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"Latar belakang: Enzim methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) terlibat dalam metabolism asam folat dan tipe allele mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim. Memberikan suplementasi asam folat kepada ibu hamil dapat mempengaruhi perubahan dalam derajat metilasi gen tertentu yang mempengaruhi kesehatan janin. Walaupun sudah banyak penelitian yang mempelajari peran asam folat sebagai donor dalam mekanisme epigenetik, namun penelitian pengaruh suplementasi besi-asam folat pada luaran kehamilan melalui pendekatan interaksi zat gizi-gen dalam desain penelitian longitudinal masih jarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar serum asam folat pada ibu dan anak, dan derajat metilasi pada gen pencetak insulin-like growth factor (IGF2) yang dikenal terlibat dalam tumbuh kembang anak dan dapat digunakan sebagai penanda kemunculan penyakit Metode: Di tahun 2018, penelitian longitudinal dilakukan dengan mengunjungi 127 subyek termasuk anak yang dilahirkan dan mengikutsertakannya dalam penelitian. Enam puluh tujuh serum asam folat ibu selama hamil dan pasca melahirkan diperiksa, sementara serum asam folat anak dikumpulkan sebanyak 44 spesimen untuk pemeriksaan penanda darah. Pemeriksaan serum asam folat dengan menggunakan the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Untuk pemeriksaan biomolekuler, tipe allele enzim MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C menggunakan Taqman polymerase chain reaction. Sementara metode pyrosequencing digunakan untuk menghitung DNA metilasi pada IGF2 pada anak. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier multivariat. Hasil:Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan asam folat dan serum asam folat ibu selama hamil, tiga tahun pasca melahirkan dan anak yang dilahirkan (p>0.05). Penelitian ini tidak dapat menunjukkan hubungan antara tipe allel dari MTHFR 677 C>T dan 1298 A>C dan serum asam folat (p>0.05). Serum asam folat selama hamil juga mempengaruhi status serum asam folat tiga tahun pasca melahirkan (p<0.05) dan status serum asam folat anak (p<0.05). Namun penelitian ini tidak dapat menunjukkan pengaruh status serum asam folat anak dengan DNA metilasi IGF2 pada anak (p>0.05). Simpulan: Serum asam folat selama hamil berkontribusi pada serum asam folat tiga tahun pasca melahirkan dan anak. Genotipe dari MTHFR gene at 677C>T and 1298 A>C kemungkinan tidak terlibat dalam metabolism asam folat pada ibu. Serum asam folat selama kehamilan tidak memiliki dampak pada status metilasi dari IGF2 pada wilayah differentially methylated region (DMR) untuk subyek anak. Namun, beberapa hal harus menjadi perhatian karena, secara statistik, jumlah subyek penelitian tidak memadai. Saran: Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan yang melibatkan subyek lebih banyak dan metode yang lebih canggih dalam menentukan MTHFR dan metilasi DNA.

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Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme is involved in folic acid metabolism, and their allele types affected its activity. Providing folic acid supplementation to pregnant mothers may influence the change in methylation level in specific genes that affect the susceptibility of disease of their offspring. Although folic acid's role as a donor in the epigenetic mechanism has been investigated, a longitudinal study exploring the influence of iron-folic acid supplementation on maternal dan birth outcome by the nutrient-gene interaction approach is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of serum folic acid level among the mothers and the children, and the imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) methylation level that is known actively involved in growth and development in children and possibly utilized as a surrogate marker for the disease Methods: In 2018, the follow-up study conducted by re-visited 67 subjects and put the mother and their children included in the study. For each group, sixty-seven serums were collected for folic acid measurement for mothers during gestation and three-year post-partum. Furthermore, forty-four serums for children were gathered for biomarker measurement. Serum folics were measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Determining the genotype of the MTHFR enzyme in position 677C>T and 1298 A>C was used Taqman Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The pyrosequencing method was utilized to quantify the methylation level of the IGF-2 of the children. The relationship analysis between variables using multivariate linear regression. Results: There was no relationship between the folic acid intake during gestation and serum folic acid of the mothers during pregnancy, three-year post-partum, and the children (p>0.05). There was no relationship between the allele type of MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C and serum folic acid status of the mother (p>0.05). The serum folic acid during pregnancy had a significant relationship to the serum folic acid three-year post-partum (p<0.05) as well as the serum folic acid of the children (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between the serum folic acid of the children, serum homocysteine, and the methylation status of IGF2 of the children (p>0.05). Conclusion: The serum folic acid during pregnancy contributed to the serum folic acid three-year post-partum of mother and the children. The genotype of the MTHFR gene at 677C>T and 1298 A>C was possibly not involved in folic acid metabolism in the mother. Serum folic acid during pregnancy could not have an effect on the methylation status of the IGF2 in the differentially methylated region (DMR) area of the children. However, this conclusion needs to be taken in caution due to lack of study power Recommendation: Further cohorts studies with a large sample size and more advanced methods in determining the MTHFR enzyme and DNA methylation. "

"Latar belakang: Enzim methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) terlibat dalam metabolism asam folat dan tipe allele mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim. Memberikan suplementasi asam folat kepada ibu hamil dapat mempengaruhi perubahan dalam derajat metilasi gen tertentu yang mempengaruhi kesehatan janin. Walaupun sudah banyak penelitian yang mempelajari peran asam folat sebagai donor dalam mekanisme epigenetik, namun penelitian pengaruh suplementasi besi-asam folat pada luaran kehamilan melalui pendekatan interaksi zat gizi-gen dalam desain penelitian longitudinal masih jarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar serum asam folat pada ibu dan anak, dan derajat metilasi pada gen pencetak insulin-like growth factor (IGF2) yang dikenal terlibat dalam tumbuh kembang anak dan dapat digunakan sebagai penanda kemunculan penyakit Metode: Di tahun 2018, penelitian longitudinal dilakukan dengan mengunjungi 127 subyek termasuk anak yang dilahirkan dan mengikutsertakannya dalam penelitian. Enam puluh tujuh serum asam folat ibu selama hamil dan pasca melahirkan diperiksa, sementara serum asam folat anak dikumpulkan sebanyak 44 spesimen untuk pemeriksaan penanda darah. Pemeriksaan serum asam folat dengan menggunakan the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Untuk pemeriksaan biomolekuler, tipe allele enzim MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C menggunakan Taqman polymerase chain reaction. Sementara metode pyrosequencing digunakan untuk menghitung DNA metilasi pada IGF2 pada anak. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier multivariat. Hasil:Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan asam folat dan serum asam folat ibu selama hamil, tiga tahun pasca melahirkan dan anak yang dilahirkan (p>0.05). Penelitian ini tidak dapat menunjukkan hubungan antara tipe allel dari MTHFR 677 C>T dan 1298 A>C dan serum asam folat (p>0.05). Serum asam folat selama hamil juga mempengaruhi status serum asam folat tiga tahun pasca melahirkan (p<0.05) dan status serum asam folat anak (p<0.05). Namun penelitian ini tidak dapat menunjukkan pengaruh status serum asam folat anak dengan DNA metilasi IGF2 pada anak (p>0.05). Simpulan: Serum asam folat selama hamil berkontribusi pada serum asam folat tiga tahun pasca melahirkan dan anak. Genotipe dari MTHFR gene at 677C>T and 1298 A>C kemungkinan tidak terlibat dalam metabolism asam folat pada ibu. Serum asam folat selama kehamilan tidak memiliki dampak pada status metilasi dari IGF2 pada wilayah differentially methylated region (DMR) untuk subyek anak. Namun, beberapa hal harus menjadi perhatian karena, secara statistik, jumlah subyek penelitian tidak memadai. Saran: Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan yang melibatkan subyek lebih banyak dan metode yang lebih canggih dalam menentukan MTHFR dan metilasi DNA.

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Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, (MTHFR) enzyme is involved in folic acid metabolism, and their allele types affected its activity. Providing folic acid supplementation to pregnant mothers may influence the change in methylation level in specific genes that affect the susceptibility of disease of their offspring. Although folic acid's role as a donor in the epigenetic mechanism has been investigated, a longitudinal study exploring the influence of iron-folic acid supplementation on maternal dan birth outcome by the nutrient-gene interaction approach is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of serum folic acid level among the mothers and the children, and the imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) methylation level that is known actively involved in growth and development in children and possibly utilized as a surrogate marker for the disease Methods: In 2018, the follow-up study conducted by re-visited 67 subjects and put the mother and their children included in the study. For each group, sixty-seven serums were collected for folic acid measurement for mothers during gestation and three-year post-partum. Furthermore, forty-four serums for children were gathered for biomarker measurement. Serum folics were measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Determining the genotype of the MTHFR enzyme in position 677C>T and 1298 A>C was used Taqman Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The pyrosequencing method was utilized to quantify the methylation level of the IGF-2 of the children. The relationship analysis between variables using multivariate linear regression. Results: There was no relationship between the folic acid intake during gestation and serum folic acid of the mothers during pregnancy, three-year post-partum, and the children (p>0.05). There was no relationship between the allele type of MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C and serum folic acid status of the mother (p>0.05). The serum folic acid during pregnancy had a significant relationship to the serum folic acid three-year post-partum (p<0.05) as well as the serum folic acid of the children (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between the serum folic acid of the children, serum homocysteine, and the methylation status of IGF2 of the children (p>0.05). Conclusion: The serum folic acid during pregnancy contributed to the serum folic acid three-year post-partum of mother and the children. The genotype of the MTHFR gene at 677C>T and 1298 A>C was possibly not involved in folic acid metabolism in the mother. Serum folic acid during pregnancy could not have an effect on the methylation status of the IGF2 in the differentially methylated region (DMR) area of the children. However, this conclusion needs to be taken in caution due to lack of study power Recommendation: Further cohorts studies with a large sample size and more advanced methods in determining the MTHFR enzyme and DNA methylation. Keyword: serum folic acid, genotyping MTHFR 677 C>T, MTHFR 1298 A>C, DNA methylation, IGF2."

"LATAR BELAKANG. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia masih tinggi. Di lain pihak, pemerintah telah menjalankan program nasional gizi ibu dan anak pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan/HPK anak yang merupakan periode emas untuk mencegah/menurunkan kejadian stunting.Studi menunjukkan bahwa untuk mendapatkan dampak yang diharapkan,diperlukan kepatuhan ibu menjalankan rekomendasi program gizi tersebut. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengukur faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktek ibu dalam menjalankan rekomendasi program gizi nasional pada 1000 HPK, serta hubungannya dengan prevalensi stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan.METODE. Studi ini menganalisis data sekunder dari Survei Nasional (SDKI 2002, 2007 dan 2012, dan Riskesdas 2010) dan pendekatan kualitatif untuk melengkapi hasil analisisagar mendapat gambaran yang utuh tentang faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktek ibu tersebut. Program gizi nasional yang diukur adalah suplementasi tablet besi-folat/TBF, pemberian ASI lanjutan, pemberian makanan pendamping ASI/MP-ASI, dan suplementasi kapsul vitamin A.HASIL. Kepatuhan ibu menjalankan program sebagai komposit program tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dengan resiko stunting pada anak. Namun, analisis program secara individu menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan minum TBFberhubungan bermakna dengan risiko severestunting, dan praktik MP-ASI berhubungan dengan risiko stunting pada anak usia 6-11 bulan. Pada keluarga dengan ekonomi rendah, anak yang masih menerima ASI memiliki risiko stunting yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada anak yang sudah disapih. Hal ini berhubungan dengan MP-ASI yang lebih buruk pada anak yang masih menyusu. Faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan risiko stunting adalah tinggi badan ibu, berat lahir serta jenis kelamin dan umur anak.Paparan informasi serta dukungan suami/keluarga berhubungan secara bermakna dengan praktek ibu. Ditemukan empat mispersepsi yang umum pada ibu, yaitu TBF dapat menyebabkan tekanan darah tinggi, TBF lebih untuk pengobatan daripada pencegahan, ASI dapat menggantikan kebutuhan energi dan zat gizi anak yang seharusnya diperoleh dari MP-ASI, serta makanan lunak untuk anak usia 6-8 bulan yg baik adalah bubur susu siap saji.KESIMPULAN. Kepatuhan ibu pada program prenatal, serta faktor sebelum dan selama kehamilan berhubungan dengan resiko stunting pada anak. Hal ini menekankan kembali pentingnya status gizi wanita sebelum dan selama hamil. Paparan informasi dan dukungan suami/keluarga sangat berperan dalam praktek ibu. Memaksimalkan kunjungan antenatal dan pemantauan pertumbuhan balita sebagai media untuk memberi ibu paparan informasi menjadi sangat penting. Memberdayakan bidan dan kader Posyandu adalah keharusan. Pendekatan ibu-ayah diusulkan sebagai salah satu cara karena diharapkan dapat memberi hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan pendekatan pada ibu sebagai satu-satunya target program gizi ibu dan anak.

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BACKGROUND. Stunting in Indonesia remains highly prevalent despite the availability of national maternal and child nutrition/MCN programs for the period known to be window of opportunity for stunting prevention/reduction, i.e. the first 1000 days of child's life. Studies confirm that good adherence towards the program recommendations is required to ensure the program's impact. The study aims to assess factors associated with adherence of mothers towards national MCN programs within the first 1000 days of child's life and its association with prevalence of stunting among children aged 6-23 months.METHODS. The study analyzed national surveys data (Indonesian DHS 2002, 2007 and 2012 and Riskesdas 2010), complemented witha qualitative approach exploring factors associated with the mother's adherence in order to provide the more complete pictures. The MCN programs cover iron-folic acid supplementation/IFAS, continued breastfeeding, complementary feeding/CF practices, and vitamin A capsule supplementation.RESULTS. Adherence towards MCN programs as a composite program is not associated with risk of stunting in children. However,good adherence towards IFAS program is associated with significant lower risk of severe stunting.The CF practices shows significant association with risk of stunting in 6-11 months old children. On the contrary, risk of stunting of children from poor family was higher among breastfed than non-breastfed ones, which was associated with their poorerCF practices. Other predictors of stunting were maternal height, child's birthweight, sex and age. Good exposures towards information and support from husband/family were associated with good mother's adherence towards the MCN program. Four misleading perceptions were revealed from the qualitative study, i.e. IFA tablets may cause high blood pressure,IFAS was more for curative than preventive, breastmilk can substitute energy and nutrient needs for the children that should be obtained from foods, and instant baby milk porridges were referred as most appropriate 'soft food' for 6-8 months old children.CONCLUSION. Adherence towards prenatal program, maternal height and child's birthweight were significant predictors of child stunting. It reinforces the needs to put good nutrition of women before and during pregnancy as priority. Good CF practices have to be emphasized more, especially during the transition period. Exposure towards information and support from husband were significant factors of the mother's adherence. Making optimal use of ANC and posyandu visit to expose mothers with information is highly crucial. Thus, empowering midwife andposyandu cadres is a must.Mother-father based approach is proposed to be more beneficial rather than mothers as single target of the MCN programs for pregnancy and child care."

"Latar Belakang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membakukan teknik pengukuran asam folat serum menggunakan protein ikat folat PIF yang diisolasi dan dimurnikan secara utuh dari susu sapi segar dengan teknik enzyme labeled protein ligand binding assay ELPLBA . Metode. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen yang menguji validitas dan perbandingan teknik ELPLBA untuk pembakuan teknik pengukuran folat serum.Hasil. Hasil isolasi dan pemurnian PIF menghasilkan kadar 3 tiga mg/mL. Identifikasi SDS-PAGE dan Western blot menunjukkan 3 tiga pita protein yang diperiksa adalah protein ikat folat. Validitas teknik uji keterulangan menunjukkan nilai yang dapat diterima CV.

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Background. This study was aimed to standarized technique of folic acid level serum measurment using folate binding protein FBP that isolated and purified from fresh bovine milk with enzyme labeled protein ligand binding assay ELPLBA technique. Method in this study, we performed an experiment research validated dan compared measurement techniques of ELPLBA with competitive ELISA for the standardization of the serum folic acid measurement technique. Results. FBP concentration yielded from isolated and purification was resulted 3 mg mL. SDS PAGE and western blot result showed 3 three protein bands that was confirmed to be FBP. Validity test repeatability indicate an acceptable CV 10 , whereas reproducible test showed poor results over a 5 day period. The results of the accuracy test of the enzyme labeled protein ligand binding assay technique showed good accuration. Linearity test of two samples showed quite linear results. Comparison of folic acid level measurement in serum between ELPLBA and ELISA technique showed there is no difference between both technique based on independent test T test at 95 confidence level. Conclusion. the enzyme labeled protein ligand binding assay technique on serum folic acid measurements were quite valid dan equivalent to the results obtained by competitive ELISA techniques."

"Peningkatan prevalensi kanker di Indonesia setiap tahunnya mendorong pengembangan modalitas terapi yang mampu meningkatkan efikasi pengobatan kanker. Pendekatan kombinasi radioterapi dengan terapi fototermal menjadi kandidat teratas modalitas terapi kanker dengan keunggulan pengobatan bersifat non-invasif. Menariknya, kedua kombinasi terapi tersebut dapat diterapkan pada satu agen terapi yaitu nanopartikel emas-198 yang memiliki aktivitas radioterapi melalui pemancaran partikel beta dan kemampuan konversi fototermal yang baik melalui sifat plasmon permukaan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis nanopartikel emas-198 menggunakan fraksi air ekstrak rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) yang berfungsi sebagai agen pereduksi dan capping yang dapat menjaga kestabilan nanopartikel. Selanjutnya nanopartikel emas-198 dikonjugasikan dengan folat teraktivasi sebagai agen pembawa menuju reseptor folat yang terdapat pada permukaan sel kanker. Hasil sintesis dilakukan pengujian kemurnian radiokimia, pengamatan sifat optik dengan spektroskopi UV-Vis, pengamatan spektrum FTIR, dan pengamatan morfologi serta ukuran nanopartikel menggunakan TEM, SEM-EDX, dan PSA-PZC. Aktivitas fototermal nanopartikel emas-198 terkonjugasi folat diamati dengan mengevaluasi peningkatan suhu setelah iradiasi menggunakan laser pada panjang gelombang 532 nm dan 980 nm. Untuk menentukan potensi terapi radio-fototermal dari nanopartikel emas-198 terkonjugasi folat, dilakukan pengujian in vitro dengan metode uji MTT terhadap sel normal HaCaT dan sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Hasilnya, formulasi nanopartikel emas-198 menggunakan 0,6 mL ekstrak rimpang Curcuma domestica Val. dengan suhu reaksi 60°C menghasilkan koloid berwarna merah tua dengan morfologi nano-bola, diameter partikel rata-rata 32 nm, dan kemurnian radiokimia 100%. Konjugasi nanopartikel emas-198 dengan folat dapat dilakukan secara langsung dan memiliki selektivitas yang baik terhadap sel kanker MCF-7. Kombinasi terapi radio-fototermal menunjukkan efek sinergis dengan efikasi in vitro yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan radioterapi saja menggunakan nanopartikel emas-198 terkonjugasi folat atau terapi fototermal saja menggunakan nanopartikel emas terkonjugasi folat.

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The increasing cancer prevalence in Indonesia drives the development of therapeutic modalities that can improve cancer treatment efficacy. The combination technique of radiation and photothermal therapy is the leading choice for cancer therapeutic modality with the advantage of non-invasive treatment. Interestingly, the two combination therapies can be used on the same therapeutic agent gold-198 nanoparticles, which exhibit radiotherapy activity by generating beta particles and can convert light energy into heat energy via surface plasmon properties. In this study, gold-198 nanoparticles were synthesized using the water fraction of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) rhizome extract, which acts as a reducing and capping agent, allowing the nanoparticles to remain stable. Furthermore, the gold-198 nanoparticles were conjugated with activated folate as a carrier agent toward folate receptors present in cancer cell surfaces. The synthesis results were examined for radiochemical purity, optical characteristics using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectra, and morphology and size of nanoparticles using TEM, SEM-EDX, and PSA-PZC. The photothermal activity of folate-conjugated gold-198 nanoparticles was investigated by measuring the temperature increase following irradiation with 532 nm and 980 nm wavelength lasers. An in vitro test employing the MTT assay method was done on normal HaCaT cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells to investigate the potential for radio-photothermal therapy of folate-conjugated gold-198 nanoparticles. As a result, the gold-198 nanoparticles synthesis formula uses 0.6 mL of Curcuma domestica Val. extract with a reaction temperature of 60°C produces a dark red colloid with a nano-spherical morphology, an average particle diameter of 32 nm, and 100% radiochemical purity. The direct conjugation of gold-198 nanoparticles with folate exhibits a high selectivity against MCF-7 cancer cells. Folate-conjugated gold-198 nanoparticles demonstrated a synergistic effect of radio-photothermal therapy with greater in vitro efficacy than radiotherapy alone using folate-conjugated gold-198 nanoparticles or photothermal therapy alone using folate-conjugated gold nanoparticles."

"Latar Belakang: Endometriosis merupakan penyakit multifaktorial yang mempengaruhi 10% wanita usia subur. Diketahui bahwa gen EGFR dan MMP-2 mengalami peningkatan ekspresi pada endometriosis sehingga memiliki peran dalam perkembangan endometriosis, dan gen yang dapat meregulasi sitoskeleton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara tingkat metilasi gen EGFR dan MMP-2 dengan ekspresi mRNA-nya pada jaringan endometriosis peritoneum.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 20 wanita endometriosis dan 20 wanita bukan endometriosis yang usianya sekitar 20-45 tahun. Pada wanita endometriosis diambil jaringan endometriosis peritoneum dengan tindakan laparoskopi, sedangkan 20 wanita bukan endometriosis diambil jaringan endometrium normal dengan tindakan mikrokuretase. Tingkat metilasi DNA gen EGFR dan MMP-2 dianalisis dengan metode Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) dan Ekspresi mRNA gen EGFR dan MMP-2 dianalisis dengan metode qRT-PCR.Hasil: Tingkat metilasi DNA pada gen EGFR dan MMP-2 mengalami hipermetilasi. Pada gen EGFR, tingkat metilasi DNA antara jaringan endometriosis peritoneum dibandingkan dengan jaringan endometrium normal terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,001), sedangkan pada gen MMP-2 tingkat metilasi DNA-nya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,596) antara jaringan endometriosis peritoneum dibandingkan dengan jaringan endometrium normal. Nilai ekspresi relatif mRNA EGFR dan MMP-2 mengalami peningkatan ekspresi pada jaringan endometriosis peritoneum. Penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang bermakna antara tingkat metilasi dengan tingginya ekspresi mRNA baik gen EGFR maupun MMP-2. (gen EGFR (p=0,947 dan r=-0,016) dan gen MMP-2 (p=0.769 dan r=0.070)Kesimpulan: Tingginya ekspresi mRNA EGFR dan gen MMP-2, kemungkinan bukan hanya disebabkan karena faktor metilasi DNA, melainkan faktor lainnya.

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Background: Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease that affects 10% of women of childbearing age. It is known that the EGFR and MMP-2 genes have increased expression in endometriosis and thus have a role in the development of endometriosis, and genes that can regulate the cytoskeleton. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the level of methylation of the EGFR and MMP-2 genes with their mRNA expression in peritoneal endometriosis tissue.

Method: The study used a cross sectional design. The sample used was 20 women with endometriosis and 20 women without endometriosis who were around 20-45 years old. In endometriosis women are taken to peritoneal endometriosis tissue by laparoscopic, while 20 women without endometriosis are taken to normal endometrial tissue by microcuretase. The levels of EGFR and MMP-2 gene methylation were analyzed by the Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) method and the mRNA expression of the EGFR and MMP-2 genes were analyzed by the qRT-PCR method.

Results: The level of DNA methylation in the EGFR and MMP-2 genes was hypermethylated. In the EGFR gene between peritoneal endometriosis tissue compared to normal endometrial tissue there were significant differences (p=0,001), whereas in the MMP-2 gene there was no significant difference (p=0.596) between peritoneal endometriosis tissue compared to normal endometrial tissue. The relative expression value of EGFR and MMP-2 mRNA has increased expression in peritoneal endometriosis tissue. This study did not show a significant correlation between the level of methylation and the high mRNA expression in both the EGFR and MMP-2 genes. (EGFR gene (p=0.947 and r=-0.016) and MMP-2 gene (p=0.769 and r=0.070)

Conclusion: The high expression of EGFR mRNA and MMP-2 gene, the possibility is not only due to hypermethylation factors, but other factors."

"Latar Belakang: TGF-β1 memiliki peran penting dalam proses diferensiasi sel punca pulpa (hDPSCs) menjadi sel odontoblast dan asam hialuronat (AH) sebagai perancah alami memiliki sifat biokompabilitas dan berperan dalam pembentukan jaringan keras gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi berbagai konsentrasi AH (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL) pada media kultur (MK) hDPSCs terhadap ekspresi TGF-β1 dengan waktu observasi 7 hari dan 14 hari. Metode: Kultur hDPSCs didapatkan dari penelitian sebelumnya (persetujuan etik dilampirkan) yang merupakan passage 3 dan 4. Setelah 24 jam inkubasi, MK digantikan oleh media osteogenic. hDPSCs dipuasakan selama 24 jam. AH kemudian ditanam ke dalam 96 well kultur jaringan yang terdiri dari 5x103 sel/well. MK AH dibagi menjadi tiga konsentrasi (10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, dan 30 mg/ml) dan diinkubasi dalam atm 5% CO2, 37o C. Ekspresi TGF-β1 dianalisis menggunakan ELISA reader setelah inkubasi selama 7 hari dan 14 hari dan secara kualitatif dengan pewarnaan Alizarin Red. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc LSD (SPSS IBM 26). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan potensi berbagai konsentrasi AH (p<0,05) terhadap ekspresi TGF-β1 hDPSCs pada observasi 7 dan 14 hari. Kelompok AH 30 mg/mL memiliki ekspresi TGF-β1 tertinggi. Pewarnaan Alizarin Red menunjukkan nodul berwarna merah semakin pekat dan banyak pada konsentrasi AH 30 mg/mL. Kesimpulan: AH berpotensi untuk meningkatkan ekspresi TGF-β1. Kelompok AH 30 mg/mL merupakan konsentrasi yang paling berpotensi dibandingkan kelompok lain pada waktu observasi 7 hari

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Background: TGF-β1 plays an important role in the process of differentiation of human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSCs) into odontoblast cells and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a natural scaffold has biocompatible properties and plays a role in the formation of dental hard tissue. Objective: To determine various concentrations potential of HA (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL) as hDPSCs culture media (CM) towards TGF-β1 expression on 7 and 14 days observations. Methods: hDPSCs culture were obtained from those of previous research (ethical approval form attached) at P3 and P4. After 24 hours of incubation, CM was replaced with osteogenic media. hDPSCs undergo 24 hours of serum starvation and then implanted into 96 well tissue culture consisting of 5x103 cells/well. hDPSCs CM divided into three concentrations and incubated in 5% CO2 atm, 37o C. TGF-β1 expression was analyzed using an ELISA reader and qualitatively by Alizarin Red staining. Statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD test (SPSS IBM-26). Results: At 7 and 14 days, there is a statistically significant different potential of HA CM in various concentrations (p<0,05) towards expression of TGF-β1 hDPSCs. HA 30 mg/mL group have the highest TGF-β1 expression. Alizarin Red staining showed corellate results with more dense red nodules at HA 30 mg/mL group. Conclusion: HA have the potential to increase TGF-β1 expression hDPSCs. HA 30 mg/mL was the most potential concentration compare to other groups at 7 days observation."

"Latar Belakang: Asam folat merupakan salah satu vitamin yang penting bagi embriogenesis, khususnya pembentukan tabung neural. Karena itu, asam folat sangat penting bagi ibu hamil khususnya pada trimester pertama saat terjadinya pembentukan tabung neural. Sudah ada program suplementasi folat yang disebutkan dapat menaikkan konsentrasi kadar folat. Namun, masih belum terdapat informasi mengenai bagaimana status folat ibu hamil di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara asupan asam folat dengan kadar folat darah pada ibu hamil trimester pertama. Metode: Studi cross-sectional dari 119 ibu hamil di RSIA Bunda dan RSIA Budi Kemuliaan pada tahun 2013-2014. Hasil: Dari 119 ibu hamil yang diteliti, nilai tengah usia 28 19 ndash; 35 tahun, sebagian besar 58 tidak bekerja, sebagian besar 52,9 memiliki pendidikan yang tinggi, dan sebagian besar 72,3 memiliki pendapat keluarga sangat tinggi. Terdapat 57,1 responden yang asupan folatnya kurang. Nilai tengah kadar folat darah responden 19,36 10,59-34,94 ng/mL dengan sebaran 58,8 memiliki kadar folat serum normal dan 41,2 memiliki kadar folat serum meningkat. Uji korelasi Spearman yang dilakukan menunjukkan tidak adanya korelasi antara asupan folat dengan kadar folat darah r=0,061; p=0,509. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan asam folat dengan kadar folat darah ibu hamil trimester pertama.

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Background: Folic acid is one of the vitamins which are important in embryogenesis, particularly neural tube formation. So, folic acid is very important for pregnant women in the first trimester, when formation of neural tube takes place. There has been folate supplementation program that can increase blood folate concentration. But, there has not been adequate information about folate status in pregnant women in Indonesia.

Aim: To know the relation between folic acid intake and blood folate levels in pregnant women in the first trimester.

Methods: Cross sectional study from 119 pregnant women in RSIA Bunda and RSIA Budi Kemuliaan year 2013 2014.

Results: From 119 pregnant women studied, the median of age is 28 19 35 years old, and the majority is working 58, high educated 52,9, and having high income 72.3. There were 57.1 women having low intake of folic acid. The median of blood folate levels is 19.36 10.59 34.84 ng mL which 58.8 has normal serum folate levels and 41.2 has elevated serum folate levels. Spearman corellation test showed no corellation between folic acid intake and blood folate levels r 0.061 p 0.509.

Conclusion: There is no significant relation between folic acid intake and blood folate levels in pregnant women in the first trimester."

"Stunting merupakan suatu masalah kesehatan yang banyak ditemui pada balita Indonesia, yang ditetapkan oleh WHO sebagai rasio tinggi badan terhadap usia (TB/U) dibawah persentil 5. Persentase stunting balita Indonesia adalah sebesar 37,2% dan terklasifikasi sebagai high severity stunting oleh WHO. Stunting menjadi suatu isu penting karena memiliki dampak buruk yang bersifat inter-generasi. Stunting bersifat kronik dan memiliki penyebab yang bersifat multifaktorial, dengan defisiensi nutrisi sebagai penyebab utama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat korelasi antara asupan asam folat dengan indikator TB/U. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder dari penelitian yang dilakukan pada Mei 2011 dengan subjek anak 5-6 tahun yang berdomisili di beberapa RW di Jalan Kimia, Jakarta Pusat. Metode penelitian menggunakan pengukuran antropometri terstandar untuk memperoleh tinggi badan subjek serta ­food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) untuk mengetahui asupan asam folat subjek. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah menggunakan piranti lunak SPSS 11.5 lalu dianalisis dengan uji Spearman dan uji Chi-Square. Didapatkan bahwa persentase subjek stunted adalah sebesar 20% dan lebih dari 70% subjek memiliki asupan asam folat harian rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi antara asupan asam folat dengan indikator TB/U.

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Stunting is a health issue commonly found in Indonesian children of 0-5 years old, whose height-for-age is lower than the 5th percentile standard set by WHO. Having 37,2% of its 0-5 years old population to be stunted (2013), Indonesia claims a high severity stunting level from WHO. Stunting rises as an important issue because of its inter-generation lasting poor effect. Stunting is a chronic and multifactorial condition in which nutrient deficiency holds the main etiology.

This research aims to determine whether a correlation between folic acid intake and height-for-age indicator exists. Running a cross-sectional study design, this research uses secondary data from a former research conducted in May 2011 with children of 5-6 years old living in some RWs located at Kimia Street, Central Jakarta as its subjects.

The research method comprised a standardized anthropometric measurement and the usage of food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to obtain subject's height and folic acid intake respectively. Using SPSS 11.5 software, data is then analyzed by Spearman and Chi-Square test, resulting 20% of subjects being stunted and more than 70% of subjects receiving under-par folic acid intake. This research shows that no correlation could be found between folic acid intake and height-for-age indicator."

"ABSTRAKStunting merupakan kondisi malnutrisi pada anak yaitu tinggi badan menurut usia lebih dari minus 2 simpang baku. Indonesia menempati urutan kelima di dunia. Stunting berkorelasi dengan asupan makanan terutama protein, IGF-1 dan protein pengikat Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Protein IGFBP-3 , dan Zinc Zn . Kualitas protein dinilai dari profil asam amino bebas plasma Plasma Free Amino Acid = PFAA dan kuantitas dinilai dari jumlah asupan protein harian. Beberapa penelitian menemukan kadar IGF-1 dipengaruhi oleh polimorfisme SNP rs5742612, rs35767 dan rs35766. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran profil PFAA, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, polimorfisme IGF-1, Insulin, dan Zn pada anak.Penelitian ini merupakan studi comparative cross sectional dilakukan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Lembaga Biomolekular Eijkman, dan Labkesda DKI Jakarta. Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 1 ndash;3 tahun berasal dari UPTD Puskesmas Jatinegara dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 101 anak stunted dan 101 anak nonstunted.Pada penelitian ini didapatkan kadar 8 dari 9 AA esensial, 2 AA esensial kondisional, dan 2 AA nonesensial lebih rendah bermakna kelompok stunted dibandingkan nonstunted. Profil PFAA yaitu jumlah anak di bawah nilai rujukan berbeda bermakna antara kelompok stunted dan nonstunted. Terdapat korelasi 8 AA esensial, 1 AA esensial kondisional, dan 2 AA nonesensial dengan tinggi badan anak. Pada kelompok anak stunted, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, Zn, energi total dan protein lebih rendah bermakna dari kelompok anak nonstunted. Terdapat korelasi bermakna AA esensial dengan IGF-1 dan IGFBP-3. Polimorfisme rs35766 genotipe AG kodominan memiliki pengaruh terhadap kadar IGF-1 pada kelompok nonstunted. Faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian stunting adalah energi atau protein, IGF-1 yang berinteraksi dengan genotipe kodominan AG, IGFBP-3, dan Zn.Simpulan: PFAA, IGF-1 yang berinteraksi dengan SNP rs35766 genotipe kodominan AG, memiliki pengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pemberian pola makan yang tepat untuk mencegah dan mengatasi anak stunted. Kata kunci: AA esensial, AA nonesensial, IGFBP-3, insulin, PFAA, stunting, Zn

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ABSTRACTStunting is a malnourished condition in children defined by height for age is under minus 2 standard deviation. Indonesia ranked fifth in world for this condition. Stunting mainly corelates with low protein intakes, IGF-1 and its binding protein Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein/IGFBP-3 , and zinc Zn . Plasma free amino acid profile PFAA measures quality of protein intake, whilst its quantity measured by daily protein intake records. Previous studies found IGF-1 level affected by single nucleotide polymorphism SNP on rs5742612, rs35767 and rs35766. This study aims to analyze the role of PFAA, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-1 polymorphism, insulin, and Zn in children.This study is a comparative cross-sectional study held in Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, and Jakarta Provincial Public Health Laboratory. Subjects were children age 1 ndash;3 years old from Jatinegara Region Public Health Centre divided into two groups of 101 stunted children and 101 non-stunted children.Eight essential AA levels, 2 conditional essential AAs, 2 nonessential AAs were significantly lower in stunted groups than non-stunted. There was significant difference of profile PFAA below normal range between stunted and non-stunted group. Eight essential amino acids, 1 conditional essential amino acid, and 2 non-essential amino acid correlate with children rsquo;s height. IGF-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, Zn, total energy, and protein were significantly lower in stunted children compare to non-stunted children. Significant correlations found for all essential amino acids with IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. The rs35766 AG codominant polymorphism affects IGF-1 level in non-stunted group. Factors affects stunting condition were total energy or protein intake, IGF-1 that interacts with AG codominant genotype, IGFBP-3, and Zn.Conclusion: PFAA and IGF-1 that interacts with SNP rs35766 AG codominant genotype affect stunting. Further study needed to determine appropriate dietary habit for stunting prevention and treatsment. Keywords: Essential amino acid, IGFBP-3, insulin, non-essential amino acid, plasma free amino acid profile, stunting, zinc"