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"Latar Belakang: Impaksi pada gigi M3 RB adalah impaksi gigi yang paling sering ditemui. Klasifikasi angulasi impaksi gigi M3 RB umumnya bergantung pada pemeriksaan visual (subjektif) terhadap radiograf panoramik menggunakan klasifikasi Winter. Metode subjektif rentan akan variabilitas dan bias pengamat, sehingga perlu adanya metode objektif untuk mengukur angulasi impaksi gigi M3 RB menggunakan alat ukur digital yang lebih akurat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menganalisa perbedaan hasil klasifikasi impaksi M3 RB pada pasien RSKGM FKG UI antara metode subjektif dan objektif. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi retrospektif analitik, yang menggunakan data rekam medis dan radiograf panoramik pasien RSKGM FKG UI. Data subjektif dikumpulkan dari catatan dokter gigi pada rekam medis, sedangkan pengukuran objektif dilakukan oleh 2 peneliti menggunakan alat ukur digital. Data dianalisis menggunakan tabel tabulasi silang dan analisis Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Terdapat 101 kasus impaksi gigi M3 RB dari 89 pasien yang berhasil dikumpulkan, impaksi mesioangular adalah jenis yang paling umum ditemukan baik dalam analisis subjektif (53,47%) maupun objektif (76,24%). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara metode subjektif dan objektif dalam mengidentifikasi impaksi horizontal, vertikal, dan distoangular. Pada analisis subjektif, jenis impaksi horizontal banyak dilaporkan (22,77% subjektif dan 2,97% objektif), sedangkan impaksi distoangular kurang dilaporkan (2,97% subjektif dan 19,80% objektif). Kesimpulan: Ditemukan perbedaan signifikan (p = 0,000–0,012) pada angulasi impaksi gigi M3 RB antara metode subjektif dan objektif, menunjukkan pentingnya penggunaan metode objektif untuk meningkatkan akurasi diagnosis.

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Background: Mandibular third molars are regarded as the teeth most affected by impaction. Their assessment typically relies on subjective visual inspection of panoramic radiographs using classification systems such as Winter’s classification. However, these methods are prone to variability and observer bias, emphasizing the need of objective methods which offer precise, reproducible measurements using digital tools. This study addresses the gap in data by comparing subjective and objective methods in classifying mandibular third molar impactions within RSKGM FKG UI population. Methods: An analytic retrospective study was conducted using secondary data from patient medical records and panoramic radiographs at RSKGM FKG UI. Subjective assessments were performed by practitioners, and objective measurements performed by 2 practitioners utilizing digital measurement tools. Data were analyzed using crosstabulation table and Mann-Whitney analysis. Results: The study included 101 cases from 89 patients. Mesioangular impactions were the most common type in both subjective (53.47%) and objective analyses (76.24%). Significant disparities were found between subjective and objective methods in identifying horizontal, vertical, and distoangular impactions. Horizontal impactions were overestimated (22.77% subjective dan 2.97% objective), while distoangular impactions were underreported (2.97% subjective dan 19.80% objective). Conclusion: Significant disparities were found between subjective and objective methods in most pairwise comparisons (p = 0.000 – 0.012), highlighting the importance of adopting objective digital measurement tools for precise diagnosis."

"Latar Belakang: Angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi berpengaruh terhadap frekuensi timbulnya berbagai keadaan patologis di rongga mulut. Di sisi lain, jarak antara distal gigi molar 2 rahang bawah dan ascending ramus memiliki pengaruh terhadap keberhasilan erupsi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin dan suku berpotensi untuk mempengaruhi kedua hal tersebut. Tujuan: Meneliti hubungan antara angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi dan jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 rahang bawah ke ascending ramus dengan jenis kelamin dan suku. Metode: Radiograf panoramik diperoleh dari rekam medik pasien RSKGM FKG UI periode Januari 2018 – Desember 2018. Hasil perhitungan dihubungkan ke deskripsi jenis kelamin dan suku pasien yang tertera pada rekam medik. Hasil Penelitian: Hubungan antara jenis kelamin terhadap jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 ke ascending ramus menujukkan nilai p = 0.016 (p < 0.05). Hubungan antara jenis kelamin terhadap angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah menunjukkan nilai p = 0.28 (p >0.05). Hubungan antara suku terhadap jarak antara gigi molar 2 ke ascending ramus dan angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah menunjukkan nilai p >0.05. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin pasien dan jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 rahang bawah ke ascending ramus. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dan angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara suku dengan angulasi gigi molar 3 rahang bawah impaksi dan jarak dari distal gigi molar 2 ke ascending ramus.

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Background: Impacted mandibular third molar angulation is related to several pathological oral conditions. The width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus influences the likelyhood of there being an impacted mandibular third molar. Several studies suggests that both gender and ethnicity may play a role on determining the former and latter. Objective: Study the influence of patient gender and ethnicity towards impacted mandibular third molar angulation and width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus. Method: Patient medical records containing panoramic radiographs are collected. Measurements of angulation and space width are conducted using a ruler and ruler arc. Measurement results will be correlated to patient gender and ethnicity written on medical record. Result: Relationship between patient gender and width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus resulted in a p value of 0.016 (p < 0.05). Relationship between gender and mandibular third molar angulation resulted in a p value of 0.28 (p > 0.05). The impact of ethnicity towards both mandibular third molar angulation and width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus resulted in a p value higher than 0.05. Conclusion: Gender has a significant influence on the width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus. Gender and ethnicity has an insignificant influence on mandibular third molar angulation. Ethnicity has an insignificant influence on the width of space between mandibular second molar and ascending ramus."

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis adalah penyakit yang memengaruhi jaringan pendukung gigi seperti kerusakan tulang alveolar, dan diderita oleh sebagian besar populasi manusia di dunia. Periodontitis terbagi menjadi periodontitis terlokalisasi dan periodontitis menyeluruh. Dalam menentukan diagnosis penyakit periodontitis diperlukan pemeriksaan radiografis untuk mengevaluasi perubahan tinggi tulang, terutama pada tulang alveolar. Radiograf panoramik dapat digunakan dalam pemeriksaan full-mouth dengan paparan radiasi yang lebih sedikit. Tujuan: Memperoleh nilai rata-rata persentase sisa tinggi tulang alveolar gigi molar mandibular pasien periodontitis menyeluruh usia 26-50 tahun pada radiograf panoramik. Metode: Pengukuran persentase sisa tinggi tulang alveolar pada 45 sampel radiograf panoramik konvensional dan digital usia 26-50 tahun di RSKGM FKG UI. Hasil: Persentase sisa tinggi tulang alveolar pada pasien penyakit periodontitis menyeluruh dengan rentang usia 26-50 tahun sebesar 75,2% ± 10,2%. Persentase sisa tinggi tulang alveolar pada gigi molar 1 rahang bawah sebesar 72,2% ± 8,4% di permukaan mesial dan 76,4% ± 8,0% di permukaan distal, serta pada gigi molar 2 rahang bawah sebesar 76,8% ± 8,5% di permukaan mesial dan 76,5% ± 12% di permukaan distal. Rata-rata persentase permukaan mesial sebesar 73,9% dan persentase sisa tulang distal sebesar 76,5%. Kesimpulan: Persentase kehilangan tulang pada permukaan mesial gigi molar 1 dan 2 penderita periodontitis sedang/parah pada usia 26-50 tahun lebih tinggi daripada permukaan distal.

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Background: Periodontitis is a disease that affects the supporting tissue of the teeth such as alveolar bone decay and affects most of human population in the world. Periodontitis is classified into localized periodontitis and generalized periodontitis. In diagnosing periodontitis disease, radiographic examination is needed to evaluate the changes in bone height, especially in alveolar bone. Panoramic radiograph can be used in full-mouth examination with less radiation exposure.

Objective: To obtain average percentage of remaining alveolar bone of mandibular molars in generalized periodontitis patients aged 26-50 years on panoramic radiograph.

Methods: Measuring the percentage of remaining alveolar bone in 45 conventional and digital panoramic radiograph samples aged 26-50 years at RSKGM FKG UI.

Result: The percentage of remaining alveolar bone in patients with generalized periodontitis aged 26-50 years was 75.2% ± 10.2%. The percentage of remaining alveolar present in mandibular 1st molar was 72.2% ± 8.4% on the mesial surface and 76.4% ± 8.0% on distal surface, and in mandibular 2nd molar it was 76.4% ± 8.0% on mesial surface and 76.5 ± 12% on distal surface. The average percentage on mesial surface was 73.9% and the percentage of the remaining distal bone was 76.5%.

Conclusion: The percentage of bone loss on mesial surface of 1st and 2nd molars in patients with moderate/severe periodontitis aged 26-50 years was higher than on the distal surface."

"Latar Belakang: Gigi impaksi merupakan kondisi ketika gigi mengalami kegagalan untuk erupsi sepenuhnya ke lengkung gigi dalam waktu yang diharapkan. Berdasarkan frekuensi kejadiannya, gigi molar tiga rahang bawah (M3 RB) paling sering mengalami impaksi dengan prevalensi mencapai 60.6% di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor lokal utama terjadinya gigi M3 RB impaksi adalah kurangnya ruang pada lengkung rahang bawah yang sering dikaitkan dengan proses pertumbuhan tulang mandibula. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa ukuran morfologi tulang mandibula yang mencerminkan kuantitas dan arah pertumbuhan tulang seperti tinggi simfisis mandibula, panjang badan mandibula, dan sudut gonial berpotensi untuk mempengaruhi kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi hubungan kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi dengan morfologi tulang mandibula. Metode: Sebanyak 110 sampel sisi rahang bawah diperoleh dari 67 data radiografi panoramik digital pasien RSKGM FKG UI (50 perempuan dan 17 laki-laki; usia: 21.22–30.91 tahun). Sampel yang tersedia kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok kasus (sisi rahang dengan gigi M3 RB yang mengalami impaksi baik fully unerupted atau partially erupted) dan kelompok kontrol (sisi rahang dengan gigi M3 RB yang erupsi sempurna) untuk dilakukan perbandingan. Pada studi ini, uji-t independen dan uji Anova 1 arah digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan status impaksi gigi M3 RB dan klasifikasinya dengan morfologi tulang mandibula pada data berdistribusi normal. Di sisi lain, uji Mann-Whitney U dan Uji Kruskal Wallis digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan status impaksi gigi M3 RB dan klasifikasinya dengan morfologi tulang mandibula pada data berdistribusi tidak normal. Hasil: Tinggi simfisis mandibula dan sudut gonial secara statistik (p < 0.05) lebih rendah pada kelompok kasus. Sementara itu, panjang badan mandibula antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol tidak berbeda secara statistik (p > 0.05). Pada hasil tinjauan pasien laki-laki saja, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan tinggi simfisis, panjang badan mandibula, dan sudut gonial antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol secara statistik (p > 0.05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi dengan ukuran tinggi simfisis dan sudut gonial. Semakin kecil ukuran tinggi simfisis dan sudut gonial, semakin besar kemungkinan gigi M3 RB mengalami impaksi. Di sisi lain, tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan kejadian gigi M3 RB impaksi dengan ukuran panjang badan mandibula.

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Background: An impacted tooth is a condition when a tooth fails to fully erupt into the dental arch within the expected time. Based on the frequency of occurrence, the mandibular third molar (M3M) is the most frequently impacted with a prevalence of 60.6% in Indonesia. One of the main local factors for impacted M3M is the lack of space in the lower arch which is often associated with the growth process of the mandibular bone. Several studies have shown that the size of the mandibular bone morphology that reflects the quantity and direction of bone growth such as symphisis mandibular height, mandibular body length, and gonial angle has the potential to influence the occurance of impacted M3M.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the occurance of impacted M3M and mandibular bone morphology.

Methods: A total of 110 samples of the mandibular side were obtained from 67 digital panoramic radiographic data of RSKGM FKG UI patients (50 women and 17 men; age: 21.22–30.91 years). The data were then divided into the case group (jaw side with M3M that were fully unerupted or partially erupted) and the control group (jaw side with M3M that fully erupted) for comparison. In this study, an independent t-test and 1-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the relationship between the impaction status of M3M and their classification with the morphology of the mandible in normally distributed data. On the other hand, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze the relationship between the impaction status of the M3M tooth and its classification with the morphology of the mandible bone in abnormally distributed data.

Results: Symphisis mandibular height and gonial angle were statistically (p < 0.05) lower in the case group. Meanwhile, the mandibular body length between the case group and the control group was not statistically different (p > 0.05). In the results of the review of male patients only, there was no statistical difference in symphisis height, mandibular body length, and gonial angle between the case group and control group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between the occurance of impacted M3M with the size of the symphisis height and gonial angle. The smaller the size of the symphisis height and gonial angle, the more likely the M3M to experience impaction. On the other hand, there was no relationship between the occurance of impacted M3M and mandibular body length."

"Latar Belakang: Parastesi adalah salah satu komplikasi yang sering terjadi setelah pembedahan gigi molar tiga rahang bawah impaksi, yang terjadi akibat cedera saraf inferior alveolaris. Diagnosis dan rekognisi factor-faktor risiko parastesi penting untuk mencegah terjadinya parastesi pasca pembedahan.Tujuan: Menganalisa faktor risiko parastesi pada gigi molar tiga rahang bawah impaksi berdasarkan gambaran panoramik setelah prosedur odontektomi dalam anestesi umum di RS Universitas Indonesia. Metodologi: Penelitian cross sectional dengan total sampling pada pasien dengan gigi molar tiga rahang bawah impaksi yang masuk kriteria inklusi. Analisis data dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara faktor risiko dan kejadian parastesi menggunakan analisis bivariate dan multivariate. Hasil Penelitian: Total sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 658. Faktor yang berhubungan bermakna dengan parastesi adalah posisi gigi menurut Rood and Sheath (p<0.05) dan hanya pada gigi 38. Jenis kelamin dan usia pasien tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian parastesi (p>0.05). Posisi gigi dapat menjadi prediktor kejadian parastesi pada gigi 38 (ROC: 0.712). Kesimpulan: Posisi gigi terhadap kanalis mandibular menurut Rood and Sheath dapat menjadi predictor kejadian parastesi akibat cedera saraf inferior alveolaris.

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Background: Parasthesia is one of the frequent complications after surgery of impacted mandibular third molar, which occurs due to injury of the inferior alveolary nerve. Diagnosis and recognition of risk factors for parasthesia are important to prevent post-surgical parasthesia.Objective: To analyze the risk factors of parasthesia in impacted mandibular third molar teeth after odontectomy procedure under general anesthesia at Universitas Indonesia Hospital. Methodology: Cross sectional study with total sampling in patients with impacted mandibular third molar teeth who met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed to see the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of parasthesia using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The total sample in the study amounted to 658. The factor that was significantly associated with parasthesia was tooth position according to Rood and Shehab (p<0.05) and only in tooth 38. Gender and age of the patient were not significantly associated with the incidence of parasthesia (p>0.05). Tooth position can be a predictor of the incidence of parasthesia in tooth 38 (ROC: 0.712). Conclusion: Tooth position to the mandibular canal according to Rood and Shehab can be a predictor of parasthesia due to inferior alveolary nerve injury."

"Gigi molar tiga merupakan gigi yang paling sering mengalami impaksi. Distribusi dan frekuensi impaksi gigi molar tiga yang mengakibatkan karies pada gigi molar dua dapat diteliti lebih lanjut. Tujuan : Melihat dan menganalisis distribusi frekuensi karies pada gigi molar dua terkait impaksi gigi molar tiga rahang bawah berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin. Bahan dan metode : Analisis dilakukan pada 442 kasus impaksi gigi pasien RSKGM FKG UI periode Januari 2014-Desember 2016 dengan melihat data sekunder pasien. Hasil : Jumlah kasus karies pada gigi molar dua terkait impaksi gigi molar tiga rahang bawah pada jenis kelamin perempuan lebih besar dibanding jenis kelamin laki-laki dengan perbandingan persentase 54.9 : 45.1 atau 1,2 : 1. Sedangkan untuk kelompok usia yang mengalami kasus karies terkait impaksi gigi molar tiga rahang bawah berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut : kelompok usia 16-25 tahun 42.4, 26-35 tahun 42.4, 36-45 tahun 12.5, 46-55 tahun 2.2, 55-65 tahun 0 dan 66-75 0.5. Kesimpulan : Kelompok usia 21-25 tahun berjenis kelamin perempuan lebih rentan mengalami karies pada gigi molar dua terkait impaksi gigi molar tiga.

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Impacted third molars often occur. Frequency and distribution of impacted third molars accociated with caries on second molars needs to be investigated.

Aim: To know and analyze the frequency distribution of caries on second molars associated with impacted mandibular third molars based on age group and gender.

Method: 442 Medical records of patients with impacted teeth in RSKGM FKG UI period of Januari 2014 December 2016 were analyzed.

Results: Female were more involved than male with percentage of 54.9 45,1 or 1,2 1. Based on age group, caries on second molars associated with impacted mandibular third molars are age group 16 25 years old 42.4, 26 35 years old 42.4, 36 45 years old 12.5, 46 55 years old 2.2, 55 65 years old 0 and 66 75 0.5.

Conclusion: Female within the age group of 21 25 years old have the highest risk in caries on second molars associated with thirs molars impaction. "

"Latar Belakang: Molar tiga merupakan gigi yang paling sering mengalami impaksi. Impaksi gigi molar tiga seringkali dikaitkan dengan berbagai macam kondisi patologis, salah satunya adalah karies pada molar tiga itu sendiri. Penelitian mengenai distribusi dan frekuensi karies pada molar tiga yang impaksi telah dilakukan di berbagai negara, namun di Indonesia masih sedikit penelitian yang membahas hal ini. Tujuan: Mengetahui distribusi dan frekuensi karies pada molar tiga yang impaksi di RSKGM FKG UI Periode Januari 2014-Desember 2016. Metode: Studi deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang didapat dari rekam medik pasien RSKGM FKG UI periode Januari 2014-Desember 2016. Hasil: Analisis dilakukan pada 442 kasus impaksi molar tiga yang diindikasikan untuk dilakukan tindakan odontektomi. Dari 442 molar tiga yang impaksi, sebanyak 136 gigi 30,8 mengalami karies. Karies paling banyak terjadi pada pasien usia 26-30 tahun 32,4. Karies lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien laki-laki 55,1 dan pada elemen gigi 38 58,1. Karies paling sering terjadi pada molar tiga dengan impaksi mesioangular 72, kelas II 63,2, dan posisi A 80,1. Permukaan yang paling sering mengalami karies adalah permukaan oklusal 47,8. Sebagian besar karies yang terjadi pada molar tiga impaksi telah mencapai kateogori advanced 61,8. Kesimpulan: Distribusi dan frekuensi karies pada molar tiga paling banyak ditemukan pada pasien laki-laki dengan usia 26-30 tahun dan karies paling banyak ditemukan pada molar tiga dengan impaksi mesioangular IIA.

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Background: The third molar is the most common tooth to become impacted. Impacted third molar is often associated with various pathological conditions, one of which is dental caries in the third molar itself. Research about caries in impacted third molar had been done in some countries. However, in Indonesia, the research about this matter is currently limited.

Aim: This research is conducted to see the frequency and distribution of caries in impacted third molar in RSKGM FKG UI from January 2014 ndash December 2016.

Methods: The analysis was conducted on 442 cases of impacted third molar indicated for odontectomy.

Results: From 442 cases of impacted third molar, 136 teeth 30.8 had dental caries. Dental caries mostly found in patients that were 26 30 in age 32.4. Dental caries mostly happen in man 55.1 and mostly found in mandibular left third molar 58.1. Mesioangular angulation 72, class II 63.2, and position A 80.1 impaction are the most common. Caries mostly found in the occlusal surface of the impacted third molar 47,8 . Most of the caries found in the third molar are classified into the advanced category 61.8.

Conclusion Caries in impacted third molar mostly found in male patient that were 26 30 in age and mostly found in third molar with mesioangular IIA classification."

"Latar Belakang: Radiografi panoramik merupakan salah satu teknik radiografi ekstraoral yang paling sering digunaakan. Pada umumnya, radiograf panoramik menunjukkan adanya magnifikasi sekitar 10-30%. Oleh karena itu, kesalahan dalam penentuan posisi pasien dapat menyebabkan magnifikasi ini lebih tidak proporsional. Struktur anatomi dan tingkat pemahaman instruksi dapat berbeda pada berbagai kelompok usia. Maka dari itu, diperlukan data mengenai frekuensi kesalahan posisi yang terjadi pada kelompok usia anak, dewasa, dan lansia. Tujuan: Memperoleh perbandingan kesalahan posisi radiograf panoramik yang terjadi pada kelompok usia anak, dewasa, dan lansia. Metode: Penelitian merupakan studi cross-sectional deskriptif menggunakan sampel berupa data sekunder radiograf panoramik pasien di Unit Radiologi Kedokteran Gigi RSKGM FKG UI. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (P<0.05) pada posisi tulang belakang tidak tegak, posisi lidah tidak tepat, bergerak selama paparan, dan vertical error antara anak, dewasa, dan lansia. Kesimpulan: Kesalahan posisi pasien dalam radiograf panoramik relatif umum. Kualitas radiograf panoramik dapat ditingkatkan dengan instruksi yang lebih jelas dan meningkatkan perhatian operator selama memposisikan pasien.

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Background: Panoramic radiography is one of the most frequently used extraoral radiography techniques. Usually, panoramic radiographs show magnification of between 10% and 30%. Therefore, errors in the positioning of the patients cause this magnification to become even more disproportionate. Different anatomical structures and levels of understanding instructions may differ in different age groups. Thus, a concrete data is needed regarding the frequency of positioning errors that occur in the age group of children, adults, and the elderly.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of panoramic radiographic errors and its correlation between the age group of children, adults, and the elderly.  

Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study using secondary data in the form of panoramic radiographs of patients at Universitas Indonesia Dental Hospital (RSKGM FKGUI) . Results: It was recorded that spine is not in the upright position, improper positioning of the tongue, moving during exposure, and vertical error were statistically significant in children, adults, and the elderly (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Patient positioning errors on panoramic radiographs are relatively common. The quality of panoramic radiograph can be improved with clearer instructions and intensifying operator attention during patient positioning."

"Radiografi dental panoramik merupakan teknik untuk mendapatkan gambaran daerah mandibula dan seluruh gigi. Saat ini yang menjadi referensi pengukuran dosis pasien adalah penggunaan TLD chip, namun cara pengukuran yang memberikan indikasi langsung dari dosis pasien lebih sulit ditentukan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran dengan metode CTDI dan pengukuran dengan TLD chip. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis fantom silinder PMMA berdiameter 16 cm dengan 5 titik pengukuran yaitu pada periperal dan pusat fantom. TLD diletakkan pada sekeliling permukaan fantom, sedangkan pencil chamber diletakkan ke dalam celah fantom dengan lebar berkas radiasi 5 cm. Selain itu, percobaan ini menggunakan waktu penyinaran 12 detik dengan masing-masing faktor eksposi anak 65 kV dan dewasa 70 kV. Nilai CTDI dihitung dari hasil bacaan pencil chamber, sedangkan TLD dihitung dari hasil pembacaan data TLD chip. Selanjutnya, Dose Area Product (DAP) didapatkan dari mengalikan CT-Dose Index dengan celah sekunder dari reseptor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Dose-Length Product (DLP) dan DAP untuk kondisi anak adalah 18,23 mGy.mm dan 270 mGy.mm2, sedangkan DLP dan DAP untuk kondisi dewasa adalah 23,45 mGy.mm dan 330 mGy.mm2 . Sebaliknya, hasil pengukuran dosis menggunakan TLD pada dental panoramik yaitu 0,0875 ± 0,001 mGy untuk kondisi anak dan 0,0731 ± 0,001 mGy untuk kondisi dewasa.

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Dental panoramic radiography is a technique to get an image of mandible and teeths. Commonly the patient dose estimation is TLD measurement, but the measurement of actual patient dose is more difficult to determine. In this study, we did the patient dose assesment of the dental panoramic procedure using CTDI method and compared with TLD measurement.

The experiment was done using 16 cm diameter cylindrical CTDI phantom with 5 points measurement at periapical and center of the phantom. TLDs were distributed circularly at phantom surface, whereas the pencil chamber with 5 cm wide X-ray beam was inserted into the chamber’s holder of the phantom. Moreover, the experiments were performed using 12 seconds time exposure and 65 kV and 70 kV for children and adult respectively. The CTDI was calculated based on the reading of chamber whereas the TLD was calculated based on the TLD reading data. Subsequently, the dose area product was calculated with multiplying the CTDI with the secondary slit are of receptor.

The results show the DLP and DAP for children are 18,23 mGy.mm and 270 mGy.mm2, whereas DLP and DAP for adult are 23,45 mGy.mm and 330 mGy.mm2. On the other hand, the TLD measurement shows that the dose estimation during the dental panoramic procedure are 0,0875 ± 0,001 mGy for children and 0,0731 ± 0,001 mGy for adult."

"Impacted third mandibular molar seems as a common and easy case but actually a difficult one when the odontectomy proceeds. besides, another unpredicted problems ofte appear such as fractured lip, traumatized and damaged of the mandibular canal. To decide the odontectomy procedure, a dentist has to do the examination systematically. In this case, radiographic examination is very important to perceive the location as well as shape of the third molar, especially its position to the adjacent anatomic structure that has to be considered during operation. This whole view will help dentist to decide appropriate approach.A special radiographic examination enables dentist to predict the treatment result more accurately, since the location and shape of the tooth correctly perceived. With this more complete diagnostic information, an appropriate treatment plan could be arranged and unfavorable risk could be limited, therefore complication and failure could be avoided."