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"Latar BelakangAlat genital perempuan merupakan komponen penting dalam sistem reproduksi yang sering diabaikan dalam penelitian. Studi terdahulu menunjukkan rendahnya pemahaman tentang anatomi genitalia perempuan, baik di kalangan masyarakat umum maupun profesional medis. Kurangnya pemahaman ini berdampak pada perilaku kesehatan, pengambilan keputusan medis, dan persepsi diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan perempuan Indonesia terhadap anatomi genital mereka. MetodeData penelitian ini diambil pada Oktober 2024 melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan secara daring ke perempuan di seluruh Indonesia. Hasil kuesioner dianalisis dengan deskriptif untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, pengaruh sosial media, dan citra diri perempuan di Indonesia terhadap genitalia mereka.HasilDari 166 perempuan di Indonesia yang mengisi kuesioner, didominasi usia 18-25 tahun sebesar 67,5%, serta dominasi tingkat pendidikan lulusan SMA (47,6%) dan lulusan S1 (45,8%). Persebaran daerah jika dilihat dari domisili 37 provinsi di Indonesia, kecuali Sumatera Selatan. Cakupan daerah tinggal mencakup 89 kota/kabupaten dan 57 suku di Indonesia. Pada pengetahuan jumlah lubang genitalia eksternal tidak ada yang menjawab 0 dan 49,4% menjawab dengan benar (3 lubang). Pada pengetahuan anatomi genitalia eksternal, 57,2% responden mendapatkan skor 7 (semua benar). Ditemukan bahwa pengetahuan anatomi genitali 70,5% perempuan di Indonesia dipengaruhi sosial media. Citra diri terhadap genitalia perempuan di Indonesia tinggi pada 97,6%, sisanya berada pada kategori rendah dengan skor 12/14 dari 28.KesimpulanPengetahuan anatomi genitalia pada perempuan Indonesia masih kurang optimal, dengan 50,6% responden salah mengidentifikasi jumlah lubang, meski 57,2% menunjukkan pemahaman anatomi yang baik secara umum. Media sosial berperan besar (70,5%) dalam pengetahuan anatomi, dan mayoritas (97,6%) memiliki citra diri positif. Usia dan pendidikan tidak mempengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan maupun citra diri secara signifikan.

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Introduction

Female genitalia are essential components of the reproductive system often overlooked in research. Previous studies indicate poor understanding of female genital anatomy, both among the general public and medical professionals. This lack of understanding impacts health behaviors, medical decision-making, and self-perception. This study aims to assess Indonesian women's knowledge of their genital anatomy.

Method

Data was collected in October 2024 through an online questionnaire distributed to women across Indonesia. The questionnaire results were analyzed descriptively to determine knowledge levels, social media influence, and Indonesian women's self-image regarding their genitalia.

Results

Of 166 Indonesian women respondents, 67.5% were aged 18-25 years, with educational backgrounds predominantly high school graduates (47.6%) and bachelor's degree holders (45.8%). Geographic distribution covered 37 provinces in Indonesia, except South Sumatra, spanning 89 cities/districts and 57 ethnic groups. Regarding external genitalia openings knowledge, none answered zero, and 49.4% correctly identified three openings. For external genital anatomy knowledge, 57.2% of respondents scored perfectly (7/7). Social media influenced 70.5% of Indonesian women's genital anatomy knowledge. Self-image regarding genitalia was high in 97.6% of respondents, with others scoring 12/14 dari 28 in the low category.

Conclusion

Knowledge of genital anatomy among Indonesian women remains suboptimal, with 50.6% incorrectly identifying the number of openings, although 57.2% demonstrated good general anatomical understanding. Social media plays a significant role (70.5%) in anatomical knowledge, and the majority (97.6%) maintain positive self-image. Age and education did not significantly influence knowledge levels or self-image."

"Diagnosis strok sering ditegakkan berdasarkan pembuktian klinis dengan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan klinis neurologis saja. Akan tetapi gambaran klinis yang ditemukan tidaklah selalu sama, seringkali bervariasi sehingga diagnosa topis tidak selalu tepat. Diteliti hubungan antara gambaran klinis dengan topografi anatomi/ tipe infark pada CT-sken otak pad a penderita strok iskemik. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara prospektif, "cross sectional" dan bersifat deskriptif analitik. Populasi adalah penderita strok iskernik kejadian pertama berusia 40 tahun dan 65 tahun yang dirawat di ruang perawatan klas III RSUPN-CM Jakarta. Sejak bulan April sampai dengan Juli 1996, didapatkan 52 kasus strok iskemik kejadian pertama. Terdiri dari 34 laki-laki (65,3%) dan perempuan 18 (34,7%) dengan rasio laki : perempuan adalah 1,9 : 1 . Strok trombosis ditemukan terbanyak yaitu 93,9% sedangkan strok emboli 6,1 %. Dari 52 penderita yang diteliti, didapatkan basil CT-sken otak adalah 29 (59,2 %) berupa infark tentorial , 20 (40,8%) adalah infark lakunar, hanya satu kasus ditemukan berupa infark watershed dan dua lainnya dengan infark multipel. Pada pemeriksaan CT otak pertama, dua kasus tidak memperlihatkan adanya gambaran infark sehingga dilakukan pemeriksaan CT otak yang kedua yaitu antara hari ke 7 - 10 , didapatkan hasil berupa infark lakunar pada kedua kasus tersebut. Hemihipatesis ringan ditemukan pada 44,8% strok dengan tipe infark tentorial dan 70 % pada strok lakunar. Hemihipatesis berat hanya ditemukan pada strok dengan tipe infark tentorial. Hemihipestesi ditemukan 55,2% pada strok tipe tentorial dan 75 % pada strok tipe lakunar. Afasis hanya ditemukan pada strok tent

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The diagnosis of stroke is often made based on clinical evidence with anamnesis and neurological clinical examination alone. However, the clinical picture found is not always the same, it often varies so that the diagnosis of topis is not always correct. The relationship between clinical features and anatomical topography/type of infarction on brain CT scans in ischemic stroke sufferers was studied. This research was conducted prospectively, "cross sectional" and is descriptive analytic in nature. The population was first-time iskernic stroke sufferers aged 40 years and 65 years who were treated in class III treatment rooms at RSUPN-CM Jakarta. From April to July 1996, there were 52 cases of first-occurrence ischemic stroke. Consisting of 34 men (65.3%) and 18 women (34.7%) with a male: female ratio of 1.9: 1. The highest number of thrombotic strokes was found, namely 93.9%, while embolic strokes were 6.1%. Of the 52 patients studied, brain CT scan results showed that 29 (59.2%) were tentorial infarctions, 20 (40.8%) were lacunar infarctions, only one case was found to be a watershed infarction and the other two were multiple infarctions. In the first brain CT examination, two cases did not show any signs of infarction so a second brain CT examination was carried out, namely between days 7 - 10, the results were lacunar infarcts in both cases. Mild hemihypathesis was found in 44.8% of tentorial strokes and 70% of lacunar strokes. Severe hemihypathesis is only found in strokes with tentorial infarction type. Hemihypesthesia was found in 55.2% of tentorial type strokes and 75% of lacunar type strokes. Aphasis is only found in tentorial strokes."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Pilihan utama terapi kondilomata akuminata KA di Poliklinik Divisi Infeksi Menular Seksual Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM adalah tingtur podofilin 25 yang mengharuskan pasien untuk datang ke rumah sakit secara teratur. Larutan kalium hidroksida KOH 5 merupakan alternatif terapi yang dapat dilakukan sendiri oleh pasien di rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas dan efek samping terapi topikal larutan KOH 5 dibandingkan dengan tingtur podofilin 25 pada KA genitalia eksterna dan/atau perianus. Metode: Uji klinis acak terbuka paralel tidak berpasangan terhadap 50 subyek penelitian SP. Pada kelompok KOH kelompok K dilakukan aplikasi terapi setiap hari oleh pasien sendiri di rumah, sedangkan pada kelompok podofilin kelompok P dilakukan aplikasi oleh dokter satu kali seminggu. Evaluasi dilakukan setiap minggu selama enam minggu. Hasil: Respons terapi baik pada kelompok K adalah 56 dan kelompok P adalah 64 . Secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok p= 0,468. Efek samping pada kedua kelompok berupa rasa gatal, nyeri, eritema dan erosi yang sifatnya sementara dan dapat ditoleransi. Efek samping tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik. Kesimpulan: Larutan KOH 5 dapat dijadikan alternatif pengobatan KA yang dapat diaplikasikan sendiri oleh pasien.

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Background and objectives: 25 podophyllin tincture, a first line therapy in Sexually Transmitted Division of Dermatology and Venereology Department Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM , requires patient to come regularly to the health facilities, while a 5 potassium hydroxide KOH solution is an alternative therapy that can be done byself. This study compares the effectiveness and side effects of 5 KOH solution and 25 podophyllin tincture in the treatment of external genitalia and or perianal condylomata acuminata.

Methods: A randomized open controlled trial on 50 patients. In the KOH group, patients were instructed to apply the medication at home byself to the lesions once daily, while in the podophyllin group the doctor applying the medication once weekly. The evaluation was performed every week for six weeks.

Results: Good response was achieved by 56 and 64 in KOH and podophyllin groups, respectively. No statistical difference between groups p 0,468. Side effect in both groups includes a temporary pruritus, pain, erythema and erosion. No statistical difference in side effect between groups.

Conclusion: A 5 potassium hydroxide solution is a self applied alternative treatment for condylomata acuminata. "

"ABSTRACT

Compared to what exists for other countries publications on the demographic characteristics of the population of Indonesia are very scanty, based on out-dated material and not much knows to the outside world. Many studies were carried out based on the data provided by the 1930 Census, which gave however very vague information on the age distribution of the Indonesian population. The last census, held in 1961, which was programmed as a "modern" census and should show many improvement in presenting demographic data of the Indonesian population, stalled in the stage of tabulating and publishing the result, due to political and economic disturbances in the sixties which affected the normal continuation of the intended work.

The purpose of this study is to explore as for as possible the implications of the demographic characteristics of the Indonesia population for the labor force and the school-going population of the country in the years ahead, by using the hitherto published material of the last census and demographic survey. This implies that it will not cover all of the exceedingly complex aspects of the consequences of the population characteristic, but will try to explain the possible effects of population dynamics on the future development of certain limited sections of the Indonesia population only.

The study will be divided in the following parts:

1. Geography and census history of Indonesia in brief outline.

2. Some notes on the collection of demographic data in Indonesia.

3. A discussion of the age composition of the population in Indonesia.

4. Age at marriage in Indonesia.

5. Estimates of basic demographic parameters of the population in Indonesia as of about 1960.

6. Population projections for Indonesia and its regions, from 1961 to 2001.

7. The Labor force in Indonesia.

8. Estimating the composition of the future power of Indonesia.

9. Estimating the future school-going population in Indonesia.

10. Summary and conclusion remarks."

"ABSTRACTFormalin merupakan larutan yang mengandung 37-50% formaldehid yang digunakan dalam pembalseman kadaver.1,2 Mahasiswa kedokteran secara rutin mengikuti praktikum anatomi dan akan terpapar oleh formaldehid yang memiliki efek jangka pendek dan jangka panjang yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan.3-6 Paparan terus menerus dapat membuat tubuh beradaptasi sehingga jika terjadi paparan formalin yang berlebihan bisa terabaikan.7,8 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya keluhan pada mahasiswa akibat paparan formalin selama mengikuti praktikum anatomi dan ada tidaknya perbedaan keluhan fisik secara subjektif antara mahasiswa yang baru pertama kali dan mahasiswa lama yang sudah berulang kali terpapar formaldehid selama mengikuti praktikum anatomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Data diambil di Departemen Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia pada bulan Mei-Juni 2012 dengan membagikan kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan mengenai keluhan subjektif yang dirasakan responden selama mengikuti praktikum anatomi. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia angkatan 2010 yang sedang mengikuti praktikum anatomi Modul Kardiovaskular dan angkatan 2011 yang sedang mengikuti praktikum anatomi Modul Neurosains. Hasilnya menunjukkan 96.3% mahasiswa mengeluhkan keluhan mata, 86.5% mengeluhkan keluhan hidung, 67.3% mengeluhkan keluhan tenggorokan dan 98% mengeluhkan keluhan lainnya.Hasil uji analisis dengan chi square keluhan subjektif antara mahasiswa lama dan baru yang muncul akibat paparan formalin selama mengikuti praktikum anatomi menunjukkan nilai p>0.05 pada keluhan subjektif mata, hidung, tenggorokan dan keluhan lainnya. Disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna keluhan subjektif yang muncul akibat paparan formalin selama mengikuti praktikum anatomi antara mahasiswa lama dan baru.

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ABSTRACTFormalin is a solution containing 37-50% of formaldehyde used in embalming cadavers.1,2 Medical students routinely follows the anatomy lab and will be exposed to formaldehyde in cadavers. Exposure to formaldehyde has the effect of short-term and long-term subjective complaints which hazardous for one's health3-6. Continuous exposure can make the body adapt so that the body will neglect and no longer able to responds to excessive exposure to formalin.7,8 The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a complaint from the students as a result of exposure to formaldehyde during the anatomy lab session. This study also monitored the presence or absence of differences in subjective physical complaints between first-time students, who had never been exposed to formaldehyde before, and senior students, who have been repeatedly exposed to formaldehyde during the anatomy lab session. This study used a cross-sectional study design. Data was taken at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia(FMUI) in May-June 2012 with distributing a questionnaire containing questions about subjective complaints that respondents felt during the anatomy lab session. Questionnaires were distributed to FMUI’s students 2010 who were following the Cardiovascular anatomy lab module and class of 2011 who were following the Neuroscience anatomy lab module. The results showed 96.3% of the students complained of eye complaints, 86.5% complained of nasal complaints, 67.3% complained of throat complaints and 98% complained of other types of complaints. The chi square test analysis with subjective complaints between senior and new students arising from exposure to formaldehyde during the anatomy showed p > 0.05 on the subjective complaints of the eyes, nose, throat and other complaints. It was concluded that there was no significant differences in subjective complaints arising from exposure to formaldehyde between the senior and new students during the anatomy lab session"