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"Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara risiko perbankan terhadap kinerja asuransi selama periode kebijakan restrukturisasi kredit perbankan di Indonesia sampai dengan Maret 2024. Variabel kredit, non performing loan (NPL), dan suku bunga kredit digunakan sebagai proksi dari risiko perbankan. Adapun kinerja perusahaan asuransi umum diproksikan melalui premi kredit, klaim kredit, dan laba sebelum pajak. Melalui analisis multiple regression dengan menggunakan ordinary least squares (OLS), penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari risiko perbankan terhadap kinerja asuransi umum selama periode kebijakan restrukturisasi kredit perbankan. Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa risiko kredit perbankan yang terdiri dari variabel kredit, NPL, dan suku bunga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap premi, klaim, dan laba sebelum pajak perusahaan asuransi. Hubungan antara perbankan dan asuransi dapat berupa hubungan komplementer ataupun subtitusi, bergantung dari seberapa penting transfer risiko dan alokasi modal. Hubungan ini diharapkan dapat mendukung tercapainya co-evolution antara perbankan dan asuransi dalam menjaga stabilitas sistem keuangan di Indonesia.

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This study analyzes the relationship between banking risk and insurance performance during the period of banking credit restructuring policy in Indonesia to March 2024. Credit, non-performing loans (NPL), and credit interest rates are variables used as proxies for banking risk. The performance of general insurance companies is proxied by credit premiums, credit claims, and profit before tax. Through multiple regression analysis using ordinary least squares (OLS), this study shows that there is a significant impact of banking risk on general insurance performance during the period of credit restructuring policy. This study concludes that banking credit risk, consisting of credit variables, NPL, and interest rates, has a significant impact on premiums, claims, and profit before tax of insurance companies. The relationship between banking and insurance can be a complementary or substitution, depending on how important risk transfer and capital allocation. This relationship is expected to support the achievement of co-evolution between banking and insurance in maintaining the stability of the financial system in Indonesia."

"Dalam penelitian tesis ini menganalisis kebijakan perbankan dalam penerapan restrukturisasi kredit bagi debitur yang terdampak pandemi Covid-19 dan upaya yang dilakukan UMKM akibat wabah Covid-19 di Kota Tangerang. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian doktrinal guna memberikan penjelasan secara sistematis terkait aturan hukum. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari bahan hukum kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa kebijakan perbankan dalam penerapan restrukturisasi kredit bagi debitur yang terdampak pandemi Covid-19 adalah dengan memberikan penundaan pembayaran, pengurangan suku bunga, dan perpanjangan pinjaman. Meski membantu sejumlah debitur, kebijakan ini menemui hambatan dan profitabilitas bank dan risiko wanprestasi, sehingga Bank harus hati-hati dalam memberikan restrukturisasi terutama untuk UMKM. Dalam pemberiannya Bank harus mempertimbangkan kemampuan debitur membayar kembali kredit setelah pemulihan ekonomi. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan UMKM akibat wabah Covid-19 di Kota Tangerang yaitu UMKM harus beradaptasi dengan perubahan, beralih ke model online, dan memperkuat keberadaannya di platform digital. Pemerintah membantu UMKM dengan memberikan program restrukturisasi kredit untuk membantu mereka melewati dampak ekonomi pandemi. Program ini berhasil mempercepat pemulihan ekonomi, terutama di sektor UMKM di Kota Tangerang.

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In this thesis research, we analyze banking policies in implementing credit restructuring for debtor affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and the efforts made by MSMEs as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak in Tangerang City. The research method used is doctrinal research, in order to provide a systematic explanation related to the rule of law.. This research is analytical descriptive in nature using secondary data sourced from legal literatur material, then analyzed qualitatively. The research results showed that banking policy in implementing credit restructuring for debtors affected by the Covid-19 pandemic was to provide payment delays, interest rate reductions, and loan extensions. Although it helps a number of debtors, this policy encounters obstacles to bank profitability and default risk, so banks must be careful ini providing restructuring, especially for MSMEs. In granting it, the Bank must consider the debtor’s ability to repay credit after economi cecovery. The efforts made by MSMEs due to the Covid-19 outbreak in Tangerang City, MSMEs must adapt to changes, switch to online business models, and strengthen their presence on digital platforms. The government is helping MSMEs by providing credit restructuring programs to help them get through the economic impact of the pandemic. This program has succeeded in accelerating economic recovery, specifically in the MSME sector in Tangerang City."

"Penelitian ini menyelidiki dampak kebijakan relaksasi restrukturisasi kredit yang baru diterapkan di Indonesia sebagai variabel moderasi terhadap kinerja sektor perbanlan. Dengan menggunakan analisis regresi data panel pada sampel 105 bank dari tahun 2017 hingga 2022, penelitian ini menguji hubungan antma non-performing loans (NPL), cadangan kerugian penumnan nilai (CKPN), beban operasional terhadap pendapatan operasional (BOPO), dan return on assets (ROA) dengan moderasi kebijakan relaksasi restrukturisasi kedit. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ROA cenderung menurun selama penerapan kebijakan relaksasi restrukturisasi kredit. Selain itu terdapat penurunan NPL selama penerapan kebijakan restrukturisasi kredit yang menunjukkan perbaikan kualitas kredit, namun disisi lain CKPN meningkat menunjukkan bank lebih berhati-hati dan mempersiapkan diri terhadap potensi kerugian. Kebijakan relaksasi restrukturisasi kredit ditemukan memperkuat dampak negatif CKPN terhadap ROA, menunjukkan penundaan pengakuan kerugian memperburuk profitabilitas bank. Terakhir, kebijakan relaksasi restrukturisasi kredit ditemukan dapat membantu meredam dampak negatif BOPO terhadap ROA, menunjukkan adanya perbaikan dalam efisiensi operasional bank selama penerapan kebijakan relaksasi restrukturisasi kredit. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pemahaman dinamika regulasi keuangan dan memberikan wawasan bagi pembuat kebijakan dan lembaga perbankan dalam menghadapi kompleksitas pasar.

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This study investigates the impact of newly implemented credit restructuring relaxation policies in Indonesia as a moderating variable on the performance of the banking sector. Using panel data regression analysis on a sample of 105 banks from 2017 to 2022, this study examines the relationships between non-performing loans (NPL), loan loss provisions (LLP), operating expenses to operating income ratio, and return on assets (ROA) moderated by the credit restructuring relaxation policy. The findings indicate that ROA tends to decrease during the implementation of the credit restructuring relaxation policy. Furthermore, there is a decrease in NPL during the implementation of the restructuring policy, indicating an improvement in credit quality; however, LLP increases, suggesting banks are more cautious and prepared for potential losses. The policy of credit restructuring relaxation is found to strengthen the negative impact of LLP on ROA, indicating that delaying the recognition of losses worsens bank profitability. Lastly, the credit restructuring relaxation policy is found to help mitigate the negative impact of operating expenses to operating income ratio on ROA, indicating improvements in bank operational efficiency during the policy implementation. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of financial regulation and provides insights for policymakers and banking institutions in addressing market complexities."

"Bank dalam melakukan penyaluran kredit diwajibkan untuk melakukan penyediaan modal minimum dan penyisihan penghapusan aktiva untuk meminimalisir dampak kerugian dari risiko kredit sebagaimana diatur oleh Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan sebagai regulator. Kewajiban penyediaan modal tersebut dapat mengurangi kemampuan ekspansi dari bank karena terdapat modal yang harus dicadangkan oleh bank, sedangkan penyisihan penghapusan aktiva berdampak menggerus laba dari bank. Pada penelitian ini digunakan matriks transisi atas kualitas kredit debitur segmen usaha kecil sebagai metode untuk mendapatkan probability of default PD dari portfolio kredit usaha kecil. PD yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk menentukan expected losses EL yang dapat menjadi acuan besaran penyisihan yang wajib disediakan oleh bank. Sedangkan untuk menghitung modal yang harus disediakan oleh bank untuk risiko kredit, digunakan perhitungan dengan metode value at risk VaR . Untuk validasi metode tersebut dilakukan perbandingan hasil perhitungan EL dan VaR dengan actual losses yang dialami oleh bank. Perhitungan EL dan VaR menghasilkan nilai yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan perhitungan PPA dan penyediaan modal minimum bank yang existing sehingga dengan metode penelitian ini dapat menghasilkan efisiensi pada kewajiban penyediaan modal minimum dan PPA yang harus dilakukan oleh bank.

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Bank has to provide capital reserves for its credit risk and provision for loan losses to minimize potential losses from the exposure of credit risk. The capital reserves could be a factor that make bank cannot expand its business effectively. While the provision for loan losses could reduce the profitability of the bank. The research purpose is to make calculation of capital reserves and provision for loan losses more efficient with the use of credit rating transition of bank rsquo s credit portfolio SME segment to retrieve its probability of default PD , After PD is retrieved, expected losses EL can be calculated and EL represents the amount of provision of loan losses bank should provide. Meanwhile value at risk method is used for calculating the amount of capital reserve bank should provide for its credit risk. The validation of research rsquo s method is done by comparing the result of EL and VaR calculation with bank rsquo s actual losses from its default credit portfolio. The result of EL and VaR calculation shows that the method used in this research offers better efficiency in determining the amount of minimum capital reserves and provision for loan losses bank should provide."

"[ ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari diversifikasi pendapatan yang dilakukan bank umum di Indonesia terhadap risiko kredit, kecukupan modal dan profitabilitas bank tersebut. Diversifikasi pendapatan diukur dengan melihat porsi pendapatan non bunga terhadap total pendapatan. Hipotesis diuji dengan regresi panel data melalui analisis random effect model. Penelitian ini menggunakan observasi data dari 180 bank umum di Indonesia periode 2011- 2013. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi pendapatan yang dilakukan oleh bank memiliki hubungan positif dengan risiko kredit, kecukupan modal dan profitabilitas bank.

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ABSTRACT This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

;This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

, This research purposed to understand the effect of revenue diversification on credit risk, capital adequacy and profitability of commercial bank in Indonesia. Revenue diversification measured by proportion of non-interest income on total revenue. Hypothesis testing performed using panel data regression with random effect model analysis. The data of this research is 180 commercial bank in Indonesia during 2011-2013 periods. This research shown that revenue diversification has positive effect with credit risk, capital adequacy and bank profitability.

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