Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This article describes and analyzes the activities and impact of the Seikatsu Club movement in Japan, a social and political movement of Japanese women. Based on our analysis, we attempt to demonstrate the following conclusions: 1. The Seikatsu movement has been remarkable as a vehicle for recruiting and mobilizing women locally both in community activities and electoral politics. 2. For many women, participating in the public, political sphere is transformational and for a smaller minority, values and goals have been redefined and they have gained a new sense of empowerment. For the latter group of 'New Women', greater gender consciousness appears to be developing. 3. While the movement's goals and those of many individuals within it are challenging to prevailing Japanese politics and economics, there are contradictions. Organizationally, hierarchy and paternalistic male leadership have been dominant, despite the formally democratic structure. And aspects of the movement's ideology (e.g. linkage to domestic producers, non-professional housewives seeking electoral office) are profoundly conservative. 4. The movement has demonstrated considerable success at the ballot box in local areas in recent years, although its geographic scope and numerical depth remains limited. Still, it is among the few non-party groups of independents to attain increased representation at the local level. However, commitment to electoral rotation and income sharing may limit the growth of female professional politicians arising from the Seikatsu movement. 5. Seikatsu-elected proxies have achieved incremental policy impact on a number of issues at the local level and movement groups have become active as service providers and policy implementers as well through new administrative partnerships with sympathetic mayors and bureaucrats."

"Background: Nigella sativa (NS) seed extract shows diuretic activity, inhibits sympathetic nervous system overactivity and increases the production of Nitric Oxide in in vivo studies, thus it has a potential use as an adjuvant antihypertensive for elderly population. This study aimed to determine the effect of Nigella sativa seed extract to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of elderly patients with hypertension. Methods: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted on elderly subjects with hypertension in three outpatient clinics in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta Indonesia from June to September 2011. Subjects were divided into intervention group given 300 mg Nigella sativa seed extract twice daily for 28 days and into another group which was given placebo. Blood pressure were measured on day 1 and 28. Intention o treat analysis using unpaired t-test to compare blood pressure after intervention between the two groups was performed. Results: of a total of 85 patients, 76 subjects fulfilled the study criteria and were randomized into 2 groups, with 38 subjects in each group. Both groups were comparable in all important prognostic factors. The mean systolic blood pressure of the NS group was decreased from 160.4 (SD 15.7) mmHg to 145.8 (SD 19.8) mmHg, and from 160.9 (16.3) mmHg to 147.53 (SD 22.0) mmHg in the placebo group (p=0.36). The mean diastolic blood pressure in the NS group was decreased from 78.3 (SD 11.9) to 74.4 (SD 8.2) mmHg, and from 79.0 (SD 12.4) to 78.2 (SD 8.9) in the placebo group (p=0.35). Reported adverse events include dyspepsia in 6 subjects (15.7%), nausea in 3 subjects (7.8%), and constipation in 2 subjects (5.2%). No electrolyte abnormalities, liver and renal toxicities, or orthostatic hypotension were observed. Conclusion: although a trend towards a slight decrease in blood pressure was observed, Nigella sativa has not been proven to be effective in reducing blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension.

---

Latar belakang: ekstrak biji Nigella sativa (NS) pada penelitian in vivo menunjukkan potensi sebagai anti hipertensi karena memiliki efek diuretik, meningkatkan produksi Oksida Nitrit dan menghambat overaktivitas sistem saraf simpatis, sehingga potensial digunakan sebagai obat anti hipertensi pada pasien usia lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak biji NS pada perubahan tekanan darah sistolik (TDS) dan tekanan darah diastolik (TDD) pasien usia lanjut dengan hipertensi.

Metode: dilakukan uji klinis acak tersamar ganda mulai Juni hingga September 2011 terhadap 76 pasien usia lanjut dengan hipertensi di tiga poliklinik di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta Indonesia. Dengan alokasi tersamar, subyek dibagi menjadi kelompok yang mendapat kapsul berisi ekstrak biji NS 300 mg sebanyak 2 kali sehari selama 28 hari dan kelompok yang mendapat plasebo. Tekanan darah (TD) diukur pada hari ke-1 dan ke-28. Dilakukan analisis dengan uji-t tidak berpasangan untuk melihat perbedaan tekanan darah pada kedua kelompok setelah intervensi dengan prinsip analisis intention to treat. Hasil: dari 85 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria awal, didapatkan 76 subjek yang sesuai kriteria penelitian dan dirandomisasi menjadi dua kelompok, masing-masing terdiri dari 38 subjek. Pada akhir pengamatan, TDS kelompok NS turun dari 160,4 (SD 15,7) menjadi 145,8 (SD 19,8) mmHg and pada plasebo turun dari 160,9 (SD 16,3) menjadi 147,53 (SD 22,0) mmHg (p=0,36). TDD pada kelompok NS turun dari 78,3 (SD 11,9) menjadi 74,4 (SD 8,2) dan pada kelompok plasebo turun dari 79,0 (SD 12,4) menjadi 78,2 (SD 8,9) mmHg. Efek simpang yang dilaporkan adalah dispepsia pada 6 subjek (15,7%), mual pada 3 subjek (7,8%) dan konstipasi pada 2 subjek (5,2%). Tidak didapatkan gangguan elektrolit, gangguan fungsi ginjal, hati, maupun hipotensi ortostatik. Kesimpulan: meskipun menunjukkan kecenderungan penurunan tekanan darah, Nigella sativa belum terbukti dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pasien usia lanjut dengan hipertensi"

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Hipoksia adalah kondisi dimana jaringan tubuh mengalami kekurangan oksigen. Hal ini dapat memicu pembentukan radikal bebas dan menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan. Antioksidan, contohnya enzim katalase diketahui memiliki kemampuan untuk menanggulangi radikal bebas. Enzim katalase berperan untuk mengubah hidrogen peroksida menjadi air dan oksigen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase pada jaringan otak tikus yang mengalami hipoksia sistemik berkelanjutan. Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kontrol dan 4 kelompok perlakuan yang dipaparkan pada kondisi hipoksia sistemik selama 1, 3, 5, dan 7 hari. Aktivitas spesifik katalase pada jaringan otak tikus kemudian diukur menggunakan spektorofotometer. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji one way ANOVA. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas spesifik katalase menurun pada 3 hari pertama secara bertahap dan meningkat secara bertahap pula pada hari selanjutnya, ke 5 dan 7. Akan tetapi tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna (p > 0.05, p= 0.293) diantara semua kelompok. Kesimpulan: aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan otak pada penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan perubahan secara signifikan pada keadaan hipoksia sistemik berkelanjutkan.

---

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Hypoxia is a condition of deprivation oxygen supply to the tissue. This condition leads to the formation of free radical and further lead to the tissue damage. Antioxidant, such as catalase enzyme, was known for its ability counter the free radical. Catalase enzyme works by converting hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The aim of this study is to observe the specific activity of catalase enzyme in brain tissue of rats exposed to continuous systemic hypoxia. Methods: This study used 15 rats that was divided into 5 groups: the control, and 4 experimental groups that were exposed with hypoxia for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The specific activity of catalase in brain tissue was then measured with spectrophotometer. The data were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA test. Result: A steady decreased of specific activity of catalase in the first 3 days of exposure and then increase in the 5th and 7th days.. There were no significance differences between all groups (p>0.05, p=0.293 ). Conclusion: It is concluded that the specific activity of catalase in brain tissue of rats showed no significant changes during continuous systemic hypoxia."

"This volume acquaints the non-neuropathologist with the advantages of clinical-radiologic-pathologic correlation in neuropathology specimens, particularly in the intra-operative consultation. As a good cytology preparation can add to, or even supply in isolation, a diagnosis, this volume covers the enormous and sometimes insurmountable artifacts involved with freezing tissue, especially central nervous system tissue. The text presents how to perform, and stain the cytologic preparations, and how to interpret them. The advantages and disadvantages of both frozen sections and cytologic preparations of various kinds are discussed. The presentation and format is very visual with diagrams, tables, with many figures including pearls and pitfalls and therefore easy reading.An introductory chapter presents the pros and cons of cytology, the advantages and disadvantages of frozen sections, and the artifacts in both. Also included is an argument for knowing what the scans reveal, and the impact of relevant patient history. The volume uses a case-based approach to show correlation between scan, history, frozen section and cytologic preparations.With the combination of extensive correlation of scans, cytology, and frozen section with differential diagnosis, and analysis of the information crucial to the neurosurgeon in a case-based approach and with a special chapter written by a neuroradiologist, this volume is unique in presentation and utility and will be of great value to the trainee in pathology (residents/fellows), and practicing pathologists who include neuropathology in their practice, but do not have formal fellowship training in neuropathology."

"Nyeri punggung bawah acute merupakan keluhan terbanyak kelima di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di Amerika Serikat, dan 30% berkembang menjadi nyeri kronis. Sebesar 60-90% penduduk Amerika Serikat mempunyai keluhan nyeri punggung bawah, dan 50% diantaranya mengeluhkan nyeri yang berulang dalam satu tahun. Nyeri punggung bawah memiliki efek psikologis dan sosial terhadap pasien. Secara ekonomi nyeri punggung bawah ini membebani negara terkait biaya yang harus dikeluarkan dalam penanganan nyeri punggung bawah. Penilaian derajat nyeri penting dilakukan pada setiap pasien dengan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah dan American Pain Society menetapkan menyertakan nyeri sebagai tanda vital kelima dalam pemeriksaan terhadap nyeri punggung bawah sejak tahun 1990. Penilaian terhadap nyeri memberikan informasi yang lebih baik terhadap efek terapi, atau keberhasilan dari terapi nyeri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil evaluasi derajat nyeri dengan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pada kasus nyeri punggung bagian bawah (low back pain) yang mendapat intervensi nyeri di Departemen Bedah Saraf RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta tahun 2012 -2014. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain Cross Sectional Analitik, terhadap data sekunder berupa data rekam medis pasien dengan kasus nyeri punggung bawah yang berkunjung ke poliklinik Bedah Saraf Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, dalam periode tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2014. Responden dalam penelitian ini berusia 17 tahun ke atas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat.Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh 57,2% pasien nyeri punggung bawah yang mendapat intervensi nyeri berusia 40 - 59 tahun, dan 52,4% diantaranya berjenis kelamin perempuan. Dari hasil pemeriksaan MRI didapatkan 66,7% dengan gambaran protrusion diskus dengan penekanan. Sebesar 71,4% pasien mendapatkan terapi kombinasi LESI dan MBN dan 95,2% pasien yang mendapatkan intervensi nyeri mengalami perbaikan skala nyeri dan dapat bertahan sampai dengan 1 tahun. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gambaran MRI dengan prosedur intervensi nyeri dan jenis nyeri, tapi terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis nyeri dengan prosedur intervensi nyeri.

---

Acute lower back pain is the fifth most complaints in health care facilities in the United States, and 30% develop into chronic pain. Amounting to 60-90% of the US population has low back pain, and 50% of them complained of recurring pain in one year. Lower back pain has psychological and social effects on patients. Economically lower back pain is related to the state burdening costs to be incurred in the treatment of lower back pain. Assessment of the degree of pain is important in any patient with low back pain and the American Pain Society set to include pain as the fifth vital sign in the examination of lower back pain since 1990. Assessment of pain provide better information to the therapeutic effect, or the success of therapy pain.

This study aims to know the results of the evaluation of the degree of pain with Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) in the case of lower back pain (low back pain) who received the intervention of pain in the Department of Neurosurgery Cipto Mangunkusumo in 2012 -2014. The study was conducted using Analytical cross sectional design, due to the secondary data from medical records of patients with low back pain who visited the clinic Neurosurgery Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta, in the period of 2012 to 2014. The respondents in this study aged 17 above. Analysis of data using univariate and bivariate analyzes. From the analysis of the data obtained 57.2% of patients with low back pain who received the intervention pain aged 40-59 years, and 52.4% of them were female.

From the results obtained 66.7% of MRI examinations with a disc protrusion with 71.4% of patients receive combination therapy LESI and MBN and 95.2% of patients who received the pain intervention experienced decreasing scale of pain scale and last up to 1 year. Multivariate analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between MRI image with pain interventional procedures and types of pain, but there is a significant relationship between the type of pain with pain interventional procedures."

"Jabatan Bupati merupakan jabatan birokrasi yang sah dan bersifat monopolitis dalam mengangkat atau memberhentikan pejabat yang ada dalam wilayah kewenangannya. Pengangkatan tersebut ditentukan berdasarkan perbandingan objektif antara kompetensi, kualifikasi, serta persyaratan yang dibutuhkan untuk jabatan tersebut. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh Bupati dan stafnya yang memanfaatkan kewenangan yang dimiliki untuk melakukan jual-beli jabatan, yang mana kerjasama antara Bupatidan stafnya dalam jual-beli jabatan ini digunakan mereka untuk meraihkeuntungan pribadi. Tulisan ini disusun untuk menganalisis kasus jual beli jabatan yang dilakukan oleh Bupati dan staf di kabupaten X dengan menggunakan konsep occupational criminal behavior.

---

The position of regent is a legal bureaucratic position that monopolistic in nature on appointing or dismissing officials in their jurisdictions.The appointment is determined based on an objective comparison between competencies, qualifications, and requirements needed for the position. However, in its implementation there were violations committed by the regent and his staff who made use of their authority to carry out the sale of said positions, in which cooperation between the regent and his staff in buying and selling these positions is used by them to gain personal gain. This paper is made to analyze the case of buying and selling of positions carried out by the regents and his staff in district X using the concepts of criminal behavior."