Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This article analyses the strategic influence of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) on Indonesian foreign policy using constructivist theory and social identity theory as frameworks. It contends that NU's contributions are motivated by its intrinsic identity and principles, including the promotion of moderate Islam, rather than by external influences. This research utilizes the G20 Religion Forum (R20) and the ASEAN Intercultural and Interreligious Dialogue Conference (IIDC) as case studies to illustrate how NU capitalizes on its religious identity and principles to support Indonesia's diplomatic objectives of promoting peace, tolerance, and international collaboration. This study emphasizes the relationship between identity formation and policy results, illustrating NU as a crucial non-state participant in Indonesia's religious diplomacy."

"Jurnal ini membahasa membahas tindakan diskriminasi terhadap para pekerja asing di Korea Selatan dalam film Banga? Banga! Tindakan diskriminasi yang dibahas merupakan tindakan diskriminasi yang diterima oleh pekerja asing di Korea Selatan yang diceritakan dalam film komedi Banga? Banga! Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif yang berupa deskriptif-analitis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami tindakan diskriminasi yang diterima oleh para pekerja asing di Korea yang digambarkan melalui film Banga? Banga!. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah film Banga? Banga! merupakan representasi kecil dari tindakan diskriminasi yang dialami oleh para pekerja asing di Korea.

---

This journal discusses the discrimination against foreign workers in South Korea in Banga? Banga! movie. The discrimination in this thesis is the discrimination acts that received by foreign workers in South Korea which is told in the Banga? Banga! movie. This thesis is using the qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The purpose of this thesis is to find out the discrimination acts that received by foreign workers in South Korea which is portrayed through Banga? Banga! movie. As the result, Banga? Banga! movie is a small representation of the discrimination acts experienced by foreign workers in South Korea."

"Pada masa Perang Dunia II, Prancis menjadi salah satu negara yang diduduki oleh Jerman. Saat itu, Nazi mengharuskan keberadaan seluruh Yahudi di Prancis dihapuskan. Dari pengalaman ini, sinema Prancis pasca Perang Dunia II banyak dihiasi oleh kisah-kisah perang dunia dengan sentuhan bentuk dokumenter, ataupun dalam bentuk lain yang banyak mengangkat Yahudi di dalamnya. Salah satunya adalah film Au Revoir Les Enfants (1987) karya Louis Malle, yang di dalamnya banyak memasukkan kisah pengalaman hidupnya. Film semi-otobiografi ini menggambarkan kehidupan anak Yahudi bernama Jean Bonnet yang harus menyamar sebagai siswa Katolik Prancis di sebuah sekolah asrama pada masa pendudukan Jerman. Hal ini diakibatkan adanya sentimen terhadap Yahudi yang terus berkembang di lingkungan masyarakat Prancis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana stigmatisasi yang dimunculkan pada masyarakat Prancis terhadap Yahudi di masa Perang Dunia II. Dengan metode kualitatif, akan digunakan pembedahan unsur dramatik dan sinematografis film, teori stigmatisasi menurut Erving Goffman (2009), dan konsep diskriminasi menurut Larry Willmore (2001). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Prancis kerap melakukan stigmatisasi kesukuan terhadap suku bangsa Yahudi secara keseluruhan, yang juga melahirkan adanya tindakan diskriminasi. Tindakan ini dilakukan dalam lingkup institusi sekolah dan gereja Katolik. Dominasi kelompok yang menolak keberadaan Yahudi tanpa adanya tekanan dari penguasa menunjukkan bagaimana posisi Yahudi dan bagaimana penggambaran individu masyarakat Prancis kala itu.

---

During World War II, France became one of the countries that were occupied by Germany. At that time, the Nazis required the existence of Jews in France to be abolished. This affects the French cinema industry where they offer many world war stories, including documentary films or others about Jews. One of them is Au Revoir Les Enfants (1987) by Louis Malle, which tells the story of his life experiences. This semi-autobiographical film shows the life of a Jewish boy named Jean Bonnet who had to disguise his identity as a French Catholic student at a boarding school due to the growing sentiment against Jews in French society during the German occupation. This research aims to show the stigmatization of Jews in French society during World War II using a qualitative method. Moreover, this research dissected the dramatic and cinematographic elements and also used two theories: the stigmatization theory from Erving Goffman (2009), and the concept of discrimination from Larry Willmore (2001). As a result, the analysis shows that French society often stigmatized the Jews tribally which also caused acts of discrimination. Furthermore, the discrimination happened in the Catholic church and educational institution environment. The dominance of groups that reject the existence of Jews without any pressure from the authorities shows the position of Jews and how individual image of French society at that time."

"Homoseksualitas di Prancis dianggap sebagai salah satu bentuk kehidupan berpasangan di Prancis dengan adanya pengakuan resmi dari pemerintah melalui legalisasi pernikahan sesama jenis. Kebijakan terkait homoseksualitas terus berkembang di Prancis seiring dengan perkembangan zaman. Kebijakan pelarangan kaum homoseksual di Prancis sebagai pendonor darah dikeluarkan pertama kali pada tahun 1983 yang didorong oleh terjadinya epidemi HIV di Prancis pada masa itu. Pada perkembangan terbaru, masyarakat Prancis dapat menjadi pendonor darah terlepas dari apapun orientasi seksualnya terhitung sejak 16 Maret 2022. Dengan adanya kebijakan ini, kaum homoseksual di Prancis diharapkan dapat mendonorkan darahnya tanpa mengalami diskriminasi berdasarkan orientasi seksualnya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, penelitian ini akan membahas bagaimana peran kaum homoseksual di Prancis terhadap penghapusan diskriminasi yang dialami oleh kaum homoseksual pada kebijakan donor darah di Prancis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif oleh Hammarberg, Kirkman, dan de Lacey (2016), konsep kebijakan publik oleh Gerston (2014), serta teori kesehatan masyarakat dan hak asasi manusia oleh Beyrer (2014). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kebijakan donor darah bagi kaum homoseksual dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan darah di Prancis dan bukan sebagai bentuk penerimaan terhadap keberadaan komunitas homoseksual di Prancis.

---

Homosexuality in France is considered as one form of couple life in France with official recognition from the government through the legalization of same-sex marriage. Policies related to homosexuality continue to develop in France as time passed by. French Government issued a ban on homosexuals in France from eligibility to donate blood in 1983 due to the HIV epidemic that had happened in France during that time. After that, public policies related to blood donations for homosexuals continue to develop. In the latest development, people in France can donate their blood regardless of their sexual orientations started from March 16, 2022. After this policy has been legalized, it is hoped that homosexuals in France can donate blood without experiencing discrimination based on their sexual orientation. This research will discuss how the role of homosexuals in France in eliminating discrimination experienced by homosexuals in the blood donation policy in France.This study examines the role of homosexual community in France in affecting the elimination of discrimination in blood donation activities experienced by homosexuals in France. By using qualitative methods, public policy concept by Larry N. Gerston (2014), and public health and human rights theory by Chris Beyrer (2014), it is found that the blood donation policy of the French Government was based on the needs of blood and not a reflection of the acceptance of the existence of the homosexual community in France."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran Edith Windsor untuk menghapus diskriminasi terhadap kaum homoseksual di Amerika Serikat khususnya menghapus praktik Pasal Ketiga Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA). Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana peran Edith Windsor dalam upaya menggugat praktik Pasal Ketiga Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) di Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat dan bagaimana hasilnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplanatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teori gerakan sosial baru dan teori queer serta konsep homoseksual digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Edith Windsor berhasil memenangkan gugatannya dengan harus melewati berbagai judicial review yang diajukan oleh mereka yang anti-homoseksual. Adapun cara Edith Windsor dalam upaya penghapusan diskriminasi tersebut, yaitu melalui advokasi litigasi (citizen law suit). Dari peran yang dilakukan, Edith Windsor berhasil mengangkat kembali isu diskriminasi hingga terbentuk usulan draft RUU pernikahan yang baru di Kongres. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa perjuangan Edith Windsor berhasil menyatakan Pasal Ketiga DOMA sebagai sesuatu yang inkonstitusional.

---

This research discusses about the role of Edith Windsor to eliminate discrimination against homosexuals in the United States in particular eliminate the practice of Article Third Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). The problem in this research is how the role of Edith Windsor in an attempt to sue the practice of Article Third Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in the Supreme Court of the United States and how the results. This research is an explanatory research using qualitative approach. This research employs theory of new social movement, queer theory and also homosexuals concepts.

The results of this study are Edith Windsor won the lawsuit that must passed through various appeals judicial review by those who are anti-homosexual. As for how Edith Windsor in an effort to eliminate such discrimination, which is through litigation advocacy (citizen law suit). Of the role played by, Edith Windsor successfully raised the issue of discrimination and formed the proposed draft new marriage bill in congress. This research concluded that the struggle by Edith Windsor managed to declare Article Third DOMA as unconstitutional."

"Penelitian ini berbentuk studi fenomenologis yang bersifat kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif-analitik terhadap peran Fatayat Nahdatul Ulama dalam membangun kesadaran perempuan atas budaya yang mengungkung mereka.Al-Qur'an mengakui adanya perbedaan (distinction) antara laki-laki dan perempuan, tetapi perbedaan tersebut bukanlah pembedaan (discrimination) yang menguntungkan satu pihak dan merugikan pihak lainnya. Perbedaan tersebut dimaksudkan untuk mendukung misi pokok Al-Qur?an, yaitu terciptanya hubungan yang harmonis yang didasari oleh rasa kasih sayang (mawadah wa rahmah) di lingkungan keluarga, sebagai cikal bakal terwujudnya komunitas ideal dalam suatu negeri. Ini semua bisa terwujud manakala ada pola keseimbangan dan keserasian antara keduanya.Kualitas individu laki-laki dan perempuan di mata Tuhan tidak ada perbedaan. Aural dan prestasi keduanya sama-sama diakui Tuhan, keduanya sama-sama berpotensi untuk memperoleh kehidupan duniawi yang layak, dan keduanya mempunyai potensi untuk mendapat kebahagiaan ukhrawi.Bagi Fatayat NU kesetaraan gender harus dipahami sebagai upaya untuk menghormati dan menghargai perempuan sebagai manusia yang mempunyai hak dan kebebasan. Fatayat juga tidak menginginkan perempuan menjadi "makhluk super" yang bias melakukan aktifitas domestik dan publik dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Sebaliknya laki-laki pun seperti itu. Yang mereka inginkan antara laki-laki dan perempuan saling memahami posisi masing-masing, perempuan harus memiliki daya tawar (bargaining power.)Telah lama disadari bahwa salah satu faktor yang membentuk dan menghambat kesetaraan gender adalah pemahaman agama. Oleh karena itu salah satu proyek penting dari gerakan penyadaran ini adalah penilaian dan penafsiran kembali, bahkan pada tingkat tertentu melakukan dekontruksi, terhadap tafsir-tafsir yang selama ini mempunyai tendensi tidak adil terhadap perempuanSalah satu yang sulit adalah ketika ide dan gagasan-gagasan itu terbentur pada budaya patriarkis yang telah mengakar kuat. Jika patriarkis telah berwujud budaya, maka nilai-nilai yang dibawanya pun telah merasuk ke berbagai sendi dan struktur kehidupan dan dimensi agama menjadi bagian tidak terpisahkan. Maka pertarungan wacana dan.nilai-nilai beradu dalam dua wilayah yakni kebudayaan dan agama.

---

This study learn about fenomenologic of qualitative through the analysis-descriptive experiment type, which explain about role of Fatayat NU in built women awareness into hegemonic culture.

Al-Qur'an admit there was distinction between man and women, but the distinction not means discrimination which can more beneficial to the other. Reverse, the distinction intend to carry of Al-Qur'an fundamental mission, that is tangible restore harmonious relations based on love and affection (mawaddah wa rahmalr) in the circle of the family, as source real ideal .community in a country. However, this situation could be happen which is invent equilibrium and compatible relationship both of them.

In the God sight, quality of individual man and woman indifferent. Charity and achievement both them equally admitted to the God. They also potentially to have a proper worldly life, happiness for according to Fatayat NU, equal of gender should be minded as serious efforts to show mutual respect and appreciate woman as human which have the right and freedom. Moreover, Fatayat want unexpected woman to become "superior creatures" who can do domestic and public activity in the same time. In spite of man. Fatayat want that man and woman understanding respective their position. And of course, woman should have bargaining power.

In fact, for a long time consciused that one of the factor that can form even blocked gender equally is comprehension of religion. Consequently, an important project of action of awareness is reevaluation and reinterpretation instead on certain level to make decontruction concerning to the exegesis all this time have unfair tendension toward woman.

A complicated situation come while ideal and so many cencept collide with partriarch culture structure which became deeply rooted in society. When the partriarch has been formed, it'll takes appraisal then possessed to many structure and principal life and the dimension of religion unseparated. Simply, struggle of discourse and appraise fight in emancipation spot. There are happen in two area such as culture and religion."

"Penelitian ini ditulis dengan tema konsep siyasah pada pergerakan Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif komparatif dengan sumber pencarian data berupa studi pustaka, mengambil dari sumber acuan seperti referensi buku dan penelitian sebelumnya. Setelah penelitian, penulis menemukan kesimpulan bahwa keempat organisasi ini sepakat bahwa Islam adalah agama yang syumu>l, lengkap, menyeluruh dan komprehensif. Maka Islam membahas seluruh segi kehidupan manusia termasuk politik. Meski memiliki pandangan sama tentang syumu>liyatul Islam, Islam yang komprehensif keempat organisasi ini memiliki pandangan yang berbeda terutama dalam implementasi konsep siyasah di kehidupan sehari-hari.

---

This research is written with the concept of siyasah theme on the movement of Islam in Indonesia. This study is a qualitative research comparative with the source of data search in the form of literature study, taking from reference sources such as reference books and previous research. After the research, the authors found the conclusion that these four organizations agree Islam is syumu>l, complete and comprehensive, then Islam discusses all aspects of human life including politics. Despite having the same view of syumu>liyatul Islam¸ complete and comprehensive, these four organizations have different views, especially in the implementation of the concept siyasah in daily life. "

"

Pasca tumbangnya pemerintahan Orde Baru pada 1998 menjadi momentum bangkitnya  kelompok-kelompok Islam radikal, seperti Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), Jamaah Islamiyah (JI), Laskar Jihad (LJ), Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), dan Front Pembela Islam (FPI). Kelompok-kelompok Islam radikal tersebut berupaya mengubah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) menjadi Khilafah Islamiyah, mengganti ideologi Pancasila dengan syariat Islam, berjihad fi sabilillah dengan memerangi musuh-musuh Islam, menolak perempuan dan non-muslim sebagai pemimpin. Gerakan radikalisme ini harus dilawan karena menghambat demokratisasi, bahkan tidak sesuai dengan nilai-nilai ajaran Islam sebagai agama rahmatan lil-alamin. Maka dari itu peran Muhammadiyah dan NU sebagai organisasi Islam moderat (wasithiyah) dan kekuatan civil Islam sangat dibutuhkan untuk melawan upaya-upaya kelompok Islam radikal ini.

Fokus permasalahan disertasi ini adalah pertama, bagaimana penafsiran Muhammadiyah dan NU mengenai dasar negara, jihad, dan toleransi terhadap non-muslim? Kedua, bagaimana praktik-praktik penafsiran melalui refleksi (kesadaran diri) di kalangan Muhammadiyah dan NU mengenai dasar negara, jihad, dan toleransi terhadap non-muslim? Ketiga, bagaimana konteks relasi kekuasaan dan kepentingan Muhammadiyah dan NU dalam memahami diskursus mengenai dasar negara, jihad, dan toleransi terhadap non-muslim?

Dengan menggunakan Teori Interpretasi Ricoeur, Teori Kritis Habermas, dan Teori Hegemoni Gramsci, serta metode hermeneutika fenomenologi Ricoeur disertasi ini menghasilkan temuan-temuan berikut. Pertama, adanya distansiasi dalam proses penafsiran. Mengenai Pancasila sebagai dasar negara, Muhammadiyah menafsirkannya sebagai darul ahdi wa syahadah, NU sebagai mu’ahadah wathaniyah. Muhammadiyah memahami jihad sebagai jihad lil-muwajahah, NU sebagai mabadi’ khaira ummah. Muhammadiyah memahami toleransi terhadap non-muslim sebagai ukhuwah insaniyah, NU sebagai ukhuwah wathaniyah. Kedua, penafsiran Muhammadiyah dan NU tersebut merupakan hasil refleksi dan dialektika antara latar belakang, tujuan, dan kepentingan kalangan Muhammadiyah dan NU dengan struktur kekuasaan politik dan struktur kekuasaan lain. Ketiga, adanya relasi kekuasaan dan kepentingan yang menentukan penafsiran, yaitu kekuasaan negara (Orde Baru), kekuatan kelompok Islam radikal, dan kepentingan peneguhan identitas organisasi. Penafsiran Muhammadiyah dan NU tersebut sekaligus sebagai kritik terhadap ideologi radikalisme yang ingin mendirikan Khilafah Islamiyah dan menegakkan syariat Islam di Indonesia sebagai utopis dan ahistoris.

Disertasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk pendidikan atau literasi deradikalisasi atau moderasi untuk menangkal tumbuhnya radikalisme. Untuk itu diperlukan kesadaran dan tindakan bersama (collective action) yang melibatkan tiga unsur yaitu negara (state), masyarakat sipil (civil society), dan media massa baru (new mass media).

 

---

The aftermath of the New Order government in 1998 was the momentum of the rise of radical Islamist groups, such as the Indonesian Mujahidin Assembly (MMI), Pilgrims Islamiyah (JI), Laskar Jihad (LJ), Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), and the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI). The radical Islamist groups sought to change the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) into the Caliphate Islamiyah, replacing the ideology of Pancasila with Islamic Shari'ah, Jihad fi sabilillah by combating Islamic enemies, rejecting women and non-Muslims as leaders. This movement of radicalism must be taken captive by inhibiting democratization, and not in accordance with the values of Islamic teachings as rahmatan lil-alamin. Thus, the role of Muhammadiyah and NU as moderate Islamic Organisations (wasithiyah) and Islamic civil were needed to counter the efforts of this radical Islamist groups.

The focus of this dissertation is firstly, how is the interpretation of Muhammadiyah and NU on the basis of state, jihad, and tolerance to non-Muslims? Secondly, how is the practice of interpretation by reflection (self-awareness) among Muhammadiyah and NU on the basis of state, jihad, and tolerance to non-Muslims? Thirdly, how is the context of the relationship between Muhammadiyah and NU in understanding the discourse on the basis of state, jihad, and tolerance to non-Muslims?

Using the Ricoeur’s Interpretation Theory, Critical Theory by Habermas, and Hegemony Theory of Gramsci, as well as the method of hermeneutics phenomenology by Ricoeur, this dissertation resulted in the following findings. First, there is a distanciation in the interpretation process. Regarding Pancasila as the basis of the state, Muhammadiyah interpret it as Darul Ahdi wa Syahadah, NU as Mu'ahadah Wathaniyah. Muhammadiyah interpret jihad as a Jihad lil-Muwajahah, NU as Mabadi' Khaira Ummah. Muhammadiyah interpret the tolerance of non-Muslims as Ukhuwah Insaniyah, NU as Ukhuwah Wathaniyah. Secondly, the interpretation of Muhammadiyah and NU is the result of reflection and dialectics between the background, purpose, and interests of Muhammadiyah and NU with the structure of political power and other structures of power. Thirdly, there is a relationship of power and interest that determines the interpretation, namely the power of the state (the New Order), the power of radical Islamic groups, and the interest of the identity of the organization. The interpretation of Muhammadiyah and NU as well as criticism of radicalism ideology that wants to establish the Caliphate Islamiyah and uphold Islamic law in Indonesia as utopian and a-historic.

This dissertation can be used as material for the education or literacy of deradicalization or moderation to ward off the growth of radicalism. Therefore, were needed to collective action that involves three elements, namely state, civil society, and new mass media to against radicalism.

 

"

"[ ABSTRAK Pada tahun 1998 terjadi dua peristiwa yang memberikan dampak penting terhadap warga etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia.Peristiwa pertama adalah Kerusuhan Mei 1998 yang dilanjutkan oleh peristiwa berikutnya yaitu turunnya Soeharto dari kursi presiden yang menandai berakhirnya pemerintahan Orde Baru. Kerusuhan Mei 1998 yang sarat akan sentimen anti-Tionghoa dan memakan banyak korban warga etnis Tionghoa justru menciptakan sebuah titik balik dalam gerakan warga Tionghoa. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui proses berdirinya organisasi massa bernama Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa (INTI) dan sejauh apa kiprahnya dalam upaya integrasi dengan warga etnis lainnya serta upaya pemenuhan hak WNI keturunan Tionghoa. Sumber-sumber data untuk penelitian ini diperoleh dari buku-buku, jurnal, koran, serta arsip yang didapatkan dari berbagai sumber seperti Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia dan arsip Perhimpunan INTI. Kontribusi dari Perhimpunan INTI tidak begitu disorot dalam koran-koran nasional pada masa awal berdirinya sehingga sumber utama berasal dari wawancara dengan beberapa pendiri organisasi.Tidak semua upaya sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh warga Tionghoa semata tetapi juga terdapat kontribusi dari tokoh-tokoh dengan latar belakang etnis yang berbeda.Ini pun menunjukkan bahwa Perhimpunan INTI berhasil meraih simpati dari berbagai kalangan yang menjadi sebuah langkah awal yang penting dalam upaya integrasi.

---

ABSTRACT During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people., During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.]"