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"More than one million Americans suffer from fatal heart attacks and strokes each year. Hundreds of thousands more are stricken by blockages and other forms of the disease that cause severe damage, pain, and ultimately premature death. Heart disease can be prevented and even reversed. This essential resource presents a comprehensive overview of heart disease and outlines a complete, multifaceted approach to optimum cardiovascular health."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Meskipun manajemen gagal jantung (GJ) semakin maju, prognosis pasien tetap belum membaik. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya komorbid, terutama perburukan fungsi ginjal yang juga memainkan peran utama dalam patofisiologi GJ. Pada tahun 2015, Putri dkktelah mengembangkan sistim skor VKPP untuk memprediksi perburukan fungsi ginjal pada pasien dengan Gagal Jantung Dekompensasi Akut (GJDA), yang variabelnya terdiri atas jenis kelamin perempuan, Hb < 12,5 mg/dl, kreatinin awal > 2,5 mg/dl, riwayat hipertensi, dan usia > 75 tahun. Nilai diskriminasi sistim skor tersebut 0,682 (95% IK; 0,630 - 0,734). Sampai saat ini, belum ada validasi eksternal pada sistim skor VKPP tersebut, sehingga perlu dilakukan agar dapat diimplementasikan secara klinis.Tujuan : Melakukan validasi eksternal sistim skor Kardio-Renal VKPP pada pasien dengan GJDA yang menjalani rawat inap.Metode : Penelitian merupakan studi kohort retrospektif dengan metode validasi eksternal temporal yang dilakukan di Departemen Kardiologi dan Kedokteran Vaskular Universitas Indonesia/Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita, menggunakan data sekunder September 2015 hingga April 2016, yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Analisis data ditujukan untuk mendapatkan nilai kalibrasi dan diskriminasi.Hasil : Sampel akhir berjumlah 418, dengan kejadian perburukan fungsi ginjal sebesar 20,3%. Odds Ratio (OR) semua variabel sesuai dengan OR pada studi VKPP, kecuali variabel jenis kelamin perempuan yang justru tidak menjadi faktor risiko (OR 0,78; 95% IK 0,43-1,45).Setelah dilakukan penghitungan skor VKPP pada semua sampel studi, didapatkan nilai kalibrasi 0,594 dan diskriminasi/AUC sebesar 0,568 (95% IK; 0,502 - 0,634). Pada studi Validasi, kejadian perburukan fungsi ginjal pada kelompok risiko rendah, sedang, dan tinggi yang dihitung menggunakan skor VKPP berurutan sebesar 18,6%, 21,9%, dan 29,6%. Dengan demikian, hanya kelompok risiko rendah yang berada pada rentang probabilitas prediksi perburukan fungsi ginjal yakni 11-26% (pada risiko sedang dan tinggi sebesar 27-49,5% dan 50-80%).Kesimpulan : Sistim skor VKPP secara eksternal valid untuk memprediksi kelompok risiko rendah, namun masih perlu kajian lebih lanjut pada kelompok risiko sedang dan tinggi.

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ABSTRACT

Background : Although the management of Heart Failure (HF) has developed, prognosis of patients still not significantly improved. It is due to comorbidities, especially worsening kidney function, which also plays a major role in the pathophysiology of HF. In 2015, Putri et al have developed a scoring system (VKPP score) to predict worsening of renal function in patients with

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF), in which predictors are female, Hb < 12.5 mg/dl, admission creatinine > 2.5 mg/dl, history of hypertension, and age > 75 years . This scoring system yields discrimination value of 0.682 (95% CI; 0.630 to 0.734). Until now, there has been no external validation on the VKPP scoring system, therefore it is needed in order to implement

them clinically.

Objective : To validate externally the VKPP Cardio-Renal scoring system in patients who are hospitalized with ADHF.

Methods : This is a retrospective cohort study with temporal external validation method that performed at the Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas

Indonesia/National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, using secondary data from September 2015 until April 2016, which taken by consecutive sampling method. The data analysis is intended to develop the value of calibration and discrimination.

Results : The final samples are 418, with 20.3 % incidence of kidney function deterioration. Odds Ratio of all predictors is similar with the result in VKPP study, except female variable which is not a risk factor (OR 0.78; 95% CI; 0,43-1,45). As final, the calibration and

discrimination values are 0.594 and 0.568 (95% CI; 0.502-0.634). In the validation study, the incidence of worsening renal function in the low, moderate, and high risk group which are calculated using VKPP consecutively valued 18.6 % , 21.9 % and 29.6 %. However, only the

low-risk group who were in the range of probability predictions of worsening renal functions, which is 11-26 % (moderate and high risk valued 27 to 49.5 % and 50-80 %)."

"Latar belakang : Pasien penyakit jantung bawaan memiliki risiko untuk mengalamikehilangan berbagai macam mikronutrien sesudah operasi koreksi dengan mesin pintasjantung paru, salah satunya adalah vitamin D. Defisiensi vitamin D dapat memperberatkomplikasi yang terjadi sesudah operasi koreksi dengan mesin pintas jantung paru.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efek dari mesin pintas jantung paru terhadapkadar vitamin D sesudah operasi koreksi penyakit jantung bawaan.Metode : Penelitian dilakukan secara kohort prospektif dari bulan Maret-Juli 2020.Pada penelitian ini didapatkan total 30 pasien yang menjalani operasi koreksi denganmesin pintas jantung paru. Pemeriksaan kadar vitamin D dilakukan sebelum operasi dan24 jam sesudah mesin pintas jantung paru dimatikan.Hasil : Rerata kadar vitamin D preoperasi adalah 27,24 ng/mL dengan yang mengalamiinsufisiensi dan defisiensi sebanyak 70%. Rerata kadar vitamin D sesudah operasiadalah 20,73 ng/mL dengan jumlah subjek yang mengalami insufisensi dan defisiensimeningkat sebanyak 90%. Setelah operasi, terdapat penurunan vitamin D sebanyak 6,52ng/mL (24% dari kadar sebelum operasi). Uji korelasi antara penurunan kadar vitaminD dengan penggunaan mesin PJP menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dengan nilai P <0,001. Sedangkan tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara durasi penggunaanmesin pintas jantung paru dan durasi aortic cross clamp dengan penurunan kadarvitamin D.Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara penggunaan mesin pintasjantung paru dengan penurunan kadar vitamin D, namun penurunan ini tidakdipengaruhi oleh durasi penggunaan mesin pintas jantung paru dan durasi aortic crossclamp.

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Background: Patients with congenital heart disease are at risk of losing various

micronutrients after corrective surgery with a cardio-pulmonary bypass machine, one

of which is vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency can exacerbate complications that occur

after corrective surgery with a cardio-pulmonary bypass machine. This study aimed to

assess the effect of the cardio-pulmonary bypass machine on vitamin D levels after

corrective surgery for congenital heart disease.

Methods: This study was conducted in a prospective cohort from March to July 2020.

In this study, a total of 30 patients underwent corrective surgery with cardio-pulmonary

bypass machine. Vitamin D level checks were carried out before surgery and 24 hours

after the machine was turned off.

Results: The mean preoperative vitamin D level was 27.24 ng / mL with insufficiency

and deficiency as much as 70%. The mean postoperative vitamin D level was 20.73

ng/mL with the number of subjects experiencing insufficiency and deficiency increasing

by 90%. After surgery, there was a decrease in vitamin D by 6.52 mg / mL (24% of the

preoperative level). The correlation test between decreased levels of vitamin D and the

use of cardio-pulmonary bypass machines showed significant results with a P-value

<0.001. Meanwhile, there was no significant relationship between the duration of using

the cardio-pulmonary bypass machine and the duration of aortic cross clamp with a

decrease in vitamin D

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the use of cardio-pulmonary

bypass machines and a decrease in vitamin D levels, but this decrease was not

influenced by the duration of using the cardio-pulmonary bypass machine and the

duration of the aortic cross clamp."

"La cardio-TC è un esame non invasivo del cuore e delle coronarie che sta entrando sempre più frequentemente negli algoritmi diagnostici delle patologie cardiache, con un ruolo complementare rispetto alla coronarografia convenzionale: la cardio-TC permette infatti di valutare direttamente la parete delle coronarie, rendendo possibile uno studio morfologico delle placche aterosclerotiche, al quale è inoltre possibile affiancare la valutazione funzionale della cinesi delle camere e delle valvole cardiache, arricchendo ulteriormente il valore diagnostico dell’indagine. Per utilizzare al meglio tutte le possibilità offerte dalla tecnologia è importante che il Radiologo sia opportunamente formato, con approfondite competenze di diagnostica per immagini, e che sia in grado di interagire pariteticamente con il Clinico. Uno studio Cardio-TC di alta qualità richiede aggiornamenti in merito a tecnologia, protocolli di studio e modalità di analisi delle immagini, oltre al riconoscimento dell’appropriatezza delle indicazioni all’esame e conoscenze di fisio-patologia cardiaca e cardio-farmacologia. "

"Human resources professionals are entrusted, perhaps more than any other corporate designates, with the well-being of their organization?s population. They bridge the gaps between the individual and the collective, the person and the purpose. The most successful and effective HR professionals see their careers as a calling, and their work, though driven by corporate goals, is graced by a sense of purpose, a profound generosity, and a love for what they do and the constituencies they serve."