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"Pengambilan sumber daya alam tanpa henti memerlukan kontrol dan pengawasan oleh pemerintah dan penegak hukum. Kontrol penambangan tersebut diperkuat kebijakan aturan kepala daerah. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah maraknya penyalahgunaan administrasi perizinan tambang dan minimnya penindakan kepada pengusaha tambang ilegal. Berdasarkan fakta tesebut, reformasi tata kelola tambang harus segera dilaksanakan sebagai upaya perbaikan lingkungan dan mengganti kerugian keuangan negara. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis persepsi pemerintah dengan politik ekologi, serta pemahaman level birokrasi perizinan tambang dari aktor-aktor yang terlibat sebagai narasumber penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan penyusunan model berbasis kerangka kerja model Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (D-P-S-I-R). Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa konsep kerangka perbaikan peraturan tambang mineral bukan logam dan batuan, baik secara substansi maupun regulasi yang berlaku. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah perlunya penindakan kepada mafia tambang oleh aparat penegak hukum dan pemerintah daerah, guna mencegah kerugian negara dari sektor sumber daya alam.

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The relentless extraction of natural resources requires control and supervision by the government and law enforcement. These restrictive controls are strengthened by regional head regulations. The problem in this research is the widespread supervision of mining licensing administration and minimal action against illegal mining entrepreneurs. Based on these facts, mining governance reform must be implemented immediately as an effort to improve the environment and compensate for state financial losses. The aim of the research is to analyze the government's perception of ecological politics, as well as the level of understanding of the mining licensing bureaucracy from the actors involved as research sources. The method used is a qualitative method with in-depth interview techniques and model preparation based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (D-P-S-I-R) model framework. The results of this research are a concept for a framework for improving non-metallic mineral and rock mining regulations, both in substance and in applicable regulations. The conclusion of this research is that it is necessary to take action against the mining mafia by law enforcement officials and local governments, in order to prevent state losses from the mining natural resources sector."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penerbitan dan pencabutan Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP), khususnya terkait dengan tumpang tindih IUP yang dapat terjadi baik antar IUP maupun dengan sektor lain seperti sektor kehutanan. Hal tersebut perlu segera diselesaikan karena dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian dalam penanaman modal dibidang pertambangan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian yuridis normatif menunjukkan bahwa penerbitan IUP dilakukan setelah pemohon atau peserta lelang mendapatkan Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan dan memenuhi syarat untuk mendapatkan IUP. Sedangkan pencabutan IUP dapat dilakukan jika pemegang IUP tidak memenuhi kewajiban dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Terkait dengan pencabutan IUP PT Ridlatama Tambang Mineral (PT RTM) hal tersebut telah tepat, karena PT RTM tidak memenuhi kewajibannya untuk memiliki Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan untuk melakukan kegiatan pertambangan di kawasan hutan. Untuk mencegah timbulnya tumpang tindih IUP, dibutuhkan peningkatan koordinasi antara Pemerintah dan Pemerintah Daerah, baik yang sifatnya sektoral maupun yang sifatnya lintas sektoral. Selain itu peningkatan pengawasan oleh Pemerintah terhadap penerbitan dan pencabutan IUP yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Daerah di Indonesia juga diperlukan.

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This essay examines the issuance and revocation of Mining Business License (IUP), specifically related to the overlapping IUP which can occur either between IUP or with other sectors like forestry. The overlapping of IUP need to be resolved immediately seeing that it may cause uncertainty for investments in Indonesia’s mining industry. Normative juridical research results show that the issuance of IUP can be conducted after the applicant or bidders get Mining Business License Area and eligible as IUP holder. While the revocation of IUP can be done if the IUP holder does not fulfill the obligations under the laws and regulations. Related to the revocation of IUP PT Ridlatama Tambang Mineral (PT RTM), such decision was right, because PT RTM does not fulfill its obligation to have Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan to conduct mining activities in forest areas. To prevent the overlapping Mining Business License, an increased coordination between Government and Local Government is needed, be it sectorial or cross-sectorial in nature. Furthermore, the government must establish oversight towards the issuance and revocation of mining licenses by Regent and Governor in Indonesia."

"Konteks reformasi regulasi secara tepat menjadi penting untuk menunjang agendareformasi birokrasi di Indonesia. Eksistensi regulasi di Indonesia saat ini tidak terlepasdari isu tumpang tindih yang tidak menjamin kepastian hukum terutama di sektorpertambangan, mineral, dan batu bara. Adapun hal ini dapat dibenahi melalui strategireformasi regulasi sebagai upaya dalam mencapai tujuan nasional. Maka dari itu, skripsiini bertujuan untuk menganalisis regulatory reform pada sektor pertambangan, mineraldan batubara di Indonesia menggunakan konsep Modern Mining Code yangdikembangkan oleh Nguyen, Boruff & Tonts (2019). Penelitian ini menggunakanparadigma post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melaluiwawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwaregulatory reform pada sektor pertambangan, mineral, dan batubara telah memberikanbeberapa manfaat mengenai kepastian investasi, hukum, dan simplifikasi permasalahanyang ada sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya terdapat 5 indikator yangtidak sesuai dengan regulatory reform perspektif modern mining code yaitu Foreignexchange access, Elimination of political pressure, Arbitration of impacts on localpeoples, Address indigenous issues, dan Stipulate rights of regulatory authority,sedangkan 24 indikator sisanya dari 10 dimensi yang ada pada teori Modern Mining codesudah sesuai dan terakomodir pada upaya regulatory reform sektor mineral dan batubara.

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The proper context of regulatory reform is important to support the bureaucratic reform

agenda in Indonesia. The existence of regulations in Indonesia today is inseparable from

overlapping issues that do not guarantee legal certainty, especially in the mining, mineral,

and coal sectors. This can be addressed through a regulatory reform strategy as an effort

to achieve national goals. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyze regulatory reform in the

mining, mineral, and coal sector in Indonesia using the Modern Mining Code concept

developed by Nguyen, Boruff & Tonts (2019). This study uses a post-positivist paradigm

with data collection techniques carried out through in-depth interviews and literature

study. Research findings indicate that regulatory reform in the mining, mineral, and coal

sectors has provided several benefits regarding investment certainty, law, and

simplification of previous problems. The research results show that there are only 5

indicators that are not by regulatory reform from the perspective of modern mining code,

namely Foreign exchange access, Elimination of political pressure, Arbitration of impacts

on local peoples, Address indigenous issues, and Stipulate rights of regulatory authority,

while the remaining 24 indicators are from The 10 dimensions in the Modern Mining

code theory are appropriate and accommodated in the regulatory reform efforts of the

mineral and coal sector."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai penguasaan Negara terhadap pertambangan yang merupakan salah satu hasil kekayaan alam terkandung di wilayah Negara kesatuan Indonesia. Penguasaan yang diberikan terhadap Negara merupakan amanat konstitusi pasal 33 ayat 3 UUD 1945 yang telah menjadi kesepakatan bersama seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Penafsiran terkait penguasaan Negara dalam hal ini, pemerintah memiliki kewenangan untuk mengatur, mengurus, dan mengawasi terhadap seluruh kegiatan pertambangan sejauh yang berda dalam wilayah Indonesia. Dalam hal pengaturan dimuat dalam undang-undang nomor 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Mineral dan batubara yang kemudian diikuti peraturan-peraturan terkait lainnya yang berada dibawah undang-undang. Kemudian dalam hal pengurusan Negara terlibat sebagai pelaku usaha melalaui perusahaan Negara atau dikenal dengan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN). Selanjutnya dalam hal pengawasan dilakukan oleh Menteri, Gubernur dan Bupati/Walikota Sesuai dengan kewenangannya masing-masing yang diatur dalam pasal 140 (3) dan 141 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Mineral dan Batubara. Selanjutnya dalam hal upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan program Community development, Corporate social responsibility (CSR), Sustainable development, Good Corporate Governace (GCG). Simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini, bahwa ketentuan undang-undang yang berlaku saat ini ternyata memiliki banyak permasalahan yang terjadi dalam penyelenggaraannya. Diantaranya terkait dengan perizinan yang sering tumpang tindih, kegiatan pertambangan yang illegal, penggelapan pajak oleh para pelaku usaha pertambangan, dan adanya ketentuan terkait divestasi saham bagi asing dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Dari permasalahan tumpang tindih perizinan maka penulis menyarakan agar dilakukan sebagaimana yang dimuat dalam undang-undang nomor 37 Tahun 1967 Tentang Ketentuan-ketentuan Pokok Pertambangan yang pernah berlaku di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discus about the governance of nation on mining which has been one of natural wealth contained in the unitary state o Indonesia. The governance given to country is a constitutional mandate of article 33 paragraphs 3 of the 1945 constitution which has been agreed by all Indonesian societies. Interpretations related to control of the State in this case, the government has the authority to manage, administer, and oversee the entire drift mining activities in the region as far as Indonesia. In terms of the regulation contained in Law No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal which is then followed by other relevant regulations under the legislation. Then in terms of the maintenance of the State involved as entrepreneurs through State company, known as State Owned Enterprises (SOE). Furthermore, in terms of supervision by the Minister, Governor and Regent / Mayor accordance with their respective authorities are set out in article 140 (3) and 141 of Law Number 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal. Then in terms of improving the welfare of the community can be actualized with the Community development, corporate social responsibility (CSR), Sustainable development, good corporate Governance (GCG). The conclusions from this research, that the provisions of law applicable at this time have many problems that occur in its implementation. Some of them were related to licensing that often overlap, illegal mining, tax evasion by businesses of mining, and the provisions relating to foreign divestment within a certain timeframe. Overlapping of the licensing issues, the author advised that done as contained in Law No. 37 Year 1967 About Basic Provisions of Mining ever in Indonesia."

"Akibat makin tingginya tingkat kompetisi antara perusahaan industri dan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan strategi untuk dapat bersaing dan yang menjadi terdepan dibidangnya, perusahaan perlu melakukan perencanaan yang mendukung pengambilan keputusan strategi strategi jangka panjang ataupun menengah, Hal inipun juga berlaku pada industri tambang yang memiliki kondisi masa depan yang kadang tidak terprediksi. Oleh karena itu penelitian dilakukan pada sebuah perusahaan tambang yang berlokasi di Jakarta. Corporate Planning Modelling adalah metode pendekatan sistemik yang menghubungkan fungsi produksi dan pemasaran ke dalam fungsi keuangan. Metode ini dapat digunakan perusahaan dalam meramalkan ketidakpastian tentang masa depan, dan dengan demikian dapat membuat asumsi tentang hasil pelaksanaan yang lebih eksplisit, sehingga mengarahkan perhatian pada implikasi yang mungkin dapat terlewatkan. Melalui metode Corporate Planning Modelling dibangun sebuah model persamaan simultan untuk melakukan suatu simulasi peramalan kondisi yang dilanjutkan dengan analisa sensitivitas. Dari hasil analisa sensitivitas didapatkan hasil apakah model yang dibangun akan stabil untuk digunakan perusahaan dalam perencanaan strategi perusahaan kedepannya.

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Due to increased levels of competition between industrial companies and the growing need for strategies to be competitive and to be leading in their fields, companies need to do the planning that supports decision-making medium or long-term strategy. This has also applies to the mining industry has a future condition sometimes unpredictable. Therefore, the research carried out at a mining company located in Jakarta. Corporate Planning Modelling is a method of a systemic approach that links the production and marketing functions into the finance function.

This method can be used in predicting the uncertainty about the company's future, and thus can make assumptions about the implementation of a more explicit, thereby directing attention to the implications that might be missed. Through the Corporate Planning Modelling method constructed a simultaneous equation model to perform a simulation forecasting conditions, followed by sensitivity analysis. From the results of sensitivity analysis results obtained if the model is constructed to be stable for use in planning the company's future corporate strategy."

"ABSTRAKPajak Mineral Bukan Logam dan Batuan merupakan salah satu penerimaan pajak yang kurang signifikan di Kabupaten Bogor. Pengoptimalisasian Pajak Mineral Bukan Logam dan Batuan menyebabkan kerusakan yang cukup parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Evaluasi kebijakan Pajak Mineral Bukan Logam dan Batuan di Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa kebijakan Pajak Mineral Bukan Logam dan Batuan belum berjalan dengan baik karena belum terpenuhinya satu dari lima kriteria. Kriteria yang belum terpenuhi adalah kriteria efektivitas, kecukupan, responsivitas, dan ketepatan. Sedangkan yang telah memenuhi adalah kriteria perataan. Perlu adanya kajian lebih lanjut mengenai peraturan yang mengatur mengenai ketentuan umum perpajakan daerah untuk Pajak Mineral Bukan Logam dan Batuan.

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ABSTRACTNon Metal Minerals and Rocks Tax is none significant tax revenue in the Regency of Bogor, West Java. The optimization of Non Metal Minerals and Rocks Tax has caused severe environmental damages. This study is aimed to analyse the evaluation of Non Metal Minerals and Rocks Tax policy in the Regency of Bogor. This study is based on quantitative approach using several methods like data collecting and indepth interview with main sources. The study shows that Non Metal Minerals and Rocks Tax policy does not work well as it does not meet its one of five main criterias. The criterias that does not work well is effectiveness, adequacy, responsiness and appropriateness. The one that work well and meet the criteria is equity. It rsquo s need further study about Governor Regulations that organize about the implementation od Non Metal Minerals and Rocks Tax."

"[ABSTRAKPertambangan mineral dan batuan merupakan salah satu sektor strategis dalam perekonomian dunia. Nilai guna yang tinggi serta diharuskannya suatu perusahaan tambang untuk menetap dalan jangka waktu yang lama di dalam wilayah suatu negara menjadikan sektor ini menjadi sangat strategis baik secara ekonomi maupun politik. Sektor pertambangan mineral dan batuan seperti layaknya pertambangan migas, umumnya masih dikuasai oleh MNCs dan perusahaan pertambangan dari negara maju, sementara sumber daya mineral dan batuan mayoritas berada pada negara berkembang yang miskin teknologi. Hal ini menciptakan suatu kondisi dimana negara berkembang sering merasa dirugikan dengan kondisi dimana mereka hanya dapat memproduksi barang tambang mentah dan diharuskan membeli kembali hasil olahan dari barang tambang mentah yang berasal dari negara mereka. Hal ini pula yang membuat banyak negara berkembang mengeluarkan kebijakan yang bercorak resource nationalism guna mengejar kepentingan ekonomi maupun kepentingan politik.Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil komoditas tambang mineral dan batuan yang cukup besar. Sedikitnya dua puluh komoditas tambang mineral dan batuan diproduksi oleh Indonesia. Namun sebagaimana negara berkembang lain, sektor pertambangan mineral dan Batuan Indonesia masih didominasi oleh MNCs dan perusahaan pertambangan Asing. Hal yang mengejutkan kemudian dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dimana pada periode tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2014, pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan yang bercorak resource nationalism. Pergeseran kebijakan ini menjadi suatu hal yang menarik dimana sebelumnya kebijakan di sektor tersebut cenderung bercorak liberalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab dilakukannya pergeseran kebijakan di sektor pertambangan mineral dan batuan Indonesia menuju penerapan prinsip-prinsip resource nationalism pada periode tersebut.

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ABSTARCTMineral and ores mining is one of the most strategic sectors in world economy. High value of usage and the obligation of the mining companies to stay in other country's sovereign territory for a long period of time makes this sector very strategic economically and politically. Mineral and ores mining just like oil and gas mining, is usually dominated by MNCs and mining companies from the developed countries, while the mineral and ores resources is often located in developing countries that are lacking in technology to exploit it. This creates condition where the developing countries often feels at disadvantages, because they can only produce the raw materials, and in return they have to purchase the processed products which originally made from the raw materials from their own countries. This also causes many developing countries create policies that are associated with resource nationalism to pursue economic ends and also political ends.Indonesia is one of the biggest mineral and ores commodities producing countries. At least twenty kind of mineral and ores commodities are produced by Indonesia. However, just like many other developing countries, mineral and ores mining sector in Indonesia is still dominated by MNCs and foreign mining companies. In the period between 2009 and 2014, Indonesian government created some shocking policies in their mineral and ores mining sector that associated with resource nationalism. This political shift towards more resource nationalist policies is interesting to observe because previously mineral and ores mining policies in Indonesia is considered to be more liberal. This research aims to analyze what causes the shift on indonesian mineral and ores mining sector towards resource nationalism on that period;Mineral and ores mining is one of the most strategic sectors in world economy. High value of usage and the obligation of the mining companies to stay in other country's sovereign territory for a long period of time makes this sector very strategic economically and politically. Mineral and ores mining just like oil and gas mining, is usually dominated by MNCs and mining companies from the developed countries, while the mineral and ores resources is often located in developing countries that are lacking in technology to exploit it. This creates condition where the developing countries often feels at disadvantages, because they can only produce the raw materials, and in return they have to purchase the processed products which originally made from the raw materials from their own countries. This also causes many developing countries create policies that are associated with resource nationalism to pursue economic ends and also political ends.Indonesia is one of the biggest mineral and ores commodities producing countries. At least twenty kind of mineral and ores commodities are produced by Indonesia. However, just like many other developing countries, mineral and ores mining sector in Indonesia is still dominated by MNCs and foreign mining companies. In the period between 2009 and 2014, Indonesian government created some shocking policies in their mineral and ores mining sector that associated with resource nationalism. This political shift towards more resource nationalist policies is interesting to observe because previously mineral and ores mining policies in Indonesia is considered to be more liberal. This research aims to analyze what causes the shift on indonesian mineral and ores mining sector towards resource nationalism on that period, Mineral and ores mining is one of the most strategic sectors in world economy. High value of usage and the obligation of the mining companies to stay in other country's sovereign territory for a long period of time makes this sector very strategic economically and politically. Mineral and ores mining just like oil and gas mining, is usually dominated by MNCs and mining companies from the developed countries, while the mineral and ores resources is often located in developing countries that are lacking in technology to exploit it. This creates condition where the developing countries often feels at disadvantages, because they can only produce the raw materials, and in return they have to purchase the processed products which originally made from the raw materials from their own countries. This also causes many developing countries create policies that are associated with resource nationalism to pursue economic ends and also political ends.Indonesia is one of the biggest mineral and ores commodities producing countries. At least twenty kind of mineral and ores commodities are produced by Indonesia. However, just like many other developing countries, mineral and ores mining sector in Indonesia is still dominated by MNCs and foreign mining companies. In the period between 2009 and 2014, Indonesian government created some shocking policies in their mineral and ores mining sector that associated with resource nationalism. This political shift towards more resource nationalist policies is interesting to observe because previously mineral and ores mining policies in Indonesia is considered to be more liberal. This research aims to analyze what causes the shift on indonesian mineral and ores mining sector towards resource nationalism on that period]"

"Kebijakan Clear and Clean pada awalnya bertujuan untuk menata Izin Usaha Pertambangan IUP Mineral dan Batubara dikarenakan permasalahan administrasi dan kewilayahan yang ditemukan dalam proses penerbitan IUP tersebut oleh Pemerintah Provinsi, dan/atau Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota sesuai dengan kewenangannya. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu, ditemukan permasalahan lainnya dalam proses penerbitan IUP salah satunya adalah tidak lengkapnya dokumen lingkungan sebagai syarat untuk menjalankan kegiatan usaha pertambangan. Maka, Pemerintah setelah itu mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral yang mengatur bahwa penataan IUP dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi tata cara penerbitan IUP Mineral dan Batubara melalui 5 kriteria aspek, yakni administrasi, kewilayahan, teknis, lingkungan, dan finansial.Hasil dari evaluasi 5 kriteria aspek atas IUP ini yang selanjutnya menghasilkan status dan sertifikat Clear and Clean bagi pemegang IUP yang telah dinyatakan memenuhi 5 kriteria aspek tersebut. Sebagai kebijakan yang bertujuan untuk menata, kebijakan ini di sisi lain juga memaksakan ketaatan/kepatuhan compliance terhadap pemegang IUP untuk menaati/mematuhi 5 kriteria aspek evaluasi tersebut agar IUP nya dapat menjadi IUP Clear and Clean. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai Kebijakan Clear and Clean dengan mengaitkannya sebagai instrumen penaatan hukum lingkungan melalui pendekatan manajemen lingkungan dan tipologi kebijakannya.

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The objective of Clear and Clean policy at the beginning is to manage the Mineral and Coal Mining Business License IUP due to the findings of administration and territoriality issues during the IUP issuance process by Provincial Government and or Local City Government based on their authority. However, other issues had also been found afterwards during the IUP issuance process, one of them is the incompletion of environmental documents which is required in order to run a mining business, thus, Government subsequently invoke a Minister of Energy dan Mineral Resources Regulation which regulates that IUP management is conducted by evaluating the IUP issuance procedure through 5 criterias, which are administration, territoriality, technical, environment, and financial.

The evaluation that is conducted on IUP through these 5 criterias hereafter resulting a Clear and Clean status and certificate for the IUP holder which declared the IUP holder has met all the 5 criterias. As a policy that aims to manage, this policy in the other hand is also forcing a compliance towards IUP holder to comply all the 5 evaluation criterias in order to have their IUP as Clear and Clean IUP. This thesis discusses Clear and Clean policy by associating it as an instrument of environmental law compliance through environmental management approach and the typology of its policy."