Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This book discusses how taxation can contribute to a sustainable economic development. It analyses the role and functions of taxes and tax audits with special focus on sustainable development, considering not only the fiscal functions of taxes but also their economic, social, and environmental effects. The book sheds light on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on taxation and discusses principles of good governance in tax administration. The author also analyses the preconditions and indicators for cross-border tax fraud and the possibilities for counteraction. Furthermore, the book examines tax reliefs and rates, and how the different types of taxation – flat, progressive, and regressive taxes, can impact economic, social, and environmental development. In the last section, the author discusses how to achieve economic, social, and environmental effects through taxation. This book will appeal not only to academics working in this field, but also to practitioners whowould like in-depth insights into these topics."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis temuan audit Pajak pada Kontraktor Migas dilihat dari Aspek Akuntansi, Perpajakan, serta Konsep Migas seperti kesesuaian kontrak, pemenuhan prosedur, serta pertimbangan kekhususan yang mengatur mengenai ruang lingkup Industri Migas. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus pada temuan audit Tahun Buku 20XX pada sample KKKS. Ruang lingkup yang diangkat adalah koreksi Pajak Penghasilan Badan Minyak dan Gas seperti Alokasi Overhead Kantor Pusat, dan koreksi atas Depresiasi. Pajak lain yang diangkat adalah Pajak Pertambahan Nilai PPN atas Facility Sharing Agreement pada Floating Storage Offloading. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa kondisi industri Migas merupakan industri yang spesifik dan perlu diperlakukan dengan mekanisme yang khusus.

---

ABSTRACTThe Research Analyzes the tax audit findings on Oil Gas Production Sharing Contrator viewed from Accounting Principle, Taxation, as well as the Oil Gas concept, including the suitability of the Contract, procedural compliance, as well as consideration of the specifity concerning the scope of the Oil Gas Industry specificity. Research method used is case study on the 20XX audit Findings of the PSC. Scope of the research related with Corporate Income Tax Correction generated from Parent Company Overhead Allocation and Corection from Depreciation. Other Tax Issues analyzed is the Value Added Tax VAT of the Facility Sharing Agreement on Floating Storage Offloading. This research show that the condition of the Oil Gas Industry is a Special Industry and need to be treated with Special procedure. "

"Hasil putusan pengadilan pajak banyak dimenangkan oleh wajib pajak pemohon banding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana karakteristik wajib pajak yang mengajukan sengketa banding ke Pengadilan Pajak, penyebab terjadinya sengketa, metode  dan teknik pemeriksaan pajak yang digunakan untuk pemeriksaan Pajak Penghasilan Badan pada Putusan Banding Pengadilan Pajak, serta bagaimana hubungan antara faktor-faktor tersebut dengan hasil putusan sengketa banding Pengadilan Pajak atas Pajak Penghasilan Badan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode content analysis dan regresi logitik binomial. Dari hasil penelitian, karakteristik badan hukum wajib pajak yang didapatkan adalah perseroan terbatas, yayasan, lembaga, BUT, CV, dan perusahaan daerah, jenis usaha wajib pajak yang ditemukan adalah manufaktur, jasa, perdagangan, dan agraria-pertambangan. Penyebab sengketa yang ditemukan terdiri dari 6 penyebab sengketa dengan perbedaan pendapat dalam pengakuan bukti pendukung/dokumen transaksi merupakan penyebab sengketa terbanyak. Selain itu ditemukan juga pokok sengketa yang paling banyak disengketakan adalah koreksi atas biaya usaha. Metode pemeriksaan yang digunakan adalah metode langsung dan tidak langsung. Teknik pemeriksaan yang digunakan terdiri dari 17 jenis teknik dengan pemanfaatan informasi sebagai teknik yang paling banyak digunakan. Hasil uji regresi logistik menemukan dua variabel yang berpengaruh langsung signifikan pada hasil putusan yaitu, penyebab sengketa karena perundang-undangan dan dasar pembatalan karena metode.(

---

) Many tax court decisions have been won by appellant taxpayers. This study aims to determine the characteristics of taxpayers who filed an appeal dispute to the Tax Court, the causes of disputes, methods and techniques of tax audits used for the examination of Corporate Income Tax on Tax Court Appeal Decisions, and how the relationship between these factors with outcome of the decision Tax Court appeal dispute over Corporate Income Tax. The study was conducted using content analysis and binomial logistic regression methods. From the results of the study, the characteristics of the taxpayer legal entities obtained were limited liability companies, foundations, institutions, BUT, CV, and regional companies, the types of taxpayer businesses found were manufacturing, services, trade, and agrarian-mining. The causes of disputes that found were consisted of 6 causes of disputes with differences of opinion in recognition of supporting evidence/transaction documents were the most causes of disputes. In addition it was also found that the most disputed subject matter was the correction of business costs. The inspection method used is the direct and indirect method. The inspection technique used consists of 17 types of techniques with the use of information as the most widely used technique. The logistic regression test results found two variables that had a significant direct effect on the outcome of the decision, namely, the cause of the dispute due to legislation and the basis for the cancellation due to the method used."

"Exploring the nature and role of environmental management, covering key principles, practices, tools, strategies and policies, this work focuses on sustainable development. It covers topics such as key resources under stress, environmental management tools, climate change and urban environmental management."

"Laporan magang ini membahas mengenai evaluasi atas prosedur audit substantif test of details akun perpajakan yang dilakukan Tim Audit KAP XYZ. Evaluasi dibagi atas empat tahapan yaitu: meminta data kepada klien, mengisi lead schedule, melakukan vouching, rekapitulasi, dan balance test serta melakukan rekonsiliasi. Selain itu, dibahas juga temuan audit akun perpajakan berupa perbedaan nominal atas saldo pajak dibayar dimuka PPh Pasal 22 dan Pajak Masukan (VAT IN) serta pajak terutang PPh Pasal 23 dan Pajak Keluaran (VAT OUT) yang ada di general ledger klien dengan hasil rekaptulasi auditor. Atas temuan audit tersebut, dilakukan rekonsiliasi yang bertujuan untuk mengoreksi salah saji tersebut.. Setelah melaksanakan seluruh prosedur audit diketahui bahwa prosedur audit substantif test of details akun perpajakan yang dilakukan oleh Tim Audit KAP XYZ telah sesuai dengan International Standard on Auditing (ISA) serta teori yang ada di dalam Messier, Glover, Prawitt (2019) dan Arens at al (2017). Selama kegiatan magang kemampuan teknis (hardskill) yang dilatih adalah terampil dalam mengoperasikan Microsoft Excel yang diperlukan ketika proses pengerjaan berbagai jenis kertas kerja. Sedangkan dalam bidang non teknis (softskill), dilatih untuk dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik kepada senior serta klien, melakukan manajemen waktu, dan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Selama kegiatan magang berlangsung, disadari bahwa ilmu audit, akuntansi, dan pajak yang dimiliki masih sangat minim. Oleh karena itu, untuk jangka panjang akan mengikuti berbagai pelatihan terkait dalam rangka menambah kemampuan ilmu audit, akuntansi, dan pajak.

---

This internship report discusses the evaluation of the test of details tax account substantive audit procedures carried out by the XYZ KAP Audit Team. The evaluation is divided into four stages, namely: requesting data from the client, filling in the lead schedule, conducting vouching, recapitulation, and balance tests as well as reconciliation. In addition, the audit findings of taxation accounts were also discussed in the form of nominal differences on the balance of prepaid income tax Article 22 and Input Tax (VAT IN) as well as taxes payable for Income Tax Article 23 and Output Tax (VAT OUT) in the client's general ledger with the results of the auditor's recapitulation. . Based on the audit findings, a reconciliation was carried out with the aim of correcting the misstatements. After carrying out all audit procedures, it was found that the substantive audit procedures for the test of details of tax accounts carried out by the XYZ KAP Audit Team were in accordance with the International Standard on Auditing (ISA) and the theory in Messier, Glover, Prawitt (2019) and Arens at al (2017). During the internship, the technical skills (hard skills) that are trained are skilled in operating Microsoft Excel which is required when working on various types of working papers. While in the non-technical field (soft skills), they are trained to be able to communicate well with seniors and clients, perform time management, and critical thinking skills. During the internship, it was realized that the knowledge of auditing, accounting, and taxation was still very minimal. Therefore, in the long term, they will participate in various related trainings in order to increase their audit, accounting, and tax skills."

"ABSTRACTTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara aspek social identity dan komitmen pemeriksa pajak terhadap hasil pemeriksaan pajak. Responden adalah pemeriksa pajak di lingkungan Kanwil DJP Wajib Pajak Besar yang meliputi KPP Wajib Pajak Besar Satu, KPP Wajib Pajak Besar Dua, KPP Wajib Pajak Besar Tiga dan KPP Wajib Pajak Besar Empat. Aspek social identity yang dilakukan pengukuran hanya dibatasi pada aspek nasionalisme, religiusitas dan pendidikan. Sementara itu komitmen digunakan sebagai variable intervening untuk mengukur kualitas hasil pemeriksaan. Untuk menyederhanakan penelitian, kualitas hasil pemeriksaan juga dibatasi sebatas pada jumlah realisasi Surat Ketetapan Pajak yang dibayar. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa aspek social identity memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen. Penelitian juga memberikan informasi bahwa jika dilihat secara parsial, tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara nasionalisme dan religiusitas terhadap hasil pemeriksaan, tetapi jika dilihat secara simultan, ketiga aspek social identity ini memengaruhi hasil pemeriksaaan secara signifikan melalui komitmen sebagai variabel intervening.

---

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine effect between social identity aspects and commitment tax auditor toward tax examination. Tests using a sample of respondents on the tax auditor in Large Taxpayers Regional Office, Directorate General of Taxes include LTO One, LTO Two, LTO Three and LTO Four. Measurement of social identity aspect are limited on aspects of nationalism, religiousity and education. Meanwhile aspect of commitment is used as an intervening variable in measuring the quality of the examination results. To simplify the study, quality of examination results is also limited extent on the number of Tax Assessment Letter paid ones. The results of this study provide information that social identity aspects has a significant influence on commitment. The study also provides information that nasionalism and religiousity didn rsquo t give significant effect to examination result, if viewed partially. But simultaneously, these three aspects of social identitity significantly affect the examination results through a commitment as an intervening variable. "

"Mekanisme pengembalian kembali pajak Pertambahan Nilai pada industri hulu migas mengalami perubahan yang signifikan sejak PMK No. 218 Tahun 2014 diberlakukan. Tambahan persyaratan dokumen pengajuan pengembalian kembaliPPN seperti SKF, SKPN dan konfirmasi faktur pajak dari DJP membuat prosedur pengembalian kembali PPN menjadi lebih lama dari sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi prosedur pengembalian kembali PPN Migas berdasar PMK 218 Tahun 2014 di PT X. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam untuk pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pengembalian kembali PT X harus melalui lima tahap yaitu penyiapan surat permohonan kembali PPN, verifikasi dokumen oleh SKK Migas dan konfirmasi DJP, penelitian terhadap surat permintaan pengembalian kembali PPN oleh DJA, pengeluaran surat perintah pembayaran, dan pencairan dana dari rekening migas. Namun, dalam proses pengimplementasiannya PT X mengalami permasalahan seperti birokrasi yang terlalu panjang.

---

The mechanism of reimbursement of Value Added Tax on the upstream oil and gas experienced a significant change since the PMK No. 218 of 2014 was enforced. Additional requirements filing documents VAT reimbursement such as SKF, SKPN, and confirmation tax invoice from the DJP make VAT reimbursement procedures become longer. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the VAT reimbursement procedure based on PMK 218 2014. This qualitative research used in-depth interview as data collection technique.

As the result, there are five stages that has to be passed in the procedure. The stages are preparation of VAT returns documents, documents verification by SKK Migas and confirmation by DJP, study of VAT reimbursement's letter of request by DJA, the issue of a payment order, and funds disbursement from oil and gas account. However, there are some problems in the implementation, long bureaucracy is one of them."

"Manusia sedang berada dalam era Antroposen: suatu masa dimana kegiatan umat manusia menjadi faktor utama dalam perubahan dan permasalahan lingkungan. Meskipun istilah Antroposen sendiri banyak mendapatkan berbagai kritik dan memunculkan berbagai pertanyaan, sebagai “antropos” dari Antroposen, keberadaan istilah ini memicu manusia untuk bertanggung jawab dan mengambil aksi atas krisis lingkungan yang terjadi di dunia. Prinsip sustainable development merupakan salah satu prinsip yang dicanangkan untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan manusia akan perkembangan ekonomi (development) dan disaat yang bersamaan melindungi lingkungan melalui konservasi, agar generasi di masa depan tetap dapat menikmati sumber daya alam yang ada sebagaimana manusia di generasi sekarang (sustainable). Meskipun demikian, di era Antroposen, semua hal perlu dilihat secara realistis, termasuk sustainable development. Skripsi ini menunjukkan beberapa kekurangan yang terdapat dalam prinsip sustainable development yang belum dapat menjawab kegelisahan di era Antroposen. Lebih jauh lagi, skripsi ini juga akan membahas mengenai prinsip non-regression sebagai salah satu sarana agar sustainable development tetap relevan di masa Antroposen. Sebagai studi kasus, akan dibahas mengenai partisipasi masyarakat dalam AMDAL di Indonesia, khususnya setelah Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja. Dalam studi kasus, partisipasi masyarakat dapat dilihat sebagai aspek perlindungan lingkungan, simbolisme sustainability, serta UUCK yang dibuat untuk kepentingan ekonomi sebagai aspek development. Skripsi ini akan melihat tendensi regresi dalam partisipasi masyarakat dalam AMDAL di Indonesia setelah UUCK.

---

We are in the Anthropocene era: a time when human activities are the main factor in environmental change and problems. Although the term Anthropocene itself has received many criticisms and raised various questions, as the "anthropos" of the Anthropocene, the existence of this term urges humans to take responsibility and take action on environmental crises that is occurring. The principle of sustainable development is one of the principles proclaimed to meet the needs for economic development and at the same time protect the environment through conservation, so that future generations can still enjoy existing natural resources as humans today. However, in the Anthropocene era, everything needs to be seen realistically, including sustainable development. This thesis shows several shortcomings in the principles of sustainable development that have not been able to answer environmental problems especially the Anthropocene era. Furthermore, this thesis will also discuss the principle of non-regression as a means to keep sustainable development relevant in the Anthropocene period. As a case study, it will discuss community participation in Indonesia’s Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL), especially after the Omnibus Law (UUCK). In the case study, public participation can be seen as an aspect of environmental protection, a symbolism of sustainability, whereas UUCK made for economic purposes as an aspect of development. This thesis will then look at the tendency of regression in public participation in AMDAL in Indonesia after UUCK."

"The transaction price of goods, or service fees, are affected by a variety of factors such as types and quality of the goods concerned, competition, consumer demand and general economic condition. In general transaction prices constitute base prices added by the firm's margin. In the business world at a particular time transaction prices do not account for margins, with some perhaps even being found lower than the cost of goods production. However, tax authorities pay attention to related party transactions as their prices may be subject to manipulation. These prices will be set at arm's length if we compare them with those for independent parties. As a further result, the taxable income reported in tax returns of the taxpayers in question are less than what it should be. The main issue and question in the author's research are how to determine that a transaction has been conducted at arm's length and what connection can be found between the corrections made through audit and income tax revenue. The pricing set for transactions between related parties are called as transfer pricing. A related party transaction is deemed to occur when there is a link between the common and controlling shareholders, management of the parties involved, including their horizontal and vertical family relationships. One way to determine if there is an arm's length price is to compare the transfer pricing on related parties and those on unrelated parties. Some of the common approaches applied-are the comparable uncontrol price method, resale price method, cost plus method and comparable profit method.

The author surveyed the results of inspections conducted by the State Revenue Optimization Team (SROT) into related firm transactions.

From the survey, the author has found:

1. In practice it is difficult to arrive at an accurate comparative figure as the period of the audit above has been limited and data and information concerning similar firms to taxpayers are lacking. A new approach which has been employed by tax authorities in several countries for the purpose of reducing the occurrences of problems associated with the determination of transaction prices is called as the Advanced Pricing Arrangement. This method has been set out in Article 18(3a) of Law number 17 of 2000.

2. The corrections through audit into or the potential income tax revenue by SROT from the transactions conducted between taxpayers and their related parties amount to Rp 932,952,280,602. However, only Rp 51,821,609,658, or 5.55% of this amount was accepted by taxpayers. Hence, these taxpayers did want to pay a total of Rp 881,130,670,944, or 94.45%. The taxpayers then request of objection or appeals on the assessments made by the Director General of Taxation. However, the Director General of Taxation rejected these request . In addition, the Tax Court rejected appeals which amounted to Rp 4,696,385,476.

The corrections above were conducted due to the fact that:

- There has been lack of audit guidelines concerning related party transactions.

- Taxpayers are unable to make clear explanations on how they arrived at transfer pricing. In addition, the factors which cause transfer pricing vary from those affecting market prices, or the transaction prices among unrelated parties.

The author recommends as follows:

- Taxpayers should make a pricing policy whereby transaction prices are described and broken down. In addition, they should explain the factors which cause their transfer pricing to differ from market prices, or the transaction prices among unrelated company.

- Tax authorities set a comparative figure or indicator, taken from taxpayers' data bases, as a reference for auditor for the purpose of assessing transaction fairness.

- Consideration should be made to re-evaluate the fines in the form of interest payments, and penalties which are regulated in Law number 16 of 2000. Different sanctions, in the form of, for example, higher percentage or without correspondence adjustments, should be charged on taxpayers who do provide information on their related party transactions.

- Issuance of the implementation guidelines for Article 18(3a) of Law number 17 of 2000 to both taxpayers and the Directorate General of Taxation regarding agreements about the determination of transaction prices."