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"Latar Belakang : Evaluasi volume flow rate (VFR) draining-vein dengan USG doppler sesaat paska anastomosa menjadi upaya baru dalam memperbaiki angka kegagalan proses maturasi fistula arterivenosa (FAV), setelah diketahui batasan nilai prediktif VFR draining-vein terhadap terjadinya maturitas FAV yang dibuat, tetapi karena tingginya tingkat variasi pengukuran oleh pengaruh penekanan probe, pengukuran VFR feeding-artery paska anastomosa akan menjadi pilihan yang lebih baik. Tujuan : Pengukuran VFR feeding-artery (arteri brakialis) sesaat paska anastomosa FAV apakah dapat menggantikan pengukuran VFR draining vein paska anastomosa sebagai prediktor dini terjadinya proses maturasi pembuatan FAV brakiosefalika. Subyek dan Metode : Subyek penelitian adalah pasien penyakit ginjal tahap akhir (PGTA) dengan diabetes melitus (DM) yang menjalani operasi pembuatan FAV brakiosefalika di tiga rumah sakit (RSCM, RS Hermina Bekasi, dan RS Hermina Depok) pada periode Juli 2019-Maret 2020. Desain yang digunakan kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya. Data yang diteliti meliputi : usia, jenis kelamin, tekanan darah, riwayat merokok, riwayat hipertensi dan hasil pengukuran USG doppler VFR arteri brakialis dan draining-vein preoperatif, paska anastomosa, 2 minggu dan 6 minggu post-operatif, berikut data subyek dengan FAV brakiosefalika yang telah mengalami maturasi dalam waktu 6 minggu sesuai kriteria NKFKDOQI. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa statistik adanya korelasi VFR arteri brakialis dan draining-vein terhadap maturitas pembuatan FAV brakiosefalika serta ditetapkannya nilai cutoff VFR arteri brakialis paska anastomosa terhadap terjadinya maturitas FAV yang dibuat dengan memakai uji diagnostik grafik Receiver Operator Curve (ROC). Hasil : Dari total 71 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 44 (61,97%) subyek yang telah matur pada 6 minggu post-operasi dan 27 (38,03%) yang belum matur. Pada analisa statistik didapatkan adanya korelasi VFR arteri brakialis paska anastomosa terhadap terjadinya maturitas FAV yang dibuat dengan memakai uji diagnostik grafik Receiver Operator Curve (ROC). Hasil : Dari total 71 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 44 (61,97%) subyek yang telah matur pada 6 minggu post-operasi dan 27 (38,03%) yang belum matur. Pada analisa statistik didapatkan adanya korelasi VFR arteri brakialis (p<0,001) dan draining vein (p<0,001) paska anastomosa terhadap terjadinya maturitas FAV setelah 6 minggu post-operatif. Pada pengukuran ROC keduanya didapatkan nilai cut-off yang serupa 350 mL/menit terhadap terjadinya maturitas dengan tingkat sensitifitas yang tidak jauh berbeda 95,45% vs 90,91% dan spesifitas 85,19%. vs 92,59%. Kesimpulan : Sesaat paska anastomosa, volume flow rate arteri brakialis dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor untuk mengevaluasi risiko kegagalan maturitas FAV brakiosefalika sehingga dapat menggantikan pemeriksaan volume flow draining vein yang secara teknis sulit dilakukan.

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Background : Post-anastomous evaluation of the volume flow rate (VFR) of draining-vein with Doppler ultrasound is a new effort to improve the rate of failure of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation process, after knowing the limits of the predictive value of draining-vein VFR on the occurrence of AVF maturity, but because of the high level of measurement variation due to the influence of probe compression, post-anastomous feeding-artery VFR measurement would be a better choice.

Objective : Measurement of VFR feeding-artery (brachial artery) immediately after AVF anastomosis can replace measurement of VFR draining-vein after anastomosis as an early predictor of the maturation process for making brachiocephalic AVF.

Subjects and Methods : The subjects of the study were end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who underwent surgery to brachiocephalic AVF creation in three hospitals (RSCM, Hermina Hospital Bekasi, and Hermina Hospital Depok) in the period July 2019 - March 2020 The design used was a retrospective-cohort using secondary data from previous studies. The data studied included the results of the brachial artery and draining-vein VFR Doppler ultrasound measurement pre-operative, post-anastomous, 2 weeks and 6 weeks post-operative, along with data on subjects with brachiocephalic AVF who had matured within 6 weeks according to the NKF-KDOQI criteria. Furthermore, statistical analysis was carried out on the relationship between brachial artery and draining-vein VFR to brachiocephalic AVF maturity and the determination of the brachial artery VFR cut-off value after anastomosis on the occurrence of AVF maturity which was made using the Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) diagnostic test

Results : From a total of 71 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 44 (61.97%) subjects who were mature at 6 weeks post-surgery and 27 (38.03%) were immature. Statistical analysis showed that there was a correlation between brachial artery VFR (p<0.001) and draining vein (p<0.001) post-anastomosis on the occurrence of AVF maturity after 6 weeks post-operatively. In both ROC measurements, the cut-off value was similar to 350 mL/minute for the occurrence of maturity with a sensitivity level that was not much different from 95.45% vs. 90.91% and specificity of 85.19%. vs 92.59%. Conclusion : Immediately after the anastomose, the brachial artery volume flow rate can be used as a predictor to evaluate the risk of failure of the brachiocephalic AVF maturity so that it can replace the flow draining vein volume examination which is technically difficult to do."

"Latar Belakang : Hemodialisis merupakan terapi pengganti ginjal yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia. Fistula Arteriovenosa (FAV) merupakan pilihan akses vaskular terbaik bagi penderita Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA) yang menjalani hemodialisis. Akan tetapi, kegagalan maturasi FAV masihrelatif tinggi akibat gangguan dari înflow dan/atau outflow. Pengukuran peningkatan Blood Flow Rate (BFR) dan Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) intraoperasi pada arteri brakialis diharapkan dapat mengidentifikasi masalah inflow sekaligus outflow sebagai penyebab kegagalan maturasi FAV.Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan peningkatan BFR dan PSV arteri brakialis intraoperasi serta nilai batasannya yang dapat dijadikan prediktor maturasi FAV Brakiosefalika.Subjek dan Metode : PGTA yang menjalani operasi FAV brakiosefalika di lima Rumah Sakit (RSCM, RSUP Fatmawati, RSUD Kab. Tangerang, RS Hermina Depok dan RS Hermina Bekasi) pada periode Juli 2019 – Februari 2022. Desain penelitian kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya Data yang diteliti meliputi: usia, jenis kelamin, tekanan darah, merokok, diabetes melitus, dan hasil pengukuran USG doppler berupa diameter arteri brakialis dan vena sefalika preoperasi serta peningkatan BFR dan PSV arteri brakialis intraoperasi, kemudian data subjek dengan FAV brakiosefalika yang mengalami maturasi dalam 6 minggu sesuai kriteria rule of 6 dari NKF-KDOQI. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa statistik adanya korelasi peningkatan BFR dan PSV arteri brakialis intraoperasi terhadap maturitas FAV brakiosefalika serta ditetapkannya nilai batasan sebagai prediktor maturasi. dengan memakai uji diagnostik grafik Receiver Operator Curve (ROC). Hasil : Dari total 83 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 50 (60,24%) subjek yang mengalami maturasi dalam 6 minggu pascaoperasi. Dengan menggunakan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik, peningkatan BFR arteri brakialis intraoperasi (p<0,001) merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan maturasi FAV brakiosefalika setelah 6 minggu pascaoperasi dengan nilai batasan 184,58 ml/menit, sensitivitas 100%, spesifisitas 84,8%, Nilai Duga Positif 90,9%, Nilai Duga Negatif 100%, Akurasi 93,98%Kesimpulan : Peningkatan BFR arteri brakialis intraoperasi dapat dipakai sebagai prediktor maturasi FAV brakiosefalika 6 minggu pascaoperasi

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Background : Hemodialysis is the most widely used renal replacement therapy in the world. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the best vascular access option for patients with End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) undergoing hemodialysis. However, the AVF maturation failure rate is still high due to inflow and/or outflow problem. Measurement of intraoperative increase in Blood Flow Rate (BFR) and Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) in the brachial artery is expected to identify inflow and outflow problems as the cause of AVF maturation failure.

Objective: To determine the relationship between intraoperative increase in BFR and PSV of the brachial artery and the cut off point that can be used as a predictor of Brachiocephalic AVF maturation.

Subjects and Methods : ESKD who underwent AVF brachiocephalic surgery in five hospitals (RSCM, Fatmawati Hospital, Tangerang Hospital, Hermina Hospital Depok and Hermina Hospital Bekasi) in the period July 2019 – February 2022. The retrospective cohort study design used secondary data from the study previously. The data studied included: age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and the results of Doppler ultrasound measurements of preoperative brachial artery and cephalic vein diameters and an increase in intraoperative BFR and PSV brachial artery, then data on subjects with maturation of brachiocephalic AVF within 6 weeks according to the rule of 6 criteria of the NKF-KDOQI. Furthermore, statistical analysis was carried out on the correlation between increased intraoperative brachial artery BFR and PSV on brachiocephalic FAV maturity and the determination of cut off value as a predictor of maturation using the Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) graphic diagnostic test.

Results: From a total of 83 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 50 (60.24%) subjects who matured within 6 weeks postoperatively. Using multivariate analysis with logistic regression, the increase in intraoperative brachial artery BFR (p<0.001) was the most associated factor of brachiocephalic FAV maturation after 6 weeks postoperatively with a cut off value of 184.58 ml/min, sensitivity 100%, specificity 84.8%, Positive Predictive Value 90.9%, Negative Predictive Value 100%, Accuracy 93.98%

Conclusion: Increased intraoperative brachial artery BFR can be used as a predictor of brachiocephalic FAV maturation 6 weeks postoperatively."

"Penyakit ginjal tahap akhir (PGTA) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang memerlukan terapi pengganti ginjal (TPG) seperti Hemodialisis. Fistula Arteriovenosa (FAV) merupakan pilihan akses vaskular terbaik bagi penderita yang menjalani hemodialisis. Akan tetapi, kegagalan maturasi FAV relatif tinggi akibat gangguan dari înflow dan/atau outflow. Pengukuran peningkatan Blood Flow Rate (BFR) pada arteri brakialis proksimal anastomosis, distal anastomosis dan vena outflow dapat mengidentifikasi penyebab kegagalan maturasi FAV. Penelitian dilakukan di RSCM, RS Hermina Depok dan RS Hermina Bekasi pada periode Februari 2024 – Mei 2024. Desain penelitian kohort prospektif menggunakan data primer meliputi: usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, merokok, diabetes melitus, aterosklerosis, riwayat pemasangan catheter double lumen (CDL) dan hasil pengukuran USG doppler berupa diameter arteri brakialis, vena sefalika dan BFR arteri brakialis preoperasi serta BFR arteri brakialis proksimal anastomosis, distal anastomosis dan vena outflow (OV) segera setelah tindakan AVF, hari ke 7, hari ke 14 sampai minggu ke 6. Dari total 45 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 36 subjek yang mengalami maturasi dalam 6 minggu pascaoperasi. Dengan analisis multivariat uji t-tidak berpasangan, didapatkan diameter arteri brakialis dan vena sefalika nilai rerata >2,5 mm serta nilai BFR arteri brakialis preoperasi 66,22 ± 22,60 (p<0,001). Didapatkan batasan nilai persentase peningkatan BFR arteri brakialis proksimal 167,23% pada hari ke-7 yang memprediksi  keberhasilan maturitas FAV brakiosefalika setelah 6 minggu pascaoperasi dengan sensitivitas 58,3%, spesifisitas 87,5%, interval kepercayaan 97,3%. Nilai persentase peningkatan OV diatas 186,92% pada hari ke-7 dan diatas 468,0% pada hari ke-14 dapat memprediksi keberhasilan maturitas FAV pada minggu ke-6 dengan sensitifitas dan spesifisistas sebesar 61,1% dan 100% untuk hari ke-7 dan 80,6% dan 100% untuk hari ke-14. Sebagai kesimpulan Peningkatan persentase BFR arteri brakialis proksimal anastomosis dan vein outflow hari ke-7 pasca tindakan FAV dapat dipakai sebagai prediktor maturitas FAV brakiosefalika.

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End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a public health problem that requires kEnd-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a public health problem that requires Kidney replacement therapy (KRT) such as hemodialysis. Arteriovenosa fistula (AVF) is the best vascular access option for patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, AVF maturation failure is relatively high due to interruption of inflow and/or outflow. Measurement of increased Blood Flow Rate (BFR) in the brachial arteries of the proximal anastomosis, distal anastomosis and venous outflow can identify the cause of AVF maturation failure. The study was conducted at Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Hermina Depok Hospital and Hermina Bekasi Hospital in the period February 2024 – May 2024. The design of the prospective cohort study using primary data includes: age, gender, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, a history of installation of a double lumen catheter and doppler ultrasound measurements of the diameter brachial artery, cephalic vein and BFR of the preoperative brachialis artery as well as BFR proximal anastomosis, distal anastomosis and outflow vein immediately after the AVF operation, day 7, day 14 to week 6. A total of 45 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 36 had matured within six weeks of the operation. A multivariate analysis of the non-pairing t-test revealed that a percentage increase of 167.23% in brachial artery BFR on the 7th day can predict the successful maturation of brachiocephalic AVF after 6 weeks of postoperative treatment. This model demonstrated a sensitivity of 58.3% and a specificity of 87.5%, with a confidence interval of 97.3%. The percentage value of OV increase above 186.92% on day 7 and above 468.0% on the 14th day can be used to predict the success of AVF maturity on week 6. This approach has a sensitivity and specificity of 61.1% and 100% for day 7th and 806% and 100% for day 14th. As a conclusion Increased percentage of BFR of proximal brachial artery anastomosis and venous outflow on day 7 after AVF can be used as a predictor of brachiocephalic FAV maturity."

"Latar belakang: Penyakit ginjal tahap akhir (PGTA) masih menjadi permasalahan nasional dan internasional, salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 (DM). Hemodialisa menjadi pilihan terbanyak terapi pengganti ginjal bagi para pasien PGTA, dengan fistula arteriovenosa autogen (FAV) menjadi pilihan terbaik akses karena rendah angka komplikasi dan intervensi. Penentuan maturasi dan waktu kanulasi FAV masih bervariasi dan masih banyak dipelajari. Salah satu faktor utama keberhasilan maturasi FAV adalah feeding arteri. Rekomendasi KDOQI penggunaan FAV yaitu “rule of 6”, dan rekonstruksi FAV bracchiocephalica untuk kasus PGTA dengan komorbid DM. Penelitian ini diharapkan bahwa parameter arteri brachialis sebagai feeding artery menggunakan USG linear dapat menjadi prediktor maturasi FAV. Subjek dan metode: seluruh pasien PGTA dengan DM tipe 2 yang menjalani operasi FAV brachiocephalica. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder dilihat parameter sebelum operasi berupa diameter, peak systole (PS), volume flow (VF), dan Intimal Medial Thickness (IMT) arteri brachialis yang akan dilakukan anastomosis, dan penilaian maturasi pada minggu 1,2,4,6,8 pasca operasi.  Penilitian ini menggunakan analisis komparatif kategorik 2 kelompok tidak berpasangan dengan uji hipotesis T test. Nilai perbedaan rerata (mean difference) dan p dipresentasikan. nilai p=0.05 menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna secara statistik. Hasil: 64 pasien masuk dalam penelitian, jumlah maturasi pada minggu 1,2,4,6,8 pasca operasi: 6 (9,37%), 12 (18,75%), 20 (31,25%), 37 (57,81%), dan 47 (73,43%). Dari keseluruhan variabel bebas yang di teliti tidak ada yang menunjukan hubungan bermakna terhadap maturasi FAV. Ditemukan VF dan PS yang selalu konsisten lebih tinggi pada kelompok matur di setiap waktu pemeriksaan. Kesimpulan: parameter VF, PS dan IMT arteri brachialis sebelum operasi belum dapat menjadi prediktor untuk keberhasilan maturasi pada pasien PGTA dengan DM tipe 2. Diperlukan penelitian lanjut menilai parameter lain termasuk faktor outflow dan faktor lainnya dengan sampel lebih besar.

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Background; End stage renal disease is an increasing national and global health problem, with diabetic type 2 as one of its most common cause. Hemodialysis is still the most frequent choice for renal substitution therapy. And native arteriovenous fistula is still the best option for hemodialysis access because of the lowest number of complication and intervention. But the method for determining AVF maturation and time for cannulation still varies and need to be studied more.  One of the main factors for AVF maturation is feeding artery. KDOQI had recommend “rule of 6” as maturation condition, other recommendation stated that brachiocephalic AVF should be constructed for end renal stage disease with diabetes mellitus.  This study aim to know whether preoperative feeding artery linear duplex scan parameters can be used as a predictor for the AVF maturation.  

Subject and Methods: Subjects were patient with end stage renal disease with diabetic type 2, who had brachiocephalic AVF surgery. Subject were taken from secondary data and diameters, peak systole (PS), volume flow (VF), and intimal medial thickness (IMT) of brachial artery were collected before surgery. Maturation time was determined with draining vein examination at 1^st, 2^nd, 4^th, 6^th and 8^th weeks after surgery. Data analysis was done using unpaired t-test. P value below 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: 64 patients were included in this study. The number of patients with mature AVF in 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks were 6 (9,37%), 12 (18,75%), 20 (31,25%), 37 (57,81%), and 47 (73,43%) consecutively. All independent variables showed no statistically significant difference between mature and non-mature group. We found VF and PS scores to be consistently higher at mature group compared to non-mature group in all examination time.

Conclusion: Preoperative VF, PS, IMT of the feeding artery could not predict the maturation and time to mature of brachiocephalic AVF in end stage renal disease with diabetic type 2 patients. Further research is required, especially to study other paramaters include outflow and other factors with larger sampel size.

 

Keywords: AVF maturation, feeding artery, duplex scan

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"Latar Belakang: Walaupun transplantasi ginjal merupakan pilihan tatalaksana terbaik bagi penyakit ginjal tahap akhir, hingga saat ini hemodialisis masih merupakan modalitas terapi pengganti ginjal yang paling banyak dipilih, baik di negera maju maupun negera berkembang. Akses vaskular baku emas untuk hemodialisa adalah dengan fistula arteriovenosa. Namun, untuk dapat berfungsi sebagai akses hemodialisa fistula arteriovenosa membutuhkan waktu untuk mencapai maturasi. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisa hubungan volume aliran feeding arteri pada minggu-minggu awal pasca operasi fistula arteriovenosa dan potensi volume aliran feeding arteri di minggu-minggu awal pasca operasi fistula arteriovenosa untuk dijadikan sebagai prediktor maturasi fistula arteriovenosa pada populasi pasien penyakit ginjal tahap akhir dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode: Desain yang digunakan adalah desain kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya. . Data sekunder yang digunakan merupakan data dari pasien penyakit ginjal tahap akhir dengan komorbid diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menjalani operasi konstruksi fistula arteriovenosa brachiocephalica.Hasil: Dari total 67 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 47 (70,1%) pasien yang mengalami maturase dan sisanya tidak mengalami maturasi. Pada minggu pertama pasca operasi fistula arteriovenosa, kelompokt matur memiliki volume flow arteri feeding yang signifikan lebih tinggi daripada kelompok yang tidak matur (978.99 ±351.5 vs 555.42±215.9, p= <0.001). Sedangkan nilai prediksi dari volume flow arteri feeding untuk maturasi sebesar 84,7% (IK95%: 75,2%-94,2%) untuk minggu pertama. Simpulan: Kelompok dengan fistula arteriovenosa matur memiliki rerata flow feeding artery yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan. Nilai ambang terbaik volume flow feeding artery didapatkan padaminggu 1 untuk memprediksi maturasi fistula arteriovenosa. Nilai ambang dengan sensitivitas terbaik di mana tidak ada fistula arteriovenosa yang matur dengan volume flow di bawa nilai tersebut adalah 343,67 mL/min (sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 15%)

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Background: Although kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis is still the most preferred modality for renal replacement therapy, both in developed and developing countries. The gold standard vascular access for hemodialysis is with arteriovenous fistulas. However, to be able to function for hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula takes time to reach maturation.

Objective: To analyze the relationship of volume flow feeding artery in the early weeks after surgery of arteriovenous fistulas and the potential for of volume flow feeding artery in the early weeks after surgery for arteriovenous fistulas to be used as predictors of maturation of arteriovenous fistulas in a population of patients with end-stage renal disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Method: The design used is a retrospective cohort design using secondary data from previous studies. . Secondary data used were data from patients with end-stage renal disease with comorbid diabetes mellitus type 2 who underwent construction surgery for brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula.

Results: Of the total 67 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 47 (70.1%) patients who had maturation and the rest did not. In the first week postoperative arteriovenous fistula, the mature group had a significantly higher volume of feeding artery flow than the immature group (978.99 ± 351.5 vs 555.42 ± 215.9, p = <0.001). Meanwhile, the predictive value of the feeding artery flow volume for maturation was 84.7% (95% CI: 75.2% -94.2%) for the first week.

Conclusion: The mature group of arteriovenous fistulas had a significantly higher rate of artery feeding flow. The best threshold value for artery flow feeding volume was obtained at week 1 to predict maturation of arteriovenous fistulas. The threshold value with the best sensitivity where there are no mature arteriovenous fistulas with a volume flow below this value is 343.67 mL / min (sensitivity 100% and specificity 15%)."

"Latar Belakang: Saat ini fistula arteriovenosa (FAV) masih merupakan standar baku emas akses vaskular untuk hemodialisis pada pasien PGTA. Tingginya angka diabetes melitus sebagai penyebab ataupun sebagai komorbid pasien PGTA, tingginya angka kegagalan maturasi FAV terutama pada pasien DM, dan dibutuhkan waktu lebih lama untuk maturasi pada pasien DM. Tujuan: Menganalisis ulang untuk mendapatkan anjuran batas minimal diameter arteri brakialis dan vena sefalika sebagai prediktor maturasi FAV brakiosefalika pada populasi pasien PGTA dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 pasca pembuatan FAV 6 minggu dan 8 minggu. Metode: Desain yang digunakan adalah kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder. Data sekunder yang digunakan merupakan data dari pasien penyakit ginjal tahap akhir dengan komorbid diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menjalani operasi pembuatan fistula arteriovenosa brakiosefalika. Hasil: Dari total 72 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 44 (61,11%) pasien yang mengalami matur pada 6 minggu post operasi dan 47 (65,28%) yang matur pada 8 minggu post operasi. Matur minggu ke 6 memiliki diameter vena sefalika yang bermakna lebih besar daripada yang tidak matur (3,20±0,94 vs 2,65±1,02, p=0,002). Pada minggu ke 8 didapatkan diameter arteri brakialis bermakna lebih besar daripada tidak matur (4,22±0,70 vs 3,78±0,60, p=0,012), dan memiliki diameter vena sefalika bermakna lebih besar daripada tidak matur (3,28±0,98 vs 2,43±0,82, p=0,000). Nilai prediksi dari diameter arteri brakialis pre operasi untuk memprediksi maturasi FAV Brakiosefalika sebesar 68% (IK 95%: 55,1%-80,9%) untuk minggu ke 8. Nilai prediksi dari diameter vena sefalika pre operasi untuk memprediksi maturasi FAV Brakiosefalika sebesar 71,7% (IK 95%: 58,7%-84,7%) untuk minggu ke 6 dan 79,8% (IK 95%: 68,2%-91,3%) untuk minggu ke 8. Kesimpulan: Nilai ambang terbaik untuk diameter arteri brakialis pre operasi memprediksi maturasi FAV minggu ke 8. adalah 3,85 mm (sensitivitas 78,7% dan spesifisitas 60%). Nilai ambang terbaik untuk diameter vena sefalika pre operasi memprediksi maturasi FAV minggu ke 6 adalah 2,45 mm (sensitivitas 79,5% dan spesifisitas 60,7%), dan nilai ambang terbaik untuk diameter vena sefalika pre operasi memprediksi maturasi FAV minggu ke 8. adalah 2,45 mm (sensitivitas 83% dan spesifisitas 72%).

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Background: Currently arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is still the gold standard for vascular access for hemodialysis in ESRD patients. The high rate of diabetes mellitus as a cause or as comorbidity in ESRD patients, the high rate of AVF maturation failure, especially in DM patients, and it takes longer time for maturation in DM patients.

Objective: To reanalyze to obtain recommendations for the minimum diameter of the bracial artery and cephalic vein as a predictor of brachiocephalic AVF maturation in the ESRD patient population with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 6 weeks and 8 weeks of creation AVF.

Method: The design used was a retrospective cohort design using secondary data. The secondary data used are data from patients with ESRD with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent surgery for brachiocephalic AFV.

Results: From a total of 72 patients who met the inclusion and exlusion criteria, there were 44 (61,11%) patients who were mature at 6 weeks of postoperatively 47 (65,28%) who were mature at 8 weeks of postoperatively. The 6th week of maturity had a significantly larger cephalic vein diameter than the immature (3,20±0,94 vs 2,65±1,02, p=0,002). The 8th week of maturity had a significantly larger brachial artery diameter than the immature (4,22±0,70 vs 3,78±0,60, p=0,012), and having a cephalic vein diameter significantly larger than the immature (3,28±0,98 vs 2,43±0,82, p=0,000). The predictive value of preoperative brachial artery diameter to predict brachiocephalic AVF maturation was 68% (95% CI: 55,1%-80,9%) for week 8. The predictive value of preoperative cephalic vein diameter to predict brachiocephalic AVF maturation was 71,7% (95% CI: 58,7%-84,7%) for week 6 and 79,8% (95% CI: 68,2%-91,3%) for week 8.

Conclusion: The best threshold value for preoperative brachial artery diameter predicting AVF maturation 8th week was 3,85 mm (sensitivity 78,7% and specificity 60%). The best threshold value for preoperative cephalic vein diameter predicting AVF maturation 6th week was 2,45 mm (sensitivity 79,5% dan specificity 60,7%), and the best threshold value for preoperative cephalic vein diameter predicting AVF maturation 8th week is 2,45 mm (sensitivity 83% dan specificity 72%)."

"ABSTRAK Hemodialisis merupakan tatalaksana renal replacement yang tersering pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik stadium 5, Akses vaskular dan morbiditas sebagai akibat komplikasi akses merupakanpenyebab utama perawatan di rumah sakit. Kegagalan maturitas merupakan hambatan utamapenggunaan arteriovenous fistula. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji korelasi peaksistolik velocity arteri brakialis dan volume flow draining vein intraoperatif denganmenggunakan ultrasonografi doppler untuk memprediksi maturasi AVF. Uji statistik yangdigunakan adalah uji Mann Whitney dan uji Chi Squere. Hasil yang didapatkan tidak ditemukankorelasi antara PSV arteri brakialis dengan maturitas. Rerata nilai titik potong volume flowdraining vein intraoperatif 259,43 ml/min dan paska operatif 679,22 ± 65,36 ml/mindihubungkan dengan maturitas, ini dapat menjadi acuan menetukan perlu tidaknya melakukantindakan revisi saat intraoperatif, yang pada akhirnya diharapkan dapat menurunkan angkakegagalan maturasi AVF. ABSTRACT Hemodialisis as treatment for renal replacement often patient chronic renal disease grade 5.Vascular access for hemodialysis its associated problems is the leading cause for hospitaladmission and morbidity.Maturation failure is impeded by issues of maturation. The result fromthis study showed that correlation peak sistolik velocity brakial artery and bloodflow ratemeasured using Doppler ultrasonogaphy right creation of the brachiocephalic fistula can predictAVF maturation. Statistic analisis use Mann Whithey and Chi Squere. Result no correlation PSVwith maturation, The intraoperative Bloodflow rate 259,43 ml/min and post operative 6 week679,22 ± 65,36 ml/min, maybe used as a guide to decide whether or not a corrective procedurewas needed to repair the brachiochephalic and consequently help in reducing the rate of AVFmaturation failure.;Hemodialisis as treatment for renal replacement often patient chronic renal disease grade 5.Vascular access for hemodialysis its associated problems is the leading cause for hospitaladmission and morbidity.Maturation failure is impeded by issues of maturation. The result fromthis study showed that correlation peak sistolik velocity brakial artery and bloodflow ratemeasured using Doppler ultrasonogaphy right creation of the brachiocephalic fistula can predictAVF maturation. Statistic analisis use Mann Whithey and Chi Squere. Result no correlation PSVwith maturation, The intraoperative Bloodflow rate 259,43 ml/min and post operative 6 week679,22 ± 65,36 ml/min, maybe used as a guide to decide whether or not a corrective procedurewas needed to repair the brachiochephalic and consequently help in reducing the rate of AVFmaturation failure.;Hemodialisis as treatment for renal replacement often patient chronic renal disease grade 5.Vascular access for hemodialysis its associated problems is the leading cause for hospitaladmission and morbidity.Maturation failure is impeded by issues of maturation. The result fromthis study showed that correlation peak sistolik velocity brakial artery and bloodflow ratemeasured using Doppler ultrasonogaphy right creation of the brachiocephalic fistula can predictAVF maturation. Statistic analisis use Mann Whithey and Chi Squere. Result no correlation PSVwith maturation, The intraoperative Bloodflow rate 259,43 ml/min and post operative 6 week679,22 ± 65,36 ml/min, maybe used as a guide to decide whether or not a corrective procedurewas needed to repair the brachiochephalic and consequently help in reducing the rate of AVFmaturation failure.;Hemodialisis as treatment for renal replacement often patient chronic renal disease grade 5.Vascular access for hemodialysis its associated problems is the leading cause for hospitaladmission and morbidity.Maturation failure is impeded by issues of maturation. The result fromthis study showed that correlation peak sistolik velocity brakial artery and bloodflow ratemeasured using Doppler ultrasonogaphy right creation of the brachiocephalic fistula can predictAVF maturation. Statistic analisis use Mann Whithey and Chi Squere. Result no correlation PSVwith maturation, The intraoperative Bloodflow rate 259,43 ml/min and post operative 6 week679,22 ± 65,36 ml/min, maybe used as a guide to decide whether or not a corrective procedurewas needed to repair the brachiochephalic and consequently help in reducing the rate of AVFmaturation failure.;Hemodialisis as treatment for renal replacement often patient chronic renal disease grade 5.Vascular access for hemodialysis its associated problems is the leading cause for hospitaladmission and morbidity.Maturation failure is impeded by issues of maturation. The result fromthis study showed that correlation peak sistolik velocity brakial artery and bloodflow ratemeasured using Doppler ultrasonogaphy right creation of the brachiocephalic fistula can predictAVF maturation. Statistic analisis use Mann Whithey and Chi Squere. Result no correlation PSVwith maturation, The intraoperative Bloodflow rate 259,43 ml/min and post operative 6 week679,22 ± 65,36 ml/min, maybe used as a guide to decide whether or not a corrective procedurewas needed to repair the brachiochephalic and consequently help in reducing the rate of AVFmaturation failure.;Hemodialisis as treatment for renal replacement often patient chronic renal disease grade 5.Vascular access for hemodialysis its associated problems is the leading cause for hospitaladmission and morbidity.Maturation failure is impeded by issues of maturation. The result fromthis study showed that correlation peak sistolik velocity brakial artery and bloodflow ratemeasured using Doppler ultrasonogaphy right creation of the brachiocephalic fistula can predictAVF maturation. Statistic analisis use Mann Whithey and Chi Squere. Result no correlation PSVwith maturation, The intraoperative Bloodflow rate 259,43 ml/min and post operative 6 week679,22 ± 65,36 ml/min, maybe used as a guide to decide whether or not a corrective procedurewas needed to repair the brachiochephalic and consequently help in reducing the rate of AVFmaturation failure.;Hemodialisis as treatment for renal replacement often patient chronic renal disease grade 5.Vascular access for hemodialysis its associated problems is the leading cause for hospitaladmission and morbidity.Maturation failure is impeded by issues of maturation. The result fromthis study showed that correlation peak sistolik velocity brakial artery and bloodflow ratemeasured using Doppler ultrasonogaphy right creation of the brachiocephalic fistula can predictAVF maturation. Statistic analisis use Mann Whithey and Chi Squere. Result no correlation PSVwith maturation, The intraoperative Bloodflow rate 259,43 ml/min and post operative 6 week679,22 ± 65,36 ml/min, maybe used as a guide to decide whether or not a corrective procedurewas needed to repair the brachiochephalic and consequently help in reducing the rate of AVFmaturation failure."

"Latar Belakang: Fistula arteriovenosa (FAV) sebagai akses hemodialisis terpilih saat ini semakin banyak digunakan, seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penderita Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA). Pada kondisi FAV terjadi perubahan hemodinamik karena adanya penurunan resistensi dari feeding artery ke draining vein, yang apabila menyebabkan kegagalan kompensasi, dapat terjadi gangguan perfusi. Salah satu indikator untuk menilai perfusi yang baik pada lengan adalah dengan menilai basal digital pressure (BDP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara volume flow pada feeding artery dan draining vein FAV dengan BDP pada pasien PGTA. Metode: Desain yang digunakan adalah desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama periode Oktober hingga November 2019 pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan menggunakan akses native fistula lengan atas atau lengan bawah dengan atau tanpa gejala iskemia pada tangan dan mengukur BDP menggunakanphotoplethysmography. Hasil: Total sampel didapatkan sebanyak 62 sampel, dengan karakteristik 40 pria dan 22 wanita. Sebanyak 38 pasien berusia <65 tahun dan 24 pasien berusia ≥65 tahun. Sebanyak 45 dan 25 pasien menderita hipertensi dan diabetes melitus. Tidak didapatkan pasien dengan gejala nyeri, defisit neurologis, ataupun gangrene. Dari hasil analisis, tidak didapatkan adanya korelasi antara diameter dan volume flow anastomosis FAV dan feeding artery terhadap BDP, baik di radiosefalika maupun brakhiosefalika. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara diameter dan volume flow anastomosis FAV dan feeding artery terhadap FAV, baik di radiosefalika maupun brakhiosefalika.

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Background: Arteriovenous fistula (FAV) as the chosen hemodialysis access is currently being used for more, along with the increasing number of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). In the FAV condition, there is a hemodynamic change due to a decrease in resistance from feeding artery to draining vein, which if it causes compensation failure, impaired perfusion can occur. One indicator to assess good perfusion in the arm is to assess basal digital pressure (BDP).

This study aims to determine the correlation between volume flow in feeding artery and draining vein FAV with BDP in PGTA patients.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at Dr. RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo during the period from October to November 2019 in patients undergoing hemodialysis using native access to the upper or lower arm with or without symptoms of ischemia on the hands and measuring BDP using photoplethysmography.

Results: A total of 62 samples were obtained, with the characteristics of 40 men and 22 women. A total of 38 patients aged <65 years and 24 patients aged ≥65 years. 45 and 25 patients suffer from hypertension and diabetes mellitus. There were no patients with symptoms of pain, neurological deficits, or gangrene. From the analysis results, there was no correlation between the diameter and volume of FAV anastomosis flow and feeding artery to BDP, both in radiosefalica and brakhiosefalika.

Conclusion: There was no correlation between diameter and volume flow of FAV anastomosis and feeding artery to FAV, both in radiocephalica and brachiocephalica."

"Latar Belakang: Fistula arteriovenosa (FAV) sebagai akses hemodialisis terpilih saat ini semakin banyak digunakan, seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penderita Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA). Pada kondisi FAV terjadi perubahan hemodinamik karena adanya penurunan resistensi dari feeding artery ke draining vein, yang apabila menyebabkan kegagalan kompensasi, dapat terjadi gangguan perfusi. Salah satu indikator untuk menilai perfusi yang baik pada lengan adalah dengan menilai basal digital pressure (BDP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara volume flow pada feeding artery dan draining vein FAV dengan BDP pada pasien PGTA.Metode: Desain yang digunakan adalah desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama periode Oktober hingga November 2019 pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan menggunakan akses native fistula lengan atas atau lengan bawah dengan atau tanpa gejala iskemia pada tangan dan mengukur BDP menggunakan photoplethysmography.Hasil: Total sampel didapatkan sebanyak 62 sampel, dengan karakteristik 40 pria dan 22 wanita. Sebanyak 38 pasien berusia <65 tahun dan 24 pasien berusia ≥65 tahun. Sebanyak 45 dan 25 pasien menderita hipertensi dan diabetes melitus. Tidak didapatkan pasien dengan gejala nyeri, defisit neurologis, ataupun gangrene. Dari hasil analisis, tidak didapatkan adanya korelasi antara diameter dan volume flow anastomosis FAV dan feeding artery terhadap BDP, baik di radiosefalika maupun brakhiosefalika.Simpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara diameter dan volume flow anastomosis FAV dan feeding artery terhadap FAV, baik di radiosefalika maupun brakhiosefalika.

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Background: Arteriovenous fistula (FAV) as the chosen hemodialysis access is currently being used for more, along with the increasing number of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). In the FAV condition, there is a hemodynamic change due to a decrease in resistance from feeding artery to draining vein, which if it causes compensation failure, impaired perfusion can occur. One indicator to assess good perfusion in the arm is to assess basal digital pressure (BDP). This study aims to determine the correlation between volume flow in feeding artery and draining vein FAV with BDP in PGTA patients.Method: This study was a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at Dr. RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo during the period from October to November 2019 in patients undergoing hemodialysis using native access to the upper or lower arm with or without symptoms of ischemia on the hands and measuring BDP using photoplethysmography.Results: A total of 62 samples were obtained, with the characteristics of 40 men and 22 women. A total of 38 patients aged <65 years and 24 patients aged ≥65 years. 45 and 25 patients suffer from hypertension and diabetes mellitus. There were no patients with symptoms of pain, neurological deficits, or gangrene. From the analysis results, there was no correlation between the diameter and volume of FAV anastomosis flow and feeding artery to BDP, both in radiosefalica and brakhiosefalika.Conclusion: There was no correlation between diameter and volume flow of FAV anastomosis and feeding artery to FAV, both in radiocephalica and brachiocephalica."

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Latar Belakang :

Jumlah kasus Pasien dengan Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA) terus meningkat, dan permintaan akan hemodialisis juga semakin melonjak. Arteriovenosa Fistula (AVF) menjadi pilihan utama dalam prosedur hemodialisis dan sering ditempatkan sedistal mungkin, namun tingkat keberhasilan cenderung rendah karena ukuran diameter yang tidak optimal. Latihan isometrik dan terapi Far Infrared (FIR) berpotensi untuk meningkatkan diameter, Peak Sistolyc Velocity (PSV), Volume flow arteri Radialis, serta diameter vena Cephalica pada pasien PGTA yang akan menjalani pembuatan AVF radiocephalica.

Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi korelasi antara pemberian Terapi Far Infra-Red dan latihan isometrik terhadap diameter, PSV, dan aliran volume arteri radialis serta diameter vena cephalica pada pasien-pasien dengan penyakit ginjal tahap akhir yang akan menjalani pembuatan AVF Radiocephalica.

Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan penelitian eksperimental RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) di ruang hemodialisis RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo. Selama 4 minggu, kelompok eksperimen diberikan latihan isometrik dan terapi FIR, dan hasilnya kemudian dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yang hanya diberikan Latihan isometrik

Hasil: Jumlah total subjek penelitian adalah 46 orang, dengan mayoritas perempuan (65,2%) dan komorbiditas Diabetes Melitus (37%). Median usia subjek adalah 54 tahun dengan rentang usia antara 18 hingga 73 tahun. Tersingkap adanya perbedaan signifikan secara statistik antara diameter arteri radialis (p<0.05), PSV arteri radialis (p<0,05), Volume Flow arteri radialis (p<0,05), dan diameter vena cephalica (p<0,05) pada subjek penelitian sebelum dan setelah menjalani latihan isometrik dan Terapi Far Infrared (FIR). Faktor risiko Diabetes Melitus (p<0,05) dan obesitas (p<0,05) juga terbukti memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap diameter vena cephalica.

Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi latihan isometrik dan Terapi Far Infrared (FIR) efektif dalam meningkatkan parameter-parameter seperti diameter arteri radialis, PSV arteri radialis, volume flow arteri radialis, serta diameter vena cephalica pada pasien dengan Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir sebelum prosedur pembuatan AVF radiocephalica.

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Background :The number of patients with End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) continues to increase, and the need for hemodialysis is also increasing. Arterivenosa Fistula (AVF) is the main access option for hemodialysis and is performed as distally as possible, but the success rate is not very high due to the diameter that is not optimal. The utilization of isometric exercise in conjunction with Far Infrared (FIR) therapy is potentially more effective in enhancing the diameter, Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), Volume Flow of the Radial Artery, and the cephalic vein diameter in ESKD patients before the creation of radiocephalic AVF compared to using isometric exercise alone.

 

Objective: To determine the difference between isometric exercises combined with Far Infrared therapy and isometric exercise alone on the diameter, Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), and volume flow of the radial artery, as well as the cephalic vein diameter in End-Stage Kidney Disease patients before radiocephalic AVF creation, compared to utilizing only isometric exercises as the standard procedure..

 

Methods: This study is an RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) experimental study, conducted in the hemodialysis room of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital. The study was conducted for 4 weeks of isometric exercise and FIR therapy, the results were compared with the control.

 

Results: The total study subjects were 46 people, mostly female (65.2%), comorbid Diabetes mellitus (37%). Median age was 54 years with a range of 18-73 years. There were statistically significant differences between radial artery diameter (p<0.05), radial artery PSV (p<0.001), radial artery flow volume (p<0.001), cephalic vein diameter (p<0.001) pre and post isometric exercise and FIR. Risk factors of diabetes mellitus (p <0.05) and obesity (p <0.05) have a significant change on the diameter of the cephalic vein.

 

Conclusion: The use of isometric exercise and FIR can increase radial artery diameter, radial artery PSV, radial artery flow volume and cephalica vein diameter in ESKD  patients before radiocephalica AVF creation.

 

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