah kesehatan. Rekomendasi kebutuhan anak yang digunakan saat ini adalah berdasarkan pedoman gizi seimbang Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Konseling dan optimasi diet menggunakan linear programming (LP) merupakan salah satu cara yang baik untuk pengaturan kebutuhan anak karena dapat memperhitungkan ketersediaan makanan lokal dan kebutuhan nutrisi anak. Omega-3 memiliki banyak manfaat salah satunya sebagai antiinflamasi, akan tetapi strukturnya membuatnya rentan terhadap terjadinya peroksidasi. Vitamin e merupakan antioksidan penting dalam menangkal oksidasi asam lemak.Objektif : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konseling optimasi asam lemak omega-3 dibandingkan dengan konseling standar sesuai rekomendasi DepkesRI terhadap kadar vitamin E serum pada anak prone obes.Metode : merupakan penelitian uji klinis dengan intervensi berupa edukasi nutrisi diet optimasi omega-3 pada anak usia 12-24bulan di kecamatan Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia. Kelompok intervensi (n=14) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (n=18). Edukasi nutrisi dengan bantuan flipchart dan menu optimasi disusun dengan LP, diberikan sekali seminggu dengan durasi 10 minggu.Hasil : Mayoritas asupan omega-3 dan vitamin E anak masih cukup, meskipun peranan susu pertumbuhan cukup tinggi. Terdapat peningkatan asupan omega-3 dan vitamin E serta penurunan konsumsi susu formula dengan pemberian LP, meskipun tidak berbeda bermakna. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dalam perubahan asupan nutrisi dan kadar vitamin E serum sebelum dan sesudah intervensi antar kedua kelompok (p = 0,52). Tidak terdapat perubahan perilaku pemberian makan antar dua kelompok (p>0,05), akan tetapi perilaku pemberian makan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna.Kesimpulan : Konseling diet optimasi omega-3 dapat memenuhi dan mempertahankan kebutuhan anak, akan tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan konseling standar.

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Background: Children obesity is associated with the increased risk of various health problems. Recommendations for children which are used today are based on balanced nutrition guidelines Indonesian Ministry of Health. Counseling and diet optimization using linear programming (LP) is a good way of managing a child's dietary needs due to its ability to calculate the availability of local food and the nutritional needs of each child. Omega-3 has many benefits, for example as anti-inflammatory and antiobesity, however its structure makes it vulnerable to peroxidation. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant in counteracting the oxidation of fatty acids.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary counseling on omega-3 fatty acids optimization towards the vitamin E serum level compared to standard counseling based on recommendations of Indonesian Ministry of Health on children who are prone to obese.

Design: A clinical trial which involves a series of nutrition education sessions targeted to optimize omega-3 diet on children aged 12-24 months in the Pulogadung district, East Jakarta, Indonesia. The intervention group (n = 14) is compared to controls (n = 18). A set of optimized menu, prepared using the LP, was administered and flipcharts were used as demonstration tools during the weekly session, within the period of 10 weeks.

Results: The majority of children show sufficient level of omega-3 and vitamin E intake despite the relatively high contribution of formula milk. There is an increased of omega-3 and vitamin E intakes, in addition to slight decrease in formula milk consumption as the result of the LP program. There were no significant differences in the change of nutrient intakes and the level of vitamin E in blood serum between the two groups, both before and after the intervention (p = 0.52). There is no change in child feeding behavior between the two groups (p> 0.05), whereas the behavior before and after the intervention had a significant difference.

Conclusion: Optimized omega-3 diet counseling could maintain and fulfill children?s needs of nutrient, but there is no significant difference if compared to standard counseling."