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"preparing elementary school teachers to teach science by inguiry in distance education cannot be separated from the use of media and information technology. In this study modules were used as a main learning sources and video record modeling as educational media. which was developed using research and development (R & D) cycles."

"Open and Distance Learning (ODL) nowadays becomes a trend in higher education. Course delivery and course material distribution have already been in electronic form by using information and communication technology (ICT). This technology becomes cheaper and much easier to be used. Indonesia as a nation where its people spread in thousands of islands does not always have face-to-face university in each city. Meanwhile, the need of skilled worker is always increased. ODL then becomes an alternative to educate people by using different way of teaching and learning process. People who have difficulties in accessing face-to-face university can use ODL as an alternative to upgrade their education. The role of ICT in ODL become important since the students can learn by using ICT. The students cal also “meet” their colleagues virtually. Meanwhile, it was explored that ICT can be utilized for online examination. Online examination is more efficient, much faster in processing the examination result, and much cheaper in budget. This article discusses many aspects of strength and weakness which is faced by educational institutions in administering online examinations."