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"This book shows how, despite having different goals, both phytoremediation and biofortification technologies can be closely connected as they are both based on the phytoextraction process that involves plant uptake, accumulation, and transformation of nutrient elements from soil. More specifically, this brief offers a comprehensive introduction to Phytoremediation and Biofortification of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), cadium (Cd) and copper (Cu), and illustrates the emerging integration of these two bio-technologies. "

"Penawaran umum perdana koin kripto, atau yang biasa dikenal sebagai Initial Coin Offering (ICO) merupakan mekanisme baru dalam menghimpun modal usaha dari masyarakat sebagai pelanggan koin kripto yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan start up. Mekanisme transaksi koin kripto dalam ICO melibatkan pelaku usaha (yang menerbitkan koin dan mengembangkan koin) dan kemudian koin tersebut ditawarkan kepada masyarakat secara umum. Mekanisme transaksi koin kripto melalui ICO pun tidak luput dari risiko, seperti yang telah terjadi di China dan Vietnam yang mengakibatkan kerugian hingga ratusan miliar rupiah. Namun, hingga saat ini masyarakat tidak bisa melakukan tuntutan ganti rugi. Hal ini dikarenakan tidak adanya regulasi yang mengatur atau melarang praktik ICO. Terdapat kekosongan hukum terkait mekanisme ICO di Indonesia. Di dalam Peraturan Bappebti No. 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Bappebti No. 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Perdagangan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto (Crypto Asset) di Bursa Berjangka Pasal 2 ayat (3) secara jelas menyebutkan bahwa ketentuan-ketentuan yng diatur di dalam Bappebti tidak mengatur tentang transaksi aset kripto melalui mekanisme ICO. Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut, penting untuk Bappebti agar segera merumuskan regulasi terkait mekanisme transaksi koin kripto dalam ICO, baik dengan cara membuat peraturan baru secara tersendiri yang khusus membahas ICO ataupun dapat membuat Perubahan atas Peraturan Bappebti No. 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Bappebti No. 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Perdagangan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto (Crypto Asset) di Bursa Berjangka.

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Initial Public Offering of crypto coins, or what is commonly known as Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is a new mechanism for raising capital effort from the public as customers of crypto coins carried out by start-up companies. The crypto coin transaction mechanism in an ICO involves business actors (those who issue coins and develop coins) and then the coins are offered to the general public. The crypto coins transaction mechanism by ICO is not free from risk, as has happened in China and Vietnam which resulted in losses of up to hundreds of billions rupiah. However, until now the community has not been able to claim compensation. This is because there are no regulations that regulate or prohibit ICO practices. There is a legal vacum regarding the ICO mechanism in Indonesia. In Bappebti Regulation Number 13 of 2022 about Amandements to Bappebti Regulation Number 8 of 2021 about Guidelines for Organizing Physical Market Trading for Crypto Assets (Crypto Assets) on the Futures Exchange. Article 2 paragraph (3) clearly states that the provisions regulated in Bappebti do not regulate crypto assets transactions through the ICO mechanism. In this regard, it is important for Bappebti to immediately formulate regulations about ICO Mechanism, either by making new regulations separately that specifically talking about ICO mechanism or by making changes to previous regulation, which is Bappebti Regulation Number 13 of 2022 about Amandements to Bappebti Regulation Number 8 of 2021 about Guidelines for Organizing Physical Market Trading for Crypto Assets (Crypto Assets) on the Futures Exchange."

"Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan mengenai urgensi dari pengaturan mengenai Initial Coin Offering di Indonesia. Hal tersebut disebabkan meningkatnya sebuah konsep pendanaan untuk membiayai perusahaan yang ingin mendapatkan modal dengan menerbitkan token melalui mekanisme Initial Coin Offering. Namun legalitas dari praktek tersebut belum memiliki kepastian hukum karena belum adanya peraturan hukum yang mengatur secara khusus mengenai praktek tersebut di Indonesia, sehingga patut untuk melihat pengaturan best pratice yang telah diterapkan oleh negara lain. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan perbandingan, dan pendekatan analitis. Bahan hukum yang digunakan primer, sekunder, dan tesier yang diperoleh dengan studi kepustakaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengaturan digital aset lebih lanjut di Indonesia yang salah satunya mengenai ICO sebagai pedoman dalam penyelenggaraan penawaran umum pada lingkup aset digital di Indonesia dengan didasari pengaturan ICO yang telah dilakukan Amerika. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi salah satu rujukan referensi best practice dalam rangka memberikan payung regulasi serta framework panduan teknis dalam praktek ICO di Indonesia.

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This research raises the issue of the urgency of regulation regarding Initial Coin Offering in Indonesia. This is due to the increase in financial technology where there is a funding concept to finance startup companies that wish to obtain capital by issuing tokens through the Initial Coin Offering mechanism. However, the legality of this practice does not yet have legal certainty because there are no legal regulations that specifically regulate this practice in Indonesia, so it is appropriate to look at best practice arrangements that have been implemented by other countries. This writing uses a normative method with an approach using statutory approaches, comparative approaches, and analytical approaches. In this regard, it is important for regulators to follow matters related to the development of digital assets. Therefore, further regulation of digital assets is needed in Indonesia, one of which is regarding ICO as a guide in organizing public offerings in the scope of digital assets in Indonesia based on ICO arrangements that have been carried out by America. This can be one of the best practice references in order to provide a regulatory umbrella as well as a technical guidance framework in the practice of ICOs in Indonesia."