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"Latar Belakang: Palfique Universal Flow® merupakan resin komposit flowable yang digunakan untuk merestorasi gigi anterior dan posterior. Untuk dapat beredar di pasaran, material restorasi harus memenuhi karakteristik standar, salah satunya adalah kekuatan fleksural. Material restorasi akan terpapar oleh lingkungan mulut yang kondisi pH-nya selalu berubah sehingga dapat berdampak pada kekuatan fleksuralnya. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh perendaman resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow® tipe medium pada berbagai pH saliva buatan terhadap kekuatan fleksural. Metode: Sejumlah dua puluh empat spesimen resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow® tipe medium dengan dimensi 25 x 2,8 x 2 mm dikelompokkan menjadi empat, yaitu kelompok tanpa perlakuan, perendaman di saliva buatan pH 3, pH 5,5, dan pH 7. Setelah direndam selama 7 hari, kekuatan fleksural diukur menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney, dan Independent T-Test. Hasil: Nilai kekuatan fleksural pada kelompok tanpa perlakuan merupakan yang tertinggi dan semakin rendah pada perendaman di dalam saliva buatan pH 7; 5,5; dan 3 secara berturut-turut dengan perbedaan signifikan (p≤0,05). Nilai antar kelompok berbeda signifikan pada seluruh kelompok (p≤0,05), kecuali pada pH 3 dengan pH 5,5 dan pH 5,5 dengan pH 7 (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Saliva buatan yang asam menyebabkan nilai kekuatan fleksural resin komposit supra-nano Palfique Universal Flow® tipe medium menjadi lebih rendah.

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Background: Palfique Universal Flow® is a flowable composite resin that used for restoring both anterior and posterior teeth. To be marketed, restorative materials must meet standard characteristics, one of which is flexural strength. Restorative materials are exposed to the oral environment, where pH conditions continuously change, potentially affecting their flexural strength. Objective: To analyze the effect of immersion medium-type supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow®in artificial saliva at various pH levels on the flexural strength. Methods: Twenty-four specimens of medium-type supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow®, with dimensions of 25 x 2.8 x 2 mm, divided into four groups: untreated, immersion in artificial saliva with pH 3, pH 5.5, and pH 7. After a 7-days immersion, the flexural strength was measured using a Universal Testing Machine. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Independent T-Test. Results: The flexural strength values in the untreated group were the highest, decreasing within immersion in artificial saliva at pH 7, 5.5, and 3 with significant differences observed (p≤0.05). Significant differences were noted between groups in all cases (p≤0.05), except between pH 3 and pH 5.5, as well as between pH 5.5 and pH 7 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Artificial saliva with acidic pH levels leads to lower flexural strength values of the medium-type supra-nano composite resin Palfique Universal Flow®.

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"Latar Belakang : Resin komposit menjadi salah satu jenis material restorasi yang banyak digunakan karena memiliki keunggulan dalam sifat fisik, mekanik, dan estetika. Salah satu resin komposit yang beredar di Indonesia adalah Resin Komposit Palfique Supra-Nano Universal Flow yang dikembangkan partikel filler-nya dan diklaim memiliki sifat fisik yang baik antara lain water sorption dan solubility. Penggunaan resin komposit seiring waktu akan terpapar oleh lingkungan rongga mulut akibat adanya saliva yang pH-nya bisa berubah seiring konsumsi makanan dan minuman sehingga mempengaruhi water sorption dan solubility-nya. Hingga saat ini, belum terdapat penelitian mengenai pengaruh perendaman pada berbagai pH saliva buatan terhadap water sorption dan solubility Resin Komposit Palfique Supra-nano Universal Flow. Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh perendaman Resin Komposit Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow tipe Super Low dan Medium pada berbagai pH saliva buatan terhadap water sorption dan solubility. Metode : Empat puluh delapan spesimen Resin Komposit Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow tipe Super Low dan Medium dengan dimensi 15 x 1 mm dibagi menjadi delapan kelompok uji berdasarkan tipe dan perendaman, yaitu pada perendaman di dalam akuades, saliva buatan pH 3, 5,5, dan 7 masing-masing selama 7 hari. Perhitungan dari nilai water sorption dan solubility dilakukan sesuai ISO 4049 : 2019. Analisis data menggunakan uji One way ANOVA dan Kruskall Wallis. Hasil : Nilai water sorption dan solubility pada kedua tipe Resin Komposit Palfique Supra-nano Universal Flow semakin tinggi pada perendaman pH yang semakin rendah. Perendaman di dalam akuades dan saliva buatan pH 3 mengalami kenaikan secara signifikan (p<0,05), dan tidak signifikan pada perendaman di dalam saliva buatan pH 3 dengan pH 5,5 dan pH 7 (p<0,05). Nilai solubility pada perendaman di dalam saliva buatan pH 3 dengan pH 5,5 mengalami kenaikan secara signifikan (p<0,05), sedangkan pada saliva buatan pH 5,5 dengan 7 tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Tipe Super Low memiliki nilai water sorption dan solubility yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe Medium pada semua perendaman namun tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Terjadi peningkatan nilai water sorption dan solubility Resin Komposit Palfique Supra-nano Universal Flow setelah perendaman di dalam saliva buatan pH 3 dibandingkan pH 5,5, 7, dan akuades.

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Background : Composite resin is one type of restoration material that is widely used because it has advantages in physical, mechanical, and aesthetic properties. One of the composite resins distributed in Indonesia is Palfique Supra-nano Universal Flow Composite Resin which developed its filler particles and claimed to have good physical and mechanical properties, one of which is the physical properties of water sorption and solubility. The use of composite resins over time will be exposed to the oral environment due to the presence of saliva which pH of saliva can change with the consumption of food and drinks, that affecting the water sorption and solubility of the Composite Resin. Until now, there’s not yet research the effect of immersion at various pH artificial saliva on water sorption and solubility of Palfique Supra-nano Universal Flow Composite Resin. Objective : To analyze the effect of immersion type Super Low and Medium Palfique Supra-Nano Universal Flow Composite Resin at various pH artificial saliva on water sorption and solubilty. Methods : Forty-eight type Super Low and Medium Palfique Supra-Nano Universal Flow Composite Resin specimens with dimensions of 15 x 1 mm were divided into eight test groups based on type and immersion ; distilled water, artificial saliva pH 3, 5,5, and 7 for 7 days. Calculations of water sorption and solubility values will be made according to ISO 4049: 2019. Data analysis used One way ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis test. Results : The value of water sorption and solubility for both types (Super Low and Medium) is higher in immersion at lower pH. Immersion in distilled water and artificial saliva pH 3 in both types increased significantly (p<0.05), and in artificial saliva pH 3 with pH 5.5 and pH 7 was not significant (p<0.05). The solubility value in pH 3 immersion with pH 5.5 increased significantly (p<0.05), while at pH 5.5 and 7 it was not significant (p>0.05). The Super Low type has higher water sorption and solubility values than the Medium type in all immersions but not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion : There is an increase on water sorption and solubility of Palfique Supra-nano Universal Flow Composite Resin after immersion at artificial pH 3 compared to pH 5,5, 7, and distilled water."

"Latar Belakang: Resin komposit merupakan bahan restorasi yang telah dikembangkan komposisinya sehingga memiliki sifat estetika, fisik, dan mekanik yang lebih baik dan diharapkan dapat mengatasi masalah yang disebabkan oleh material restorasi lainnya. Resin komposit PALFIQUE® Universal Flow dari Tokuyama Dental merupakan resin komposit yang telah dikembangkan partikel filler-nya dan diklaim memiliki kemampuan pemolesan yang tinggi serta estetika yang sempurna. Salah satu sifat permukaan restorasi resin komposit, surface gloss, memegang peranan penting terhadap estetika restorasi. Surface gloss dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik dan diantara faktor ekstrinsik yaitu sistem pemolesan. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh sistem pemolesan terhadap surface gloss resin komposit supra-nano PALFIQUE® Universal Flow tipe Super Low dan Medium. Metode: Empat puluh delapan spesimen resin komposit supranano PALFIQUE® Universal Flow berbentuk silinder berdiameter 6 mm dan tinggi 2 mm dibuat untuk penelitian ini. Spesimen dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok berdasarkan tipe resin komposit (Super Low dan Medium) dan sistem pemolesan (Sof-LexTM Spiral, Sof- LexTM XT Polishing Discs, Tanpa Pemolesan). Penyinaran resin komposit dilakukan dengan light curing unit iradiansi 1050 mW/cm2 selama 12 detik. Setiap spesimen dilakukan pengujian surface gloss dengan glossmeter sebanyak tiga kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik One-Way ANOVA dan Independent Sample T-Test. Hasil: Nilai surface gloss semua kelompok berada pada rentang 76–96 GU. Surface gloss tertinggi dimiliki oleh kelompok tanpa pemolesan. Sistem pemolesan Sof-LexTM XT Polishing Discs menghasilkan surface gloss lebih tinggi dibandingkan Sof-LexTM Spiral dengan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05). Surface gloss resin komposit tipe Super Low lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe Medium dengan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,01). Kesimpulan: Surface gloss turut dipengaruhi oleh tipe resin komposit dan sistem pemolesan.

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Background: Composite resin is a restorative material with composition that has been developed so that it has better aesthetic, physical, and mechanical properties and is expected to overcome problems caused by other restorative materials. PALFIQUE® Universal Flow composite resin from Tokuyama Dental is a composite resin with developed filler particles and is claimed to have high polishing ability and perfect aesthetics. One of the surface properties of composite resin restorations, surface gloss, plays an important role in the aesthetics of the restoration. Surface gloss is influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and among the extrinsic factors is the polishing system. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different polishing systems on surface gloss of Super Low and Medium PALFIQUE® Universal Flow composite resin. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight specimens of PALFIQUE® Universal Flow supra-nano composite resin in cylindrical shape (diameter of 6 mm and height 2 mm) were used in this study. The specimens were divided into six groups by type (Super Low and Medium) and by polishing systems (Sof-LexTM Spiral, Sof-LexTM XT Polishing Discs, mylar strip). Specimens were polymerized with light curing unit for 12 seconds with light irradiance of 1050 mW/cm2. Each specimen was tested for surface gloss with a glossmeter three times. Data then were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-Test. Results: Surface gloss value of all groups were above the clinically acceptable threshold (76–96 GU). Highest surface gloss value was shown on the mylar strip group. Higher surface gloss values were produced by Sof-LexTM XT Polishing Discs compared to Sof-LexTM Spiral, statistically significant (p<0,05). Surface gloss values were significantly higher on type Super Low compared to Medium (p<0,01). Conclusion: In this study, surface gloss value was influenced both by the type of composite resin and differences in polishing systems."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman dalam saliva buatan terhadap perubahan pH-nya dan kekasaran permukaan resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill. Jumlah spesimen 63 buah dibagi dalam sembilan kelompok perlakuan yaitu perendaman dalam saliva buatan pH 7; 5,5; dan 4,5 selama masing-masing 1 jam, 24 jam, dan 72 jam pada suhu 370C. Perubahan pH saliva buatan diukur menggunakan pH meter dan pengujian kekasaran permukaan spesimen menggunakan surface roughness tester. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada setiap kelompok perlakuan.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of immersion time on artificial saliva pH changes and surface roughness of Giomer Bulk Fill composite resin. Sixty three specimens were divided into nine groups with immersion in artificial saliva pH 7, 5.5, and 4.5 for 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours at 370C respectively. The changes in artificial saliva pH were measured using a pH meter and the surface roughness measured using surface roughness tester. The results showed that there were significant differences between each groups."

"Latar Belakang: Material restorasi yang paling berkembang pesat sampai saat ini adalah resin komposit. Resin komposit yang beredar di pasaran dan menurun klaim pabrik memiliki sifat estetika yang baik, mudah dimanipulasi, serta dapat dipakai secara universal adalah Resin Komposit Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow. Suatu material restorasi harus mengalami polimerisasi yang adekuat agar menghasilkan sifat fisik, kimia, mekanik, dan biologis yang optimal. Sifat kekerasan mikro dan depth of cure material dapat menjadi indikator seberapa baik polimerisasi suatu material. Pada keadaan klinis, anatomi gigi dapat menghalangi sinar untuk berada tepat di atas permukaan restorasi sehingga jarak dan durasi penyinaran memengaruhi kekerasan mikro dan depth of cure resin komposit. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh jarak dan durasi penyinaran terhadap kekerasan mikro dan depth of cure Resin Komposit Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow. Metode: Tiga puluh spesimen Resin Komposit Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow berbentuk silinder berdiameter 6 mm dan tinggi 2 mm dipersiapkan untuk penelitian ini. Spesimen terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok berdasarkan jarak penyinaran (0,3, dan 6 mm) dan durasi penyinaran (10 dan 15 detik) yang disinari light curing unit dengan iradiansi 1050 mW/cm2. Uji kekerasan dilakukan pada permukaan atas spesimen, dan diuji juga kekerasan pada permukaan bawah spesimen untuk menghitung depth of cure (DoC). DoC dihitung dengan menggunakan metode bottom/top hardness ratio (%). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik One-way ANOVA dan Independent Sample T-test. Hasil: Kekerasan mikro dan DoC semakin tinggi pada jarak yang semakin dekat baik pada durasi 10 maupun 15 detik. Nilai kekerasan mikro dan DoC pada durasi penyinaran 15 detik lebih tinggi dibandingkan durasi penyinaran 10 detik pada jarak yang sama secara signifikan (p<0.05). DoC > 80% hanya didapatkan pada kelompok dengan jarak penyinaran 0 mm dengan durasi penyinaran 10 dan 15 detik yaitu 81,44 ± 0,02% dan 92,64 ± 0,01% secara berurutan, serta pada kelompok dengan jarak penyinaran 3 mm dan durasi penyinaran 15 detik, yaitu 88,78 ± 0,02%. Kesimpulan: Semakin dekat jarak penyinaran dan semakin lama durasi penyinaran, maka kekerasan mikro dan DoC akan semakin tinggi.

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Background: The most rapidly developing restoration material to date is composite resin. The composite resin on the market and according to manufacturer claims has good aesthetic properties, is easy to manipulate and can be used universally is Palfique Universal Flow Supra-Nano Composite Resin. A material restoration must have an adequate polymerization to produce optimal physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties. The microhardness and depth of cure properties of a material can be an indicators of how well a material is polymerized. In clinical situations, anatomical teeth can prevent light from being directly above the surface of the restoration so that the distance and duration of light-curing affect the microhardness and depth of cure of the composite resin. Objective: To analyze the effect of light-curing distance and duration on the microhardness and depth of cure of Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow Composite Resin. Methods: Thirty specimens of Palfique Universal Flow Supra-Nano Composite Resin in a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm were prepared for this study. Specimens were divided into 6 groups based on the light-curing distance (0,3, and 6 mm) and duration (10 and 15 seconds) which were exposed to a light curing unit with an irradiance of 1050 mW/cm2. The hardness test was on the top surface of the specimen, and hardness was also tested on the bottom surface of the specimen to calculate the depth of cure (DoC). DoC was calculated using the bottom/top hardness ratio (%) method. Data was analyzed statistically by One-way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-test. Results: Microhardness and DoC were higher at closer light-curing distances for both 10 and 15 seconds. Microhardness and DoC values at a light-curing duration of 15 seconds were significantly higher than at a duration of 10 seconds at the same distance (p<0.05). DoC > 80% was only obtained in the group with a light-curing distance of 0 mm with a duration of 10 and 15 seconds, that is 81.44 ± 0.02% and 92.64 ± 0.01% respectively, and 88.78 ± 0.02% in the group with a light-curing distance of 3 mm and a duration of 15 seconds. Conclusion: The closer the light-curing distance and the longer the light-curing duration, the higher the microhardness and DoC."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai kekerasan resin komposit microhybrid G-aenial Posterior™ setelah perendaman dalam saliva buatan dengan pH 4,5; 5,5; dan 7 selama 1 hari dan 7 hari.Metode Penelitian: Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 36 spesimen resin komposit microhybrid G-aenial Posterior™ berbentuk silinder dengan ukuran diameter 6 mm dan tebal 2 mm. Selembar mylar strip diletakkan diatas permukaan resin komposit sebelum dilakukan proses curing. Polimerisasi dilakukan menggunakan Light Curing Unit (LED DBA iLed) selama 10 detik dengan irradiansi 1200 mW/cm2. Setelah polimerisasi, spesimen direndam dalam akuades pada suhu 37oC selama 24 jam. Spesimen dibagi menjadi enam kelompok (n = 6) yaitu; perendaman pada saliva buatan pH 4,5 selama 1 hari, saliva buatan pH 5,5 selama 1 hari, saliva buatan pH 7 selama 1 hari, saliva buatan pH 4,5 selama 7 hari, saliva buatan pH 5,5 selama 7 hari, dan saliva buatan pH 7 selama 7 hari. Spesimen diuji menggunakan HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester (Shimadzu, Jepang) dengan beban 50 gram selama 15 detik untuk mendapatkan nilai kekerasan. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik One-Way ANOVA dan Post-Hoc Bonferroni. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan penurunan bermakna nilai kekerasan material G-aenial PosteriorTM setelah dilakukan perendaman selama 1 dan 7 hari dalam saliva buatan dengan pH 4,5; 5,5; dan 7. Nilai kekerasan tertinggi terlihat pada resin komposit microhybrid G-aenial Posterior™ setelah perendaman 1 hari pada pH saliva buatan pH 7 yaitu sebesar 19,14 ± 0,61 VHN. Sedangkan nilai kekerasan terendah terlihat pada resin komposit microhybrid G-aenial Posterior™ setelah perendaman 7 hari pada pH saliva buatan pH 4,5 yaitu sebesar 14,37 ± 0,31 VHN. Kesimpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa dengan pertambahan waktu perendaman, dan penurunan pH saliva buatan didapatkan nilai kekerasan yang menurun pada resin komposit microhybrid G-aenial PosteriorTM.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the difference of Microhybrid G-Aenial Posterior™ Composite Resin hardness value after immersion in artificial saliva with pH 4.5; 5.5; and 7 for 1 day and 7 days. Method: 36 specimens of Microhybrid G-Aenial Posterior™ Composite Resin were used in this study. All materials were prepared into disk-shaped specimens of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. A piece of mylar strip was placed on the top of the specimens just before the polymerization. Polymerization was done using LED curing unit (LED DBA iLed) in 10 seconds with irradiance 1200 mW/cm2. After polymerization, specimens were immersed in 37C aquadest solution for 24 hours. Specimens were divided into six groups (n=6) immersed with artificial saliva pH 4,5 in a day; pH 5,5 in a day; pH 7 in a day; pH 4,5 in 7 days; pH 5,5 in 7 days; and pH 7 in 7 days. Specimens were tested with HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester (Shimadzu, Japan) with 50 gram indentation in 15 seconds. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Bonferroni to assess the significant differences among groups. Result: The result showed hardness significant decreased of G-aenial PosteriorTM after were immersed in 1 and 7 days in 4,5; 5,5; dan 7 pH of artificial saliva. The highest and lowest hardness value seen in microhybrid G-aenial Posterior™ composite resin after were immersed in one day with pH 7 of artificial saliva (19,14 ± 0,61 VHN) and 7 days with pH 4,5 (14,37 ± 0,31 VHN) respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that the increased immersion time and the decrease in the pH value of the artificial saliva decreased the hardness value of the G-aenial PosteriorTM microhybrid composite resin."

"ABSTRAKResin komposit alkasit mampu melepaskan ion hidroksida sehingga dapat mempertahankan pH netral saliva. Ion yang dilepaskan lebih banyak pada suasana asam. Resin komposit alkasit dapat dipolimerisasi secara kimia dan/atau menggunakan sinar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan resin komposit alkasit polimerisasi kimia dan sinar dalam menetralkan saliva buatan. Jumlah spesimen 96 buah dibagi menjadi 16 kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri dari 2 kelompok saliva buatan (pH 4,5 dan 5,5), 2 kelompok metode polimerisasi (kimia dan sinar), dan 4 kelompok waktu perendaman (1, 3, 5, dan 7 hari). Spesimen berbentuk lempeng dengan diameter 15 mm dan tebal 1 mm yang direndam dalam 5 ml saliva buatan dan disimpan dalam inkubator bersuhu 37˚C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pH saliva buatan pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan seiring dengan waktu perendaman. Berdasarkan uji statistik Independent T test dan Mann Whitney U, secara umum tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam meningkatkan pH saliva buatan antara kelompok metode polimerisasi kimia dan sinar. Sedangkan, terdapat perbedaan bermakna kenaikan pH saliva buatan pada kelompok yang direndam pada saliva buatan pH 4,5 dan 5,5. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan resin komposit alkasit polimerisasi kimia dan sinar sama baik dalam meningkatkan pH saliva buatan hingga hari ke 7, terutama dalam suasana yang lebih asam.

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ABSTRACT

Alkasite composite resin is able to release hydroxide ions so it can maintain a neutral pH of saliva. More ions released in an acid condition. This composite resin can be polymerized chemically or using LED light. This study aimed to determine the ability of self-cured and light-cured alkasite composite resin to neutralize artificial saliva pH. Ninety-six specimens were immersed in 5 ml of artificial saliva, 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick were divided into 16 groups consist of 2 groups of artificial saliva (pH 4,5 and 5,5), 2 groups of polymerization method (self-cured and light-cured), and 4 groups of immersion time (1, 3, 5, and 7 days). The result showed that there was an increase in the pH of the artificial saliva in all treatment groups over the time of immersion. The statistical test using Independent T test and Mann Whitney U showed that in general there were no significant differences between the polymerization method. Meanwhile, there were significant differences between the groups that immersed in each artificial saliva pH. It was concluded that self cured and light cured composite resin alkasite have the same ability to increase the pH of artificial saliva until the 7th day, especially in an acid condition."

"Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of immersion time in artificial saliva on the flexural strength of provisional crown and bridge (p-c&b) materials.

Materials and Methods: Two types of p-c&b materials were used in this study: Light polymerized p-c&b material (Revotek LC) and autopolymerized p-c&b material (PerfecTemp II). A total of 100 specimens were fabricated and measured according to ISO 4049/2000. A stainless steel mould was used to prepare 2mm x 2mm x 25mm bar shaped specimens. All materials were dispensed and manipulated according to the manufacturers' instructions. The specimens were divided into 5 groups (n=10). Each specimen of the first group was measured immediately after preparation. The second, third, fourth and fifth groups were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C in an incubator for 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, respectively. Flexural strength was tested by Universal Mechanical Testing Machine Shimadzu in a 3-point bending test. The Repeated ANOVA and Post-Hoc Bonferroni test were used to compare the continuous variables between the groups.

Result: The results showed flexural strength of Revotek LC were higher than PerfecTemp II achieved the highest value in 7 days.

Conclusion: Flexural strength of p-c&b materials were influenced by immersion time in artificial saliva and the type of p-c&b materials."

"Latar Belakang: Dalam dunia kedokteran gigi, terdapat banyak pilihan material restoratif yang dapat digunakan, salah satunya yaitu resin komposit. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, para peneliti berhasil mengembangakan resin komposit baru yaitu Bulk-Fill. Sebagai contoh adalah resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill yang memiliki berbagai sifat seperti sifat mekanik, fisis dan biologis. Namun, belum ada penelitian pada resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill yang secara spesifik menguji nilai kekuatan tarik diametral yang merupakan salah satu sifat mekanik material restoratif.Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman 1, 24, dan 72 jam serta perbedaan nilai pH saliva buatan 7; 5,5; dan 4,5 terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan menggunakan 90 spesimen berbentuk silindris pejal dengan diameter 6 mm dan tinggi 3 mm yang diuji menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (Shimadzu AGS-X 5kN, Japan) dan dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok pH larutan saliva buatan yaitu 7; 5,5; dan 4,5; serta 3 kelompok lama perendaman yaitu 1, 24, dan 72 jam.Hasil: Hasil pengujian menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna pada spesimen-spesimen yang digunakan (p<0,05). Pada kelompok spesimen yang direndam dalam larutan saliva buatan dengan pH 7, hasil rerata kekuatan tarik diametral pada perendaman selama 1 jam adalah sebesar 36,7 ± 2,7 MPa. Kemudian mengalami penurunan setelah perendaman 24 jam dengan rerata nilai kekuatan tarik diametralnya sebesar 35,2 ± 2,2 MPa dan meningkat kembali setelah perendaman 72 jam dengan hasil rerata kekuatan tarik diametralnya sebesar 40,1 ± 3,6 MPa. Pada kelompok spesimen yang direndam dalam larutan saliva buatan dengan pH 4,5, pada perendaman selama 1 jam hasil rerata kekuatan tarik diametralnya sebesar 33,6 ± 2,4 MPa. Kemudian setelah perendaman 24 jam dan 72 jam meningkat menjadi 42,6 ± 2 MPa dan 44,2 ± 2,8 MPa. Pada kelompok spesimen yang direndam dalam larutan saliva buatan dengan pH 5,5, hasil rerata kekuatan tarik diametral setelah perendaman selama 1 jam adalah sebesar 34 ± 2,4 MPa. Namun, terjadi perbedaan jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok pH 4,5 yaitu pada kelompok dengan pH 5,5 pada lama perendaman 24 jam terjadi peningkatan yaitu sebesar 44,7 ± 2,8 MPa kemudian menurun setelah perendaman 72 jam dengan nilai rerata sebesar 39 ± 3,3 MPa.Kesimpulan: Nilai kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill tidak dipengaruhi oleh pH saliva buatan 4,5; 5,5; dan 7 yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini. Nilai kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill yang direndam selama 1, 24, dan 72 jam di dalam saliva buatan dengan pH 4,5; 5,5; dan 7 secara umum mengalami peningkatan sehingga lama perendaman dalam penelitian ini mempengaruhi nilai kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill.

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Background: In the world of dentistry, there are many choices of restorative materials that can be used, one of them is composite resin. Along with the development of technology, the researchers succeeded in developing a new composite resin called Bulk-Fill. One example is Giomer Bulk-Fill composite resin which has various properties such as mechanical, physical and biological properties. However, there is no research on Giomer Bulk-Fill composite resin which specifically tests the value of diametral tensile strength which is one of the mechanical properties of restorative material.

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of immersion time and the difference in pH value 7; 5,5; and 4,5 of the artificial saliva solution on the value of diametral tensile strength of Giomer Bulk-Fill composite resin.

Method: Laboratory experimental research using 90 solid cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 3 mm which were tested using Universal Testing Machine (Shimadzu AGS-X 5kN, Japan) and were divided into 3 groups pH of artificial saliva solution (7; 5.5; and 4.5) and 3 groups of immersion periods (1, 24 and 72 hours).

Results: The test results using the One-way ANOVA test showed significant differences in the specimens used (p <0.05). In the group of specimens which were immersed in artificial saliva solution with pH 7, the results of the average diametral tensile strength at immersion for 1 hour were 36.7 ± 2.7 MPa. Then it decreased for 24 hours immersed time with a mean value of diametral tensile strength of 35.2 ± 2.2 and increased again at 72 hours immersed time with an average value of diametral tensile strength 40.1 ± 3.6 MPa. In the group of specimens which were immersed in artificial saliva solution with pH 4.5, at immersion for 1 hour the average value of diametral tensile strength was 33.6 ± 2.4 MPa. Then in 24-hour and 72-hour immersion, it increased to 42.6 ± 2 MPa and 44.2 ± 2.8 MPa. In the group of specimens immersed in artificial saliva solution with a pH of 5.5, the average value of diametral tensile strength for 1 hour was 34 ± 2.4 MPa. However, there was a difference when compared to the pH 4.5 group, which was in the group with a pH of 5.5 in the 24-hour immersion period, the value increase for 44.7 ± 2.8 MPa and then decreased for 72 hours of immersion with an average value of 39 ± 3.3 MPa.

Conclusion: The value of diametral tensile strength of Giomer Bulk-Fill composite resin is not affected by pH of artificial saliva 4.5; 5.5; and 7 that used in this study. The value of diametral tensile strength of Giomer Bulk-Fill composite resin, which is immersed for 1, 24, and 72 hours in artificial saliva with pH 4.5; 5.5 and 7 generally increased so that the immersion time in this study affected the diametral tensile strength of Giomer Bulk-Fill composite resin."