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Hassan Nasir Mirbahar
"Karachi, a city of migrants, is a socially and politically polarized metropolis. Thus, it is mired with inter-ethnic conflicts. Each group claims their right to the city is superior to others’. Muhajirs claim that they made sacrifices for the creation of Pakistan and make up the majority; hence, they have more rights over the city than others. Sindhis see themselves as the Indigenous population, as they founded the port city, while Pashtuns and Punjabis suggest they brought much of the capital that fuels the city’s economy. These diverging claims result in the contestation over both city and citizenship in the city. This contested citizenship intersects with power politics in Karachi, marked by extreme violence and ethnic hatred. This paper evaluates the nature of contested citizenship against historical developments in Karachi. It argues that the divergent paths of each ethnic group, leading to same city, have created multiple competing claims on the city, resulting in one group cancelling the claims of the others. Ultimately, citizenship itself has become contested."
Jakarta: UIII Press, 2024
297 MUS 3:2 (2024)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"I would like to talk about a project that we are very proud of. It is a place that all of us enjoy today. In many ways it has become more than just a mall. It is recognized not just by athe market, but also by leading real estate award - giving bodies...."
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hoffman, Mary
Jakarta: Mizan Fantasi, 2008
823.914 HOF c
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Kholidah Zia
"Skripsi ini menjelaskan mengenai deskripsi hubungan migran Indonesia dan masyarakat lokal perbatasan Long Busang, Malaysia. Letak Long Busang yang jauh dari kontrol pemerintah Malaysia membuat situasi perbatasan terasa sangat cair, sehingga aturan yang telah ditetapkan oleh negara sebagai acuan untuk menentukan batas sosial sulit untuk dilakukan. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk melihat konsepsi mengenai batas sosial oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di perbatasan melalui interaksi sosial aktor - aktor yang ada di perbatasan. Saya melakukan pengumpulan data dengan pengamatan dan wawancara untuk mendapatkan narasi mengenai perbatasan bagi masyarakat Long Busang melalui relasi sosial dengan migran asal Indonesia, pengalaman latar belakang sejarah dan konteks wilayah perbatasan.

This thesis describes the relationship between Indonesian migrants and local people of Long Busang Malaysia. The condition of Long Busang away from the Malaysian central government control, make the boundary situation was "very liquid". So the rules set by the state as a reference for determining the territory and social boundaries becomes difficult to be implemented. This thesis aims to look at the conception of the social boundaries by people living in the border through the social interaction of actors in the border. I perform data collection by observation and interviews to obtain narratives on the border to the community of Long busang through social relations with migrants from Indonesia, experience the historical background and context of the border region.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S58004
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dizar Ramadhan Sabana
"Sekuritisasi migran/migrasi merupakan hal yang problematis. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji berbagai gugatan akademisi kritis terhadap dinamika tersebut. Tulisan ini akan mengelompokkan literatur berdasarkan tipologi Huysmans dan Squire. Mereka melihat untuk mengkaji sekuritisasi migran/migrasi secara kritis hal yang harus dipersoalkan adalah wacana, praktik, dan studi. Namun, tulisan ini hanya akan menelaah literatur yang mempersoalkan wacana dan praktik sekuritisasi migran/migrasi. Pembahasan mengenai studi akan menjadi analisis. TKA ini mengidentifikasi bila perspektif postmodern dan poststrukturalis mendominasi literatur. Selain itu, TKA ini juga melihat perspektif negara penerima yang mayoritas merupakan negara Barat mendominasi. Dengan demikian, muncul kecurigaan bahwa sekuritisasi migran/migrasi hanyalah masalah negara-negara Barat saja.

Securitization of migrants/migration is a problematic issue. This paper seeks to discuss various assessments from critical studies scholars towards securitization of migrant/migrations. This paper organizes these literatures based on a typology by Huysmans and Squire. According to their typology, discourse, practice, and knowledge must be examined to assess securitization of migrant/migration are. However, this paper would only scrutinize discourse and practice. Assessment on knowledge will be discussed in the analysis. This paper found that postmodern and poststructuralism paradigms dominate critical studies about securitization of migrant/migration. Furthermore, it is also interesting to note that host countries perspective dominates the literature. This raises a suspicion if securitization of migrant/migration is merely a problem of Western countries."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2017
TA-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Chrisnina Maharani
"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor demografi terhadap kualitas hidup, dengan membandingkan kondisi migran dan non-migran di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Provinsi Jawa Barat memiliki tingkat migrasi tertinggi di Indonesia, dan memiliki pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi. Jumlah populasi bisa berpengaruh baik atau buruk pada pembangunan. Variabel kualitas kehidupan dipengaruhi oleh faktor demografi yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing individu, seperti usia, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, ukuran keluarga, perempuan dan sektor formal. Membandingkan migran dan non-migran akan memberikan gambaran yang lebih baik tentang kontributor pembangunan.
Dengan memisahkan migran dan non migran bisa menjelaskan akar permasalahan sosial di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Menggunakan Susenas data survei sosioekonomi nasional pada tahun 2014 dengan jumlah pengamatan 37.833 sampel angkatan kerja dan 19.259 sampel yang bekerja dengan metode ordinal logit, didapatkan hasil bahwa semua variabel kecuali kepala rumah tangga perempuan berpengaruh signifikan secara statistik terhadap kualitas hidup. Meskipun variabel-variabel ini berpengaruh, migran memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan non-migran. Hal ini juga ditunjukkan dari perhitungan skor kualitas hidup migran yang 13 persen lebih tinggi daripada kualitas hidup non-migran.

This study aims to see the influence of demographic factors on the quality of life, by comparing the situation of migrants and non migrants in West Java Province. West Java Province has the highest in migration rate in Indonesia, and has a high population growth. The size of population could be good or bad for the development. The quality of life variables is influenced by demographic factors owned by each individual, such as age, gender, marital status, family size, female headed and formal sector. Comparing migrants and non migrants will give a better picture of who are the development contributors.
By separating migrant and non migrant could explain the root of social problems in West Java Province. Using Susenas The national socioeconomic survey data in 2014 with an observation number of 37.833 sample of labor force and 19.259 sample of employee with ordinal logit method, it is found that all of the variable except female headed is significant statistically affecting the quality of life. Although these variables are influential, migrants have a higher quality of life than non migrants. It is also shown from the calculation of life scores where the life quality score of migrants is 13 percent higher than non migrant quality of life score.
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Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2017
T47723
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Baum, L. Frank
"YA. GENERAL &​ LITERARY FICTION. The sequel to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and set shortly after the events in the first book, The Marvellous Land of Oz follows the adventures of a young boy named Tip, who, for as long as he can remember, has been under the guardianship of a witch named Mombi in the Land of Oz. One night he plans his escape to the Emerald City, stealing Mombi's powder of life. Along the way he meets with our old friends the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman as well as making some new ones such as Jack Pumpkinhead, the Wooden Sawhorse, the Highly Magnified Woggle-Bug, and the amazing Gump. Can they escape Mombi and make it to the Emerald City? A fantastical tale of endless imagination, The Marvellous Land of Oz is as exciting and endearing today as it was when first published over eighty years ago"
New York: Disnep Press, 2013
813.5 BAU m
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Baum, L. Frank
Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics, 1993
808.801 BAU w
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, 1892-1973
Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2016
823.912 TOL l
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mikael Samin
"ABSTRAK
Migrasi merupakan aliran sumberdaya manusia dari suatu lingkungan hidup (ekosistem) ke lingkungan hidup (ekosistem) lainnya dalam suatu wilayah negara. Migrasi juga merefleksikan keseimbangan aliran sumberdaya manusia dari suatu wilayah ke wilayah lainnya (Firman, 1994). Migrasi umumnya selalu cenderung dari wilayah atau kawasan (ekosistem) yang lingkungan hidupnya masih minus ke wilayah atau kawasan (ekosistem) yang lingkungan hidupnya lebih mantap keadaan sosial-ekonominya. Jadi, migrasi merupakan tanggapan atau reaksi migran atas ketidakmantapan (ketimpangan) lingkungan sosialekonominya di daerah asal, atau lingkungan hidup daerah asal tidak berfungsi secara balk bagi kehidupan para migran. Sementara itu ada anggapan para migran bahwa terdapat kemantapan ekosistem di luar daerahnya yang akan menjadi daerah tujuan migrasinya itu.
Pola migrasi di Indonesia kelihatannya masih bersifat Jawa sentris, artinya sebagian besar migran dari seluruh wilayah di Indonesia menuju ke Jawa dan sebagian besar migran dari Jawa menuju ke wilayah-wilayah di Jawa juga, terutama terpusat ke kota-kota besar (kota metropolitan).
Pemusatan arus migrasi ke kawasan (ekosistem) kota metropolitan ini menunjukkan suatu pengutuban (polarisasi), yang menyebabkan kepadatan penduduk Pulau Jawa, terutama di kawasan kota metropolitannya lebih tinggi daripada daerah-daerah lainnya. Hal ini lebih nampak lagi di wilayah Kota Metropolitan Jakarta, kepadatan penduduknya pada tahun 1993 mencapai 11.183 jiwa/km2 dengan pertumbuhan penduduknya pada periode 1980-1990 sebesar 2,41 persen dan pada tahun 1990-1993 sebesar 2,12 persen per tahun, yang merupakan wilayah propinsi dan kawasan kota metropolitan terpadat dan terbesar pertumbuhan penduduknya di Indonesia. Kepadatan dan pertumbuhan penduduk Kota Metropolitan Jakarta yang tinggi ini sebagai suatu akibat dari penduduk yang pindah ke kota tersebut lebih banyak yang mampu menetap daripada pindah kembali ke daerah asal atau ke daerah lain.
Kemampuan menetap migran ke suatu lingkungan tempat tinggal menimbulkan terkonsentrasinya sumberdaya manusia paaa satu ruang kehidupan, yang sudah tentu pada gilirannya agihan penduduk tidak merata dan seimbang di setiap wilayah dan kawasan, pemanfaatan sumber daya lingkungan hidup juga tidak merata dan perhatian terhadap pembangunan wilayah pun tidak merata dan seimbang.
Terkonsentrasinya sumber daya manusia di kota-kota besar (kota metropolitan) sering diikuti dengan meningkatnya gejala perusakan dan pencemaran lingkungan hidup, seperti tekanan terhadap lahan perkotaan, meningkatnya produksi limbah, rusaknya air tanah, masalah sanitasi atau kesehatan masyarakat, timbulnya pemukiman liar dan kumuh, dan sebagainya. Di samping itu, meningkatnya angkatan kerja yang belum dapat terserap dalam kesempatan kerja yang produktif, timbulnya kesenjangan taraf hidup antar kelompok masyarakat dan tekanan-tekanan sosial psikologis lainnya, baik dialami masyarakat kota umumnya maupun yang dialami oleh masyarakat migran sendiri.
Berdasarkan kenyataan di lapangan terdapat indikasi bahwa kemampuan menetap masyarakat migran asal Manggarai ke Kota Metropolitan Jakarta, khususnya yang menetap di Jakarta Timur tergolong cukup tinggi. Tingginya kemampuan menetap masyarakat migran ini erat kaitannya dengan lingkungan sosial-ekonomi migran, baik sewaktu di daerah asal maupun setelah menetap di kota metropolitan. Atas dasar hal tersebut maka disusun hipotesis kerja, yakni kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh kesempatan kerja sewaktu di daerah asal, kesesuaian (kepuasan) dengan lapangan kerja di lingkungan daerah asal, status sosial-ekonomi sewaktu di daerah asal, pola konsumsi sewaktu di daerah asal, nilai kemakmuran (ekonomis) wilayah yang diharapkan migran di daerah asal, nilai pemilikan lahan usaha di daerah asal, kesempatan kerja setelah menetap di kota metropolitan, kesesuaian (kepuasan) dengan lapangan kerja di lingkungan kota metropolitan dan sekitarnya, status sosial-ekonomi setelah menetap di kota metropolitan, pola konsumsi setelah menetap di kota metropolitan, nilai kemakmuran (ekonomis) yang diharapkan migran di kawasan kota metropolitan dan sekitarnya, peranan infrastruktur penunjang mata pencaharian terhadap kegiatan ekonomi migran di wilayah kota metropolitan.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Wilayah Kotamadya Jakarta Timur sebagai bagian dari Wilayah Kota Metropolitan Jakarta dengan populasi sebanyak 294 migran asal Suku Manggarai yang memenuhi beberapa kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Dari populasi tersebut terpilih sampel sebanyak 62 orang migran atau 21,09 persen yang berdomisili di Kelurahan Palmeriam Kecamatan Matraman. Sampel ini merupakan sampel wilayah yang ditentukan secara purpossive (purpossive area sampling) untuk menentukan lokasi sasaran penelitian dan sekaligus menentukan jumlah migran sebagai responden.
Untuk memperoleh data, maka digunakan daftar pertanyaan (kuesioner) dan wawancara secara mendalam. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis data digunakan analisis deskripsi atau interpretasi dan pemahaman dengan hantuan tabeltabel. Selain itu juga dianalisi.s dengan uji statistik Korelasi Rank Spearman dengan memperhatikan faktor koreksi T terhadap ranking berangka sama dan untuk menguji signifikansinya menggunakan rumus "distribusi student's t".
Dari hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa :
1. Masyarakat migran asal Manggarai ternyata mempunyai niat untuk bertahan hidup (menetap selamanya) pada lingkungan hidup (ekosistem) Kota Metropolitan Jakarta dari pada pindah lagi ke daerah asal atau ke daerah lain. Hanya 3,23 persen dari responden yang berniat untuk pindah kembali dan 22,58 persen yang masih ragu-raga. Hal ini diperkuat pula dengan lama menetap mereka di Kota Metropolitan Jakarta yang tergolong cukup lama (5 tahun ke atas) yakni sebanyak 59,68 persen dan adaptasi sosial-ekonomi yang cukup tinggi dan tinggi yakni sebanyak 62,90 persen dari responden.
2. Nilai budaya Manggarai dalam kegiatan sosial--ekanomi seperti gotong-royong dalam rangka pengumpulan dana, kegiatan arisan, hidup damai dengan sesama warga masyarakat di lingkungan sekitar, gensi (gengsi) atau ritak (main), rantang rugi (takut rugi) dan rantang rabo (takut dimarahi) serta saling membantu dalam mencari pekerjaan merupakan nilai-nilai yang memperkuat strategi adaptasi sosial-ekonomi para migran (ata long).
3. Berdasarkan tolok ukur yang telah ditetapkan, maka kemampuan menetap migran asal Manggarai di lingkungan Kota Metropolitan Jakarta, khususnya di Wilayah Jakarta Timur, dapat dikategorikan cukup tinggi. Hanya 32,26 persen dari responden yang termasuk kategori rendah.
4. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya tingkat kesempatankerja migran sewaktu di daerah asal
5. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh ketidaksesuaian atau ketidakpuasan migran dengan lapangan kerja di lingkungan daerah asal (thit < ttah(a0,05;6o)).
6. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kotametropolitan dipengaruhi oleh sangat rendahnya status sosial-ekonomi migran sewaktu di daerah asal (thit { ttab(ao,05;60))
7. Kendatipun pola konsumsi (tingkat konsumsi dan tingkat kebutuhan hidup) migran sewaktu di daerah asal rendah atau kurang baik, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan (thit > ttab(a0,05;60)
8. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh sangat rendahnya nilai kemakmuran (ekonomis) wilayah yang diharapkan migran di daerah asalnya (thit {tab(a0,05;60))
9. Walaupun rendahnya atau kurang baiknya nilai pembukaan lahan usaha migran di daerah asalnya., tetapi tidak mempengaruhi tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan (thit > ttah(a0,05;60)).
10. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh tingginya kesempatan kerja migran setelah menetap di kota metropolitan (thit > ttab(a0,05;60))
11. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh adanya kesesuaian atau kepuasan migran dengan lapangan kerja migran di lingkungan kota metropolitan (thit >ttab(0,Q5;6O)).
12. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh tingginya status sosial-ekonomi migran setelah menetap di wilayah kota metropolitan (thit } ttab(a0,05;60)).
13. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh tingginya atau baiknya pola konsumsi migran setelah menetap di kota metropolitan (thit > ttab(G0,05;60))
14. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh tingginya nilai kemakmuran (ekonomis) wilayah yang diharapkan migran di kota metropolitan (thit > ttab(ao,o5;6o)).
15. Tingginya kemampuan menetap migran ke kota metropolitan dipengaruhi oleh besarnya peranan infrastruktur penunjang mata pencaharian yang terdapat di kawasan kota metropolitan terhadap kegiatan ekonomi migran (thit } ttab(a0,05;60)).

ABSTRACT
Migration is a flow of human resource from one ecosystem to another ecosystem in an area of a country. Migration also reflects the balanced flow of human re-source from one area to another (Firman, 1974). Generally, migration usually tends to move from regions or areas (ecosystem) with a living environment that is minus to regions or areas (ecosystem) with social-economic environment that are better/stable. Thus, migration is a response or reaction of migration on the social-economic environment's imbalance of the original region, or biological environment of the original region that is not able to function properly for migrants to live. Meanwhile. Migrants assume that there is ecosystem stability outside of their region that will be the target of their migration.
The migration patterns in Indonesia is still centrally/ located in Java, which means that most of the migrant from all regions in Indonesia migrate to Java and most migrants from Java also migrate to certain regions around Java, particularly big cities (metropolitan cities).
The concentration of migration flow in metropolitan areas (ecosystem) implies a polarization, which causes population density in Java, particularly in the metropolitan area, which is found to be more dense than other regions. This is, especially more dominant in Metropolitan Jakarta the population density of which reaches 11.183 people/km2, with its population growth in 1980--1990 around 2.41 percent and 1990--1993 was 2.12 percent a year. This makes Jakarta as the most dense province and metropolitan area, with the highest population growth in Indonesia.
This high growth and density of population is the result of the fact that most migrants who move to this city have the ability to find a place and reside in the city than move back to their original or other areas.
The ability of migrants to reside in certain neighborhood causes human resource concentration in certain living spaces, and of course, the distribution of population is not equal or balanced in each region or area. Thus, the use of living natural resource will not be equal, as well as the attention to development will not be equal or there is imbalance.
The concentration of human resource in big cities (metropolitan cities) is usually followed by a phenomenon of biological destruction and contamination, such as the increase of household' waste production, damage of ground water, illegal settlement or slum areas, etc. Besides, the increase of laborers that cannot be absorbed by productive work opportunities, disparity of standard of living among societal groups and other social-psychological pressures, both have been experienced by both the rural society and migrant society a like.
Based on the reality in the field, there are indications that the residing ability of Manggarainese migrant society in Metropolitan Jakarta, particularly in East Jakarta is found to be high. The high ability of this migrant society has close correlation with the social-economic environment of the migrants, both when being in their original region and after residing in the metropolitan city. Based on that case, it is hypothesized that the ability of migrants to reside in the metropolitan city is influenced by work opportunities in their original region (when they were still in their original area), their satisfaction on work opportunities in their original region, their social-economic status in their original region, consumption patterns when they were in their original region, the values of prosperity (economical values) they expected in their original region, the values of work field in their original region, work opportunities they have after residing in metropolitan city, their satisfaction on work opportunities around the metropolitan city, social-economic status after residing in metropolitan city, pattern of consumption after residing in metropolitan city, the values of prosperity expected by the migrants from metropolitan city, the role of supportive infrastructure like the means of making a living toward economic activities in metropolitan city.
This research was carried out in the Region of East Jakarta Municipality as a part of the Metropolitan City of Jakarta, with some 294 Manggrainese migrants who satisfied determined requirements. From those population, the selected samples were 62 migrants or 21.09 percent of the total population who reside in Kelurahan Palmeriam Kecamatan Matraman. This purposive area sampling is aimed at deter-mining the target location for research and the number of migrants as the respondents.
A Questionnaire was used to obtain the data, and detailed interview was carried out as well. While for data analysis, descriptive analysis was used. Whereas interpretation and comprehension are presented through tables. Data analysis was also done by using Rank Spearmen Statistical Correlation testing by seeing correlation factor T on similar number of rank, and " distribution of student's "t" formula is used to test its significance.
Through the analysis, it is found that:
1. Manggarainese migrant society have purpose to reside in the biological environment (ecosystem) of Metropolitan Jakarta, rather than moving back to their original region. Only 3.23 percent of the respondents are eager to move back, and 22.58 percent of respondents are still in doubt. This is also. stressed by the fact of length of living or residing in Metropolitan Jakarta (above 5 years) the percentage of which is 59.68 percent, social-economic adaptation is also high enough; this makes 62.90 percent of respondents.
2. Cultural values in social-economic activities, such as cooperation in collection of funds, arisan and living harmoniously with tribes around their neighborhood, as well as creating mutual help in finding jobs opportunities. These are the values that help to strengthen their strategy in social-economic adaptation.
3. Based on the determined measurement, the ability of Manggrainese migrants to reside in the neighborhood of Metropolitan Jakarta, particularly in East Jakarta,is categorized as fairly high. Only 32.26 percent of all respondents are categorized to be low.
4. The high ability of migrants to reside in Jakarta is influenced by the low work opportunities available in their original region (th<<< tab (Q 0.025;60).
5. The high ability of migrants to reside in the metropolitan city is influenced by dissatisfaction or incompatibily of migrants' on available work opportunities in their original region (th,, < tab (.0.05;60)).
6. The high ability of migrants to reside in the metropolitan city is influenced by their very low social-economic status in their respective original region (thit < tsab (a 0.050)).
7. Although the consumption pattern (rate of consumption and rate of living necessity) of migrants in their original region is low or worse, but it does not influence the high ability to reside in the metropolitan city(thit < tsab (a 0.05:50))
8. The high ability of migrants to reside in metropolitan city is influenced by their very low prosperity values (economic) of the region expected by the migrants in their original region (this < tsab)
9. The low values of field possession in their original region, such does not influence the high ability to reside in metropolitan city(thit 7 tthb (x0.05;50))
10. The high ability of migrants to reside in the metropolitan city is influenced bythe high work opportunities after the migrants settled in the metropolitan city `thit> stab (a O.05;6d)
11. The high ability of migrants to reside in the metropolitan city is influenced by the suitability and satisfaction of migrants in the work opportunities availablein the metropolitan city (this > stab (a 0.05;0))
12. The high ability of migrants to reside in the metropolitan city is influenced by migrants social-economic status after residing in the metropolitan city(thit> CI; (a 0,05;50)
13. The high ability of migrants to reside in the metropolitan city is influenced by the better consumption pattern after residing in the metropolitan city(t it > tsah (a 0.05;60))
14. The high ability of migrants to reside in the metropolitan city is influenced by the high prosperity values (economic) in the area expected by migrants in themetropolitan city (this > tsab (a 0.050))
15. The high ability of migrants to reside in the metropolitan city is influenced by the high supportive infrastructure of the metropolitan city for economic activities of the migrants (thit > tteb (a 0.50;60)
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Jakarta: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, 1996
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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