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"Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (LDDD) adalah salah satu penyebab utama nyeri punggung bawah pada populasi dewasa. Vitamin D, reseptor vitamin D (VDR), dan aggrecan serum memiliki peran dalam patogenesis degenerasi diskus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kadar serum vitamin D, reseptor vitamin D, dan aggrecan dengan derajat keparahan LDDD pada populasi dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 85 subjek usia dewasa yang didiagnosis LDDD. Kadar serum vitamin D, VDR, dan aggrecan diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Derajat keparahan LDDD ditentukan berdasarkan Klasifikasi Pfirrmann melalui pencitraan MRI. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Chi-square, ROC, dan korelasi Pearson atau Spearman. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kadar vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan LDDD (p=0,01), dengan subjek yang memiliki kadar vitamin D insufisiensi lebih cenderung mengalami LDDD sedang. Sebaliknya, kadar aggrecan menunjukkan hubungan negatif yang signifikan dengan derajat LDDD (p<0,001), di mana kadar aggrecan yang lebih rendah berkorelasi dengan keparahan LDDD yang lebih tinggi. Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara kadar VDR dan keparahan LDDD (p=0,492). Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara kadar vitamin D dan aggrecan serum dengan derajat keparahan LDDD pada populasi dewasa. Kadar aggrecan yang rendah dan insufisiensi vitamin D berhubungan dengan LDDD yang lebih berat, sedangkan VDR tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan.

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Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (LDDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP) in the adult population. Serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and aggrecan are believed to play roles in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D, VDR, and aggrecan with the severity of LDDD in adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 85 adult subjects diagnosed with LDDD. Serum levels of vitamin D, VDR, and aggrecan were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The severity of LDDD was graded using the Pfirrmann classification via MRI imaging. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square tests, ROC analysis, and Pearson or Spearman correlation. A significant association was found between vitamin D levels and the severity of LDDD (p=0.01), with subjects having insufficient vitamin D levels more likely to experience moderate LDDD. In contrast, aggrecan levels showed a significant negative association with LDDD severity (p<0.001), where lower aggrecan levels correlated with higher LDDD severity. No significant relationship was observed between VDR levels and LDDD severity (p=0.492). This study demonstrates a significant relationship between serum vitamin D and aggrecan levels with the severity of LDDD in adults. Low aggrecan levels and vitamin D insufficiency are associated with more severe LDDD, while VDR levels showed no significant association."

"Latar belakang: Alopesia androgenetik (AAG) merupakan jenis kebotakan rambut paling umum pada laki-laki yang menyebabkan gangguan estetik sehingga memengaruhi kualitas hidup dan dapat berkaitan dengan kondisi sistemik. Tata laksana yang ada seringkali belum memuaskan. Vitamin D sebagai salah satu mikronutrien yang telah dikenal memiliki banyak manfaat juga diduga berperan dalam kejadian kelainan rambut termasuk AAG.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kadar 25(OH)D serum dan status kecukupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan AAG pada laki-laki.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian dipilih menggunakan metode consecutive sampling berdasarkan kriteria penelitian. Diagnosis AAG ditegakkan secara klinis berdasarkan klasifikasi Hamilton-Norwood lalu dibagi menjadi derajat ringan dan sedang-berat. Dilakukan pula fotografi 7 posisi kepala serta pemeriksaan trikoskopi dan Trichoscan®. Pemeriksaan kadar 25(OH)D serum diambil dari darah vena sebanyak 3 mL dan menggunakan metode chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Klasifikasi status kecukupan vitamin D ditetapkan menjadi defisiensi dan nondefisiensi berdasarkan Endocrine Society Guideline. Nilai p<0,05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik.Hasil: Di antara 74 SP dengan rerata usia 37,4(8,89) tahun yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian, sebanyak 29 orang (39,2%) mengalami AAG ringan dan 45 orang (60,8%) mengalami AAG sedang hingga berat. Rerata kadar 25(OH)D serum untuk seluruh SP adalah 18,9(5,89) ng/mL yang termasuk ke dalam kategori defisiensi vitamin D. Rerata kadar 25(OH)D serum pada SP dengan AAG ringan adalah 21,8(6,39) ng/mL dan pada AAG sedang hingga berat sebesar 17,1(4,79) ng/mL. Terdapat hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara kadar 25(OH)D serum dan status kecukupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan AAG (p=0,01; p<0,001). Sebagai data tambahan, ditemukan pula hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara diameter rambut (p=0,036) dengan derajat keparahan AAG.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status kecukupan vitamin D dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum dengan derajat keparahan AAG pada laki-laki.

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Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men which causes aesthetic disturbances that affect quality of life and can be associated with systemic conditions. Existing management is often not satisfactory. Vitamin D, as a micronutrient that is known to have many benefits, is also thought to play a role in the incidence of hair disorders including AGA.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D sufficiency status with the severity of AGA in men.

Method: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study subjects were selected using consecutive sampling. The diagnosis of AGA was established clinically according to the Hamilton-Norwood classification and then categorized into mild and moderate-severe degrees. Photographs of the head in seven positions were taken, and trichoscopy and Trichoscan® examinations were performed. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured from 3 mL of venous blood using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method. Vitamin D status was classified as deficient or non-deficient according to the Endocrine Society Guideline. Statistical significance were set at p<0.05.

Results: Among the 74 subjects with a mean age of 37.4 (8.89) years, 29 (39.2%) had mild AGA and 45 (60.8%) had moderate to severe AGA. The mean serum 25(OH)D level for all participants was 18.9 (5.89) ng/mL, indicating vitamin D deficiency. For those with mild AGA, the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 21.8 (6.39) ng/mL, while for those with moderate to severe AGA, it was 17.1 (4.79) ng/mL. There was a statistically significant association between serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D status with AGA severity (p=0.01; p<0.001). Additionally, a significant association was found between hair diameter and AGA severity (p=0.036).

Conclusion: This study found significant association between vitamin D status and serum 25(OH)D levels with AGA severity in men"

"Latar Belakang: Stroke iskemik merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak kedua dan penyebab utama disabilitas di seluruh dunia. Beberapa faktor risiko yang sudah diketahui diantaranya pola hidup, penyakit komorbid, usia, jenis kelamin, dan ras. Namun, kadar serum vitamin D yang kurang ternyata juga dikaitkan dengan penyakit neurodegeneratif, serta luaran klinis yang lebih buruk. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar serum vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan pada stroke iskemik yang dinilai berdasarkan NIHSS. Pada penelitian ini juga akan menilai asupan vitamin D serta pajanan sinar matahari.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Universitas Indonesia. Karakteristik subjek penelitian berupa usia, jenis kelamin, faktor risiko, penyakit komorbid dengan komplikasi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan vitamin D, pajanan sinar matahari, kadar serum vitamin D, serta derajat keparahan. Dilakukan analisis korelasi kadar serum vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan berdasarkan NIHSS.Hasil: Terdapat 59 subjek dengan diagnosis stroke iskemik dengan rerata usia 63 tahun dan mayoritas laki-laki (62,7%). Faktor risiko terbanyak adalah hipertensi (83,1%), berat badan lebih dan obesitas (64,4%), merokok (57,6%), dan diabetes melitus (42,4%). Penyakit komorbid dengan komplikasi tersering yang ditemukan adalah gangguan jantung (35,6%). Sebanyak 79,7% subjek penelitian memiliki asupan protein yang kurang, sedangkan asupan lemak seluruhnya tergolong cukup. Sebagian besar (52,5%) subjek penelitian memiliki status asupan vitamin D kurang, 5 orang mengonsumsi suplementasi vitamin D secara rutin, derajat pajanan sinar matahari rendah (89,8%). Sebanyak 59,3% memiliki status kadar serum vitamin D defisiensi dengan derajat keparahan terbanyak adalah skor NIHSS 5-15 (76,3%). Terdapat korelasi antara asupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan stroke iskemik (r -0,307, p 0,018).Kesimpulan: Kadar serum vitamin D memiliki korelasi dengan derajat keparahan stroke iskemik (r -0,469, p <0,001). Kadar serum vitamin D yang kurang berbanding terbalik dengan skor NIHSS yang didapatkan pada penderita stroke iskemik onset akut.

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Background: Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Some of the known risk factors include lifestyle, comorbid diseases, age, gender, and race. However, deficient serum vitamin D levels are also associated with neurodegenerative diseases, as well as worse clinical outcomes. This study was conducted to determine the correlation of serum vitamin D levels with severity in ischemic stroke as assessed by the NIHSS. This study will also assess vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study on ischemic stroke patients at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and University of Indonesia Hospital. Characteristics of the study subjects included age, gender, risk factors, comorbid diseases with complications, protein intake, fat intake, vitamin D intake, sun exposure, serum vitamin D levels, and severity. Correlation analysis of serum vitamin D levels with severity based on NIHSS was conducted.

Results: There were 59 subjects with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke with an average age of 63 years and the majority were male (62.7%). The most common risk factors were hypertension (83.1%), overweight and obesity (64.4%), smoking (57.6%), and diabetes mellitus (42.4%). Comorbid disease with the most common complication found were cardiac disorders (35.6%). A total of 79.7% of the study subjects had insufficient protein intake, while the fat intake was entirely considered adequate. Most (52.5%) of the study subjects had deficient vitamin D intake status, 5 people took vitamin D supplementation regularly, the degree of sun exposure was low (89.8%). A total of 59.3% had vitamin D deficiency serum level status with the most severity being NIHSS score 5-15 (76.3%). There was a correlation between vitamin D intake and ischemic stroke severity (r -0,307, p 0,018).

Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels have a correlation with ischemic stroke severity (r -0,469, p <0,001). Insufficient serum vitamin D levels are inversely proportional to the NIHSS score obtained in patients with acute onset ischemic stroke."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Vitamin D diketahui berperan penting dalam memodulasi sistem imunitas. Defisiensi vitamin D sering dihubungkan dengan peningkatan risiko kerentanan dan keparahan terhadap berbagai penyakit infeksi. Penelitian yang meninjau hubungan antara vitamin D dan dengue sangat terbatas. Dengue adalah penyakit dengan beban kesehatan global yang besar, eksplorasi terhadap faktor imunomodulator yang berpotensi untuk menjadi bagian dari upaya pencegahan dan tatalaksana infeksi dengue termasuk vitamin D masih diperlukan.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah ada perbedaan rerata kadar vitamin D serum pada berbagai derajat keparahan infeksi dengue di masing-masing fase infeksi.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan dari Oktober 2016-Januari 2018 terhadap 61 pasien dengan infeksi dengue di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Data dikumpulkan melalui rekam medik, hasil pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, kadar 25(OH)D, serta foto rontgen toraks decubitus kanan. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji anova, kai kuadrat, Fisher exact, regresi linear dan logistik dengan interval kepercayaan 95% dan nilai kemaknaan 0.05.Hasil. Rerata kadar vitamin D serum pada infeksi dengue dengan kebocoran plasma (DD) adalah 24.6 ng/ml. Pada infeksi dengue dengan kebocoran plasma (DBD dan SSD) rerata kadar vitamin D pada fase demam adalah 26.66 ng/ml, 21.91 ng/ml pada fase kritis, dan 25.36 ng/ml pada fase konvalesens. Tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan dan hubungan bermakna antara kadar serta status kecukupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan infeksi dengue. Kadar vitamin serum pada fase akut infeksi dengue memiliki korelasi positif dengan hitung trombosit terendah (p=0.03).Simpulan. Kadar vitamin D serum pada berbagai derajat infeksi dengue di masing-masing fase infeksi pada anak tidak berbeda bermakna. Kadar vitamin D serum pada fase demam berhubungan dengan hitung trombosit terendah pada kasus dengue.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Vitamin D has an important role in modulating the immune system. Low level of vitamin D is frequently associated with higher risk of susceptibility and severity to various infectious disease. Studies on dengue infection and vitamin D are still limited. Until today dengue is known to have a high global burden of disease. Therefore, a continouing investigation on potential modulating factors that may be beneficial in the efforts of dengue prevention and management which includes vitamin D is still required.Objectives. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference of vitamin D serum values in various levels of dengue infection severity in children in each phase of disease.Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2016 until January 2018 at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. Sixty-one children with dengue infection were included in this study. Data were collected from medical records, ultrasonograpy, 25(OH)D laboratory test, and right lateral decubitus xray. Statistical analysis was calculated with anova, chi-square, fisher exact, linear and logistic regression with 95% confidence interval and 0.05 level of significance.Results. The mean value of 25(OH)D in dengue infection without plasma leakage (Dengeu Fever) is 24.6 ng/ml, while in dengue infection with plasma leakage (Dengue Hemorhaggic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome) the mean value are 26.66 ng/ml in febrile phase, 21.91 ng/ml in critical phase, and 25.36 ng/ml in convalescence phase. No significant difference and association were found between the values and status of vitamin D among various level of dengue infection severity. A positive linear correlation was found between the level of vitamin D in the febrile phase dengue infection and thrombocyte lowest count (p=0.03)Conclusions. There are no difference between the value of vitamin D among children with various levels of dengue infection severity in each phase of disease. Vitamin D serum level during febrile phase may have a role in predicting thrombocyte lowest count during dengue infection."

"Salah satu peran sistem imunitas terhadap infeksi M.leprae adalah respons makrofag melalui interaksinya dengan vitamin D dan reseptor vitamin D (RVD). Interaksi vitamin D dengan RVD pada berbagai sel imun akan menstimulasi ekspresi katelisidin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) dan kadar plasma RVD serta hubungannya dengan IB pada pasien kusta. Penelitian ini berupa observasional-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 28 subjek penelitian (SP) menjalani pemeriksaan slit-skin smear kemudian diagnosis kusta ditegakkan berdasarkan tanda kardinal kusta. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan. Kadar serum 25(OH)D diperiksa dengan metode chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) dan kadar plasma RVD dilakukan dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 12,68 ng/ml (4,88 – 44,74). Median kadar plasma RVD adalah 1,36 ng/ml (0,26 – 8,04). Berdasarkan analisis regresi multivariat, tidak terdapat hubungan antara IB dengan kadar serum 25(OH)D dan kadar plasma RVD (R square = 0,055). Tedapat korelasi positif kuat antara kadar serum 25(OH)D dengan skor pajanan sinar matahari (r = 0,863; p < 0,001).

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One of many immunity system’s roles against M. leprae infection is macrophage response through its interaction with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). The interaction between vitamin D and VDR in various immune cells will stimulate the expression of cathelicidin. The objective is to analyze the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with IB in leprosy patients. This observational analytic study was performed with cross-sectional design. A total of 28 subjects underwent a slit-skin smear examination and then the diagnosis of leprosy was made based on the cardinal signs. This study also assessed the patient’s sun exposure with weekly sun exposure questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D level was assessed with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method and RVD plasma level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median serum level of 25(OH)D was 12.68 ng/ml (4.88 – 44.74). Median plasma level of VDR was 1.36 ng/ml (0.26 – 8.04). Based on multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant association between BI and serum level of 25(OH)D and plasma level of VDR (R square = 0.055). There was strong positive correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and sun exposure score (r = 0.863; p < 0.001)."

"Usia lanjut berisiko tinggi mengalami defisiensi vitamin D, sedangkan vitamin D memiliki efek protektif terhadap massa otot. Penurunan massa otot dan fungsinya disebut dengan sarkopenia. Prevalensi sarkopenia sangat tinggi pada usia lanjut yang tinggal di panti wreda, kondisi ini disebabkan gaya hidup sedentari pada penghuni panti wreda. Deteksi dini sarkopenia dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur fungsi otot, salah satunya adalah mengukur performa fisik dengan tes short physical performance battery (SPPB). Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara kadar vitamin D serum dengan performa fisik pada usia lanjut di lima panti wreda yang terdaftar di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Pengambilan subjek dilakukan dengan cara proportional random sampling, didapatkan 100 usila yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pemeriksaan kadar vitamin D menggunakan kadar kalsidiol serum dengan metode chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Pemeriksaan massa otot menggunakan bioelectric impedance analysis Tanita SC-330. Analisis korelasi menggunakan uji nonparametrik. Didapatkan nilai tengah usia subjek adalah 74,89 tahun dan 72% subjek adalah perempuan. Terdapat  85% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin D yang kurang dan  94% subjek memiliki skor pajanan sinar matahari yang rendah, serta seluruh subjek masih memiliki massa otot yang normal. Nilai tengah kadar vitamin D serum  adalah 15,50(4-32) ng/mL, dengan 72% subjek mengalami defisiensi vitamin D. Nilai tengah performa fisik adalah 9(3-12) dan sebanyak 47% subjek mengalami performa fisik yang buruk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar vitamin D serum dengan performa fisik pada usia lanjut di panti wreda (r=0,130; p=0,196).

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Elderly individuals have a risk of vitamin D deficiency, whereas vitamin D has a protective effect on muscle mass. Decrease in muscle mass and function is called sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia is very high in the elderly who live in nursing homes, this condition is due to the sedentary lifestyle. Early detection of sarcopenia can be done by measuring physical performance with short physical performance battery (SPPB) test. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the correlation between vitamin D serum levels with physical performance among elderly individuals in five nursing homes registered in South Tangerang. A hundred subjects who fulfilled study criteria gathered using proportional random sampling method. Examination of vitamin D levels using calcidiol serum with the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. Muscle mass was measured using bioelectric impedance analysis Tanita type SC-330. Nonparametric correlation was used for correlation analysis. Median age of subjects was 74.89 years old and 72% were female. Eighty-five percent of subjects had low vitamin D intake, 94% of subjects had low sun exposure score, and all subjects had normal muscle mass. Mean level of vitamin D serum was 15.50 (4-32) ng/mL, with 72% of subjects had vitamin D deficiency. Mean score of physical performance was 9(3-12) and 47% of subjects had low physical performance. This study showed that there was no correlation found between vitamin D serum levels with physical performance among elderly individuals in nursing homes (r=0.130; p=0.196)."

"Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronik progresif dengan sebagian besar populasi berada pada usia produktif. Di Indonesia, capaian kendali glikemik yang optimal hanya didapatkan pada 20-30% pasien. Hal ini meningkatkan risiko komplikasi muskuloskeletal seperti sarkopenia yang sudah mulai terjadi sejak usia 20 tahun. Vitamin D merupakan salah satu suplementasi nutrisi yang direkomendasikan dalam tata laksana sarkopenia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara vitamin D dengan sarkopenia pada populasi DM tipe 2 usia dewasa nongeriatri.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan populasi DM tipe 2 berusia 18-59 tahun yang berobat di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia pada bulan Januari 2021 sampai dengan April 2022. Dilakukan pengukuran massa otot dengan bioimpedance analysis (BIA), kekuatan genggam tangan, kecepatan berjalan, antropometri, serta kadar HbA1c dan vitamin D serum. Titik potong vitamin D ditentukan berdasarkan kurva receiver-operating characteristic (ROC).

Hasil: Dari 99 subjek, 38,4% mengalami sarkopenia, yang terdiri dari 94,7% possible sarcopenia dan 5,3% true sarcopenia. Kadar vitamin D di bawah 32 ng/mL didapatkan pada 78,9% kelompok sarkopenia. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, prevalensi sarkopenia pada populasi DM tipe 2 dengan defisiensi vitamin D didapatkan 1,94 kali lebih tinggi (p=0,043) dibandingkan dengan populasi DM tipe 2 tanpa defisiensi vitamin D, setelah dilakukan penyesuaian dengan usia, jenis kelamin, HbA1c, dan obesitas.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar vitamin D dengan sarkopenia pada populasi DM tipe 2 usia dewasa nongeriatri, setelah penyesuaian dengan faktor usia, jenis kelamin, HbA1c, dan obesitas.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic disease with most of the population being at productive age. In Indonesia, optimal glycemic control is only achieved in 20-30% of patients which increases the risk of musculoskeletal complications such as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia has been known to develop since the age of 20. Vitamin D is one of the recommended nutritional supplementations in the management of sarcopenia.

Aim: We aimed to determine the association between serum vitamin D and sarcopenia in nongeriatric adults with T2DM.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 18-59 years old T2DM outpatients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia between January 2021 and April 2022. We performed muscle mass measurement using bioimpedance analysis (BIA), handgrip strength, gait speed, anthropometrics, as well as serum vitamin D and HbA1c levels. The cut-off Vitamin D level was determined using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results: A total of 99 subjects were analyzed of which 38.4% had sarcopenia. The proportion of possible sarcopenia was 94.7% and true sarcopenia 5.3%. Vitamin D level below 32 ng/mL was found in 78.9% of the sarcopenia group. Based on multivariate analysis, the prevalence of sarcopenia in the T2DM population with vitamin D deficiency was found to be 1.94 times higher (p=0.043) compared to the T2DM population without vitamin D deficiency, after adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, and obesity.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between vitamin D levels and sarcopenia in nongeriatric adults with T2DM, after adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, and obesity."