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Latar Belakang: Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) adalah kondisi serius dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi, ditandai oleh kerusakan ginjal selama lebih dari tiga bulan. Hemodialisis adalah tatalaksana umum untuk PGK lanjut, yang dijalani oleh 19,33% pasien di Indonesia. Risiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular (PKV) pada PGK stadium 4-5 mencapai 50%, dengan 40% kematian terkait PKV. Padahal sebanyak 12,5% pasien CKD ditemukan pada pasien yang sudah memiliki penyakit kardiovaskular. Maka biomarker seperti Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) penting untuk diagnosis dan prognosis, terutama karena telah ditemukan lebih efektif daripada C-Reactive Protein (CRP) dan biomarker inflamasi lain. PTX3 juga bersifat kardioprotektif dan dapat memprediksi kejadian Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) tetapi belum pernah ada penelitian yang memprediksi MACE pada pasien PGK. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian CARE-CKD di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dan menganalisis kemampuan PTX3 dalam memprediksi MACE pada pasien PGK.

Tujuan: Mengetahui kadar, nilai potong, dan kemampuan PTX3 dalam memprediksi MACE pada pasien PGK yang menjalani HD di RSCM, dengan kalibrasi dan diskriminasi baik setelah dikontrol faktor jenis kelamin, usia, IMT dan infeksi.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif. Data sekunder dari pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis dianalisis untuk melihat hubungan kadar PTX3 dengan kejadian MACE selama satu tahun. Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 26.

Hasil:

Pada 74 pasien PGK yang menjalani HD di RSCM, kadar PTX–3 median adalah 0,9 ng/mL. Dari mereka, 11 pasien mengalami MACE dengan PTX–3 median 1,324 ng/mL. Analisis ROC menunjukkan AUC 0,630. PTX–3 dapat memprediksi MACE, dengan cut-off 1,317 ng/mL.

Simpulan: Pentraxin 3 dapat menjadi prediktor MACE pada pasien PGK yang menjalani HD yang baik setelah dikontrol oleh variable perancu.

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Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality, characterized by kidney damage for over three months. Hemodialysis is a common treatment for advanced CKD, undertaken by 19.33% of patients in Indonesia. The risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in CKD stages 4-5 reaches 50%, with 40% of deaths related to CVD. Therefore, biomarkers like Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) are crucial for diagnosis and prognosis, as PTX3 has been found to be more effective than C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and other inflammatory biomarkers. PTX3 also has cardioprotective properties and can predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), though no studies have yet predicted MACE in CKD patients. This research is part of the CARE-CKD study at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and will analyze PTX3's ability to predict MACE in CKD patients.

Objective: To determine the levels, cut-off value, and predictive ability of PTX3 for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, with good calibration and discrimination after controlling for gender, age, BMI, and infection factors.

Methods: This study utilized a retrospective cohort design. Secondary data from CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis were analyzed to examine the relationship between PTX3 levels and MACE occurrences over one year. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.

Results: In 74 CKD patients undergoing HD at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, the median PTX-3 level was 0.9 ng/mL. Among them, 11 patients experienced MACE with a median PTX-3 level of 1.324 ng/mL. ROC analysis indicated an AUC of 0.630. PTX-3 can predict MACE, with a cut-off of 1.317 ng/mL.

Conclusions: Pentraxin 3 could be a predictor of MACE in CKD patients undergoing HD after calibration of confounding factors."

"Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis. Stratifikasi risiko kejadian kardiovaskular pada pasien hemodialisis (HD) dibutuhkan untuk dapat memengidentifikasi pasien yang membutuhkan tatalaksana yang lebih intensif yang dapat diaplikasikan pada seluruh tipe layanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model prediksi kejadian Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) satu tahun pertama pada pasien penyakit ginjal tahap akhir yang menjalani hemodialisis kronik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain studi kohort prospektif terhadap 310 pasien yang melakukan hemodialisis kronik pertama pada dua rumah sakit di Jakarta. Didapatkan hasil sebanyak 81 (26,1%) dari 310 subjek mengalami MACE satu tahun pertama menjalani HD dengan kejadian terbanyak (43,21%) pada 3 bulan pertama. Terdapat empat variabel yang menjadi faktor prediktor terjadinya MACE pada satu tahun pertama menjalani HD yaitu riwayat kejadian kardiovaskular sebelumnya, diabetes melitus, rasio monosit limfosit   ≥ 0,35, dan kadar LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL. Sistem skor pada penelitian ini mendapatkan nilai total skor 6, dengan skor ≥ 4 menunjukkan risiko tinggi terjadinya MACE pada 1 tahun pertama menjalani hemodialisis kronik. Nilai diskriminasi AUC adalah 0,682 (IK 95% 0,605-0,757)  dengan kemampuan kalibrasi yang baik (p>0,05). Sensitivitas sistem skor ini adalah 55,26% dengan spesifitas 76,78%.

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Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients on hemodialysis. The development of a simple prediction model to assess cardiovascular risk is necessary in order to make clinical decisions for hemodialysis patients which is applicable in different type of clinical settings. This study golas is to develop a simple prediction model for first year Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) in chronic kidney disease patients initiating hemodialysis. We retrospectively enrolled 310 chronic kidney disease patients who underwent their first hemodialysis at two hospitals in Jakarta. We longitudinally assessed the association between several potential candidate predictors and composite cardiovascular events in the first year after hemodialysis. In this study, 81 of 310 subjects (26,1%) developed MACE with 43,21% occurred in the first 3 months of hemodialysis. Four variables included in the final model were history of cardiovascular events, diabetes mellitus,  monocyte/lymphocyte ratio greater than 0,35,  and LDL level more than 100 mg/dL. Total score in this model is 6, with score 4 and above considered high risk. The AUROC for MACE 1 year of initiation hemodialysis was 0,682 (95% CI, 0,605-0,757) with good calibration (p > 0,05). Sensitivity and specificity for this model were 55,26% and 76,78%."

"Status indeks masa tubuh pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis menjadi suatu penentuan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas. Pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis dapat mengalami penurunan atau peningkatan indeks masa tubuh. Kami menggunakan metode potong lintang pada studi ini. Penelitian dilakukan pada 108 pasien hemodialisis di bangsal hemodialisis Subbagian Ginjal Hipertensi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSCM pada bulan Februari 2009. Kemudian diambil data dari status pasien mengenai berat badan kering dan tinggi badan pasien saat pertama kali menjalani hemodialisis dan bulan februari 2009. Berdasarkan perubahan indeks massa tubuh maka data ini dibagi atas 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok dengan peningkatan indeks masa tubuh dan penurunan indeks masa tubuh. Pasien berumur rerata 50,4 ± 13,4 tahun, terdiri dari 57% pria dan 43% wanita, dan lama menjalani hemodialisis rerata 2.3 tahun (0.3-17.5). Dengan uji Pearson didapatkan korelasi positif yang bermakna antara lama menjalani hemodialisis dengan peningkatan indeks masa tubuh (p<0.001, r = 0.727) maupun penurunan indeks masa tubuh (p<0.001, r = 0.709). Disimpulkan bahwa lama menjalani hemodialisis mempengaruhi peningkatan maupun penurunan indeks massa tubuh pasien hemodialisis.

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Status of body mass index on chronic kidney disease patients who undergo hemodialysis is a determinant factor for morbidity and mortality. Hemodialysis patients can increase or decrease their body mass indexes. In this study, we used cross sectional method. We selected 108 patients that has already undergone hemodialysis twice a week for at least three months in hemodialysis ward of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in February 2009. Data are taken from dry weight and body height in medical records at the initial hemodialysis and on February 2009. We categorized patients into increased body mass index category and decreased body mass index category. The patients have mean age of 50,4 ± 13,4 years and a mean duration of hemodialysis of 2.3 (0.3-17.5) years, 57% were male and 43% were female. By Pearson analysis, there was significant positive correlation between increased body mass index (p<0.001, r = 0.727) and decreased body mass index (p<0.001, r = 0.709) with hemodialysis duration. It was concluded that duration of hemodialysis significantly influenced body mass index in hemodialysis patients."

"Latar belakang: Pasien dengan Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA) yang menjalani hemodialisis dilaporkan adanya penurunan pendengaran. Beberapa studi mengatakan adanya hubungan antara hemodialisis dengan penurunan pendengaran. Penurunan pendengaran yang terjadi juga diduga adanya faktor risiko lain seperti usia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus dan riwayat/lamanya dilakukan hemodialisis. Beberapa penelitian, dikatakan masih kontroversi sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pre dan post ini melibatkan 50 subyek penelitian yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan menilai pemeriksaan otoskopi, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan timpanometri, audiometri nada murni dan DPOAE (Disortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions). Pemeriksaan fungsi pendengaran dilakukan secara pre post hemodialisis. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji t berpasangan dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, P-value. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna (p<0,001) antara perubahan rerata ambang dengar dan SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) dengan terapi hemodialisis pada pasien PGTA. Kesimpulan: Hemodialisis dapat menurunkan ambang dengar dan perubahan SNR terutama pada frekuensi tinggi. Pada penelitian ini perubahan ambang dengar dan SNR bersifat reversibel, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui perubahan ambang dengar dan SNR yang bersifat irreversibel.

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Introduction: Patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis reported hearing loss. Several studies suggest a relation between hemodialysis and hearing loss. The decrease in hearing that occurs is also suspected to be due to other risk factors such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and history/length of hemodialysis. Some research is said to be still controversial so further research is needed.

Methods: This cross-sectional pre and post study involved 50 research subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The examination is carried out by assessing the otoscopic examination, followed by tympanometry, pure tone audiometry and DPOAE (Disortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions) examinations. Hearing function examination is carried out pre-post hemodialysis. Data processing was carried out using the paired t test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, P-value.

Results: In this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship (p<0.001) between changes in the average hearing threshold and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) with hemodialysis therapy in ESRD patients.

Conclusion: Hemodialysis can reduce hearing thresholds and changes in SNR, especially at high frequencies. In this study, changes in hearing threshold and SNR are reversible, further research is needed to determine whether changes in hearing threshold and SNR are irreversible."

"Hipoalbuminemia merupakan komplikasi yang umum ditemui pada penyakit ginjal kronik. Hemodialisis dapat pula menyebabkan keadaan hipoalbuminemia. Kadar albumin kurang dari 4 g/dl termasuk faktor risiko utama mortalitas pada pasien hemodialisis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui status albumin serum pasien hemodialisis di RSCM pada bulan Februari tahun 2009 dan hubungannya dengan kelompok usia, jenis kelamin dan derajat lama hemodialisis (¡Ü 1 tahun dan > 1 tahun).Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang. Subjek adalah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSCM pada bulan Februari 2009. Data kadar albumin serum dibagi menjadi dua status, yakni normal dan hipoalbuminemia. Hubungan antara kelompok usia, jenis kelamin derajat lama hemodialisis dan status albumin serum diuji dengan uji chi square (p<0,05).Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan 108 subjek dengan umur rerata 50,48 (SD 13,44) tahun, terdiri dari 57% pria dan 43% wanita. Median lama hemodialisis 2,3 (0,3-17,5) tahun. Proporsi hipoalbuminemia (kadar albumin serum < 4 g/dl) pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSCM bulan Februari 2009 sebesar 41,7%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kelompok usia (< 50 tahun dan ¡Ý 50 tahun) ataupun jenis kelamin dengan status albumin serum (normal dan hipoalbuminemia). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat lama hemodialisis (¡Ü 1 tahun dan > 1 tahun) dengan status albumin serum pasien hemodialisis di RSCM pada bulan Februari tahun 2009 (OR = 2,56; CI: 1,01 ¨C 6,58). Kadar albumin serum cenderung lebih rendah pada pasien dengan lama hemodialisis satu tahun atau kurang.

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Hypoalbuminemia is a common complication in chronic renal disease. Hemodialysis can also cause hypoalbuminemia. Serum albumin level less than 4g/dl is a major risk factor for mortality in hemodialysis patients. The objective of the study is to know the state of serum albumin of hemodialysis patients in RSCM on February 2009 and its relationship with group age, sex, and degree of hemodialysis duration (¡Ü 1 year and > 1 year).

The design used was cross sectional study. Subjects were patients who undergo hemodialysis in RSCM on February 2009. The data of serum albumin level was categorized into normal or hypoalbuminemia state. The association between group age, sex, and degree of hemodialysis duration with the state of serum albumin were tested using chisquare test (p<0.05).

From the study, there were 108 patients with a mean age of 50.48 (SD 13.44) years old and a median hemodialysis duration of 2.3 (0.3-17.5) years, 57% were male and 43% were female. Proportion of hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin level < 4 g/dl) in patients who undergo hemodialysis in RSCM on February 2009 is 41.7%. There are no significant relationship between group age (< 50 years old and ¡Ý 50 years old) and sex with the state of serum albumin. The relationship between degree of hemodialysis duration (¡Ü 1 year and > 1 year) and the state of serum albumin is significant (OR = 2.56, CI: 1.01 ¨C 6.58). Serum albumin level tend to be lower in patients who undergo hemodialysis for 1 year or less."

"Latar belakang : Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) merupakan penyebab utama meningkatnya mortalitas pada pasien ST-Elevasi Miokard Infark (STEMI) yang menjalani intervensi koroner perkutan primer (IKPP). Identifikasi faktor prediktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya MACE selama perawatan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perawatan dan luaran klinis dari pasien STEMI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor prediktor MACE selama perawatan pada pasien STEMI yang dilakukan IKPP di RSCM.Metode : Studi kohort retrospektif dengan menelusuri rekam medis pasien yang menjalani IKPP di RSCM periode Januari 2015-Maret 2020. Dilakukan analisa bivariat antara faktor prediktor usia, status merokok, hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, penyakit ginjal kronik, time-to-treatment, kelas killip, fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri (FEVK) dan kadar kolesterol LDL dengan kejadian MACE selama perawatan pada pasien STEMI yang menjalani IKPP, menggunakan metode Chi-square. Analisa multivariat dan analisa model prediksi dilakukan dengan metode regresi logistik terhadap variabel dengan nilai p= <0,25 pada analisa bivariat.Hasil : Didapatkan subyek sebanyak 291 pasien untuk diteliti. Major Adverse Cardiac Events selama perawatan didapatkan sebesar 43,3% dengan usia >60 tahun (29,6%), status merokok (61,2%), hipertensi (50,9%), diabetes mellitus (36.1%), penyakit ginjal kronik (6,2%), kelas Killip II-IV (32,2%), FEVK > 50% (57%) dan kadar kolesterol LDL > 100 mg/dl (79,4%). Median time-to-treatment didapatkan sebesar 528 (379-730) menit. Usia, kelas killip dan FEVK mempengaruhi kejadian MACE selama perawatan dengan OR (IK 95%) masing-masing 2,15 (1,22-3,79), 4,34 (2,49-7,56) dan 2,88 (1,72-4,82). Model prediksi MACE selama perawatan pada pasien STEMI yang menjalani IKPP memiliki nilai area under curve (AUC) 0,729 (IK 95% 0,67-0,78).Kesimpulan : Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) selama perawatan pada pasien STEMI yang menjalani IKPP sebesar 43,3%, yang dipengaruhi oleh usia, kelas killip dan FEVK.

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Introduction: Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) is the main causes to increase mortality on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients who undergo Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI). In-hospital MACE inducing factor predictors identification is expected to enhance STEMI patients’ care and outcome. This study aims to identify in-hospital MACE factor predictors on STEMI patients with PPCI treatment at RSCM.

Method: Restropective cohort study by tracing medical record on patients with PPCI treatment at RSCM during January 2015 - March 2020. Chi-squared bivariate analysis concluded between predictor factors; age, smoking, hypertension, diabetic mellitus, chronic kidney disease, time-to-treatment, killip class, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and LDL cholesterol level. Logistic regression is used on multivariat and prediction model analysis on variables with p=<0,25 in bivariate analysis.

Result: This study involves 291 patient subjects. During this study, the occurance of MACE is 43.3% on patients age > 60 years (29,6%), smoking (61,2%), hypertension (50,9%), diabetes mellitus (36,1%), chronic kidney disease (6,2%), killip class II-IV (32,2%), LVEF > 50% (57%) dan cholesterol LDL level > 100 mg/dl (79,4%). Median time-to-treatment is 528 (379-730) minutes. Age, killip class, and LVEF influences in-hospital MACE during PPCI with OR (95% CI) consecutively are 2,15 (1,22-3,79), 4,34 (2,49-7,56) and 2,88 (1,72-4,82). MACE prediction model in this study produces area under curve (AUC) 0,729 (95% CI 0,67-0,78).

Conclusion: In-hospital MACE on STEMI patient after PPCI occurance is 43.3%, influenced by age, killip class, and LVEF."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluanStudi sebelumnya menunjukkan tebal adiposa epikardial pasien sindrom koroner akut (SKA) berhubungan dengan cardiovascular adverse event dalam tiga puluh hari.TujuanMengetahui peran tebal adiposa epikardial dalam memprediksi cardiovascular adverse event pada pasien SKA di ICCU RS Cipto Mangunkusumo.MetodeDilakukan studi kohort prospektif berbasis studi prognostik pada seratus dua puluh satu pasien SKA. Tebal adiposa epikardial dinilai dengan ekokardiografi transtorakal pada fase sistolik akhir (end-systole) tampilan parasternal long axis dari tiga siklus jantung. Dilakukan follow-up dalam tiga puluh hari pada semua pasien.HasilNilai median tebal adiposa epikardial adalah 2,23 mm (kisaran 0,37 – 10,8 mm). Cardiovascular adverse event terjadi pada 23 pasien (19%) dalam 30 hari; 9 subjek mengalami syok kardiogenik, 3 subjek mengalami infark miokard berulang, 4 subjek mengalami stroke iskemik, dan 7 subjek meninggal. Titik potong terbaik tebal adiposa epikardial dalam memprediksi cardiovascular adverse event adalah 2,95 mm dengan sensitivitas 65%, spesifisitas 70%, nilai duga positif 34%, nilai duga negatif 90% dengan AUC sebesar 0,690 (IK 95% 0,564-0,816, p=0,005).SimpulanTebal adiposa epikardial 2,95 mm dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi cardiovascular adverse event dalam tiga puluh hari pada pasien SKA dengan sensitivitas 65%, spesifisitas 70% dan AUC 0,690.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious study showed that epicardial adipose thickness in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients was associated with cardiovascular adverse events during thirty days.ObjectiveTo determine the role of epicardial adipose thickness in predicting cardiovascular adverse events in ACS patients at ICCU of Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalMethodA prospective cohort prognostic study was conducted on one hundred twenty-one ACS patients. Epicardial adipose thickness was measured with transthoracic echocardiography at end-systole from parasternal long-axis view of three cardiac cycles. 30 days follow-up was obtained in all patients.ResultsMedian value of epicardial adipose thickness was 2.23 mm (range 0.37-10.8 mm). Cardiovascular adverse events were developed in 23 patients (19%) during 30 days; 9 cases of cardiogenic shock, 3 of recurrent myocardial infarction, 4 of ischemic stroke, and 7 of death. Best cut-off point of epicardial adipose thickness in predicting cardiovascular adverse events was 2.95 mm with a sensitivity of 65%, specificity 70%, positive predictive value 34%, negative predictive value 90% and AUC of 0.690 (95% CI 0.564 - 0.816, p = 0.005).ConclusionEpicardial adipose thickness with cut-off point 2.95 mm could be used to predict cardiovascular adverse events during thirty days in ACS patients with a sensitivity of 65%, specificity 70% and AUC of 0.690."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) merupakan komplikasi serius pada pasien pasca sindrom koroner akut (SKA) sehingga perlu suatu metode yang andal dalam memprediksi kejadiannya. Heart rate variability (HRV) yang menggambarkan ketidakseimbangan sistem otonom pasca SKA dan dapat dilakukan dengan cara yang lebih cepat, mudah, dan praktis berpotensi dapat digunakan sebagai alat stratifikasi risiko MACE.Tujuan: Mengetahui kemampuan HRV awal perawatan yang diukur melalui metode pulse photoplethysmograph (PPG) dalam memprediksi MACE pada pasien pasca SKA yang dirawat di intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU).Metode: Studi ini adalah studi kohort prospektif dengan subjek pasien SKA yang menjalani perawatan di ICCU. Pemeriksaan HRV dilakukan dengan metode PPG dalam 48 jam pasca diagnosis SKA dan adanya MACE dideteksi selama perawatan di ICCU. Komplikasi yang digolongkan sebagai MACE adalah kematian, aritmia fatal, gagal jantung, syok kardiogenik, re-infark, dan komplikasi mekanik. Kemampuan HRV dalam memprediksi MACE dinyatakan melalui AUC (+IK95%) dan untuk parameter yang memiliki kemampuan prediksi baik akan dihitung nilai prediksi positif (PPV) dan nilai prediksi negatif (NPV) beserta IK95% parameter tersebut.Hasil: Sebanyak 75 subjek SKA menjalani pengukuran HRV < 48 jam pasca diagnosis dan sebanyak 18,7% di antaranya mengalami MACE. Parameter LF dengan AUC 0,697 (0,543-0,850) dan rasio LF/HF dengan AUC 0,851 (0,741-0,962) memiliki kemampuan diskriminasi MACE yang paling baik. Parameter LF pada titik potong 89,673 memiliki PPV dan NPV sebesar 13% dan 71%, sedangkan rasio LF/HF pada titik potong 1,718 sebesar 6% dan 50%.Kesimpulan: Variabel LF dan rasio LF/HF merupakan parameter HRV yang dinilai memiliki kemampuan diskriminasi cukup baik terhadap MACE. Kedua variabel tersebut memiliki nilai prediksi negatif sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menyingkirkan kemungkinan terjadinya MACE pada mereka dengan nilai LF > 89,673 dan rasio LF/HR > 1,718.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are serious complications needed to be predicted rapidly and accurately in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Heart rate variability (HRV), reflecting autonomic system imbalance post ACS, is currently available in quick, easy, and practical method. This parameter has potential to be used in MACE risk stratification.Aim: To find the ability of HRV measurement with pulse photoplethysmograph (PPG) method in predicting MACE in post ACS patients hospitalized in intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU).Method: This study is a prospective study using ACS patients in ICCU as its subjects. Measurement of HRV by means of PPG is conducted within 48 hours post diagnosis and the incidence of MACE is identified during ICCU stay. Events classified as MACE are including death, lethal arrhytmia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, re-infarction, and other mechanical complications. The ability of HRV in predicting MACE was listed as AUC (+95%CI) and for specific HRV parameters which had adequate capability, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) would be calculated.Result: HRV measurements were done in 75 ACS subjects < 48 h post-diagnosis. Among the subjects, 18,7% suffered from MACE. Measurement of LF with AUC 0,697 (0,543-0,850) and LF/HF ratio with AUC 0,851 (0,741-0,962) had the best discrimination values. The former variable had PPV and NPV of 13% and 71% in the cutoff point of 89,673, while the latter had the number of 6% and 50% in the cutoff point of 1,718, respectively.Conclusion: LF and LF/HF ratio are the only HRV variables having adequate MACE discrimination. Both variables have better NPV so that they can be applied in reducing MACE risk in patients with LF > 89,673 and LF/HF ratio > 1,718.;Introduction: Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are serious complications needed to be predicted rapidly and accurately in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Heart rate variability (HRV), reflecting autonomic system imbalance post ACS, is currently available in quick, easy, and practical method. This parameter has potential to be used in MACE risk stratification.Aim: To find the ability of HRV measurement with pulse photoplethysmograph (PPG) method in predicting MACE in post ACS patients hospitalized in intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU).Method: This study is a prospective study using ACS patients in ICCU as its subjects. Measurement of HRV by means of PPG is conducted within 48 hours post diagnosis and the incidence of MACE is identified during ICCU stay. Events classified as MACE are including death, lethal arrhytmia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, re-infarction, and other mechanical complications. The ability of HRV in predicting MACE was listed as AUC (+95%CI) and for specific HRV parameters which had adequate capability, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) would be calculated.Result: HRV measurements were done in 75 ACS subjects < 48 h post-diagnosis. Among the subjects, 18,7% suffered from MACE. Measurement of LF with AUC 0,697 (0,543-0,850) and LF/HF ratio with AUC 0,851 (0,741-0,962) had the best discrimination values. The former variable had PPV and NPV of 13% and 71% in the cutoff point of 89,673, while the latter had the number of 6% and 50% in the cutoff point of 1,718, respectively.Conclusion: LF and LF/HF ratio are the only HRV variables having adequate MACE discrimination. Both variables have better NPV so that they can be applied in reducing MACE risk in patients with LF > 89,673 and LF/HF ratio > 1,718., Introduction: Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are serious complications needed to be predicted rapidly and accurately in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Heart rate variability (HRV), reflecting autonomic system imbalance post ACS, is currently available in quick, easy, and practical method. This parameter has potential to be used in MACE risk stratification.Aim: To find the ability of HRV measurement with pulse photoplethysmograph (PPG) method in predicting MACE in post ACS patients hospitalized in intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU).Method: This study is a prospective study using ACS patients in ICCU as its subjects. Measurement of HRV by means of PPG is conducted within 48 hours post diagnosis and the incidence of MACE is identified during ICCU stay. Events classified as MACE are including death, lethal arrhytmia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, re-infarction, and other mechanical complications. The ability of HRV in predicting MACE was listed as AUC (+95%CI) and for specific HRV parameters which had adequate capability, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) would be calculated.Result: HRV measurements were done in 75 ACS subjects < 48 h post-diagnosis. Among the subjects, 18,7% suffered from MACE. Measurement of LF with AUC 0,697 (0,543-0,850) and LF/HF ratio with AUC 0,851 (0,741-0,962) had the best discrimination values. The former variable had PPV and NPV of 13% and 71% in the cutoff point of 89,673, while the latter had the number of 6% and 50% in the cutoff point of 1,718, respectively.Conclusion: LF and LF/HF ratio are the only HRV variables having adequate MACE discrimination. Both variables have better NPV so that they can be applied in reducing MACE risk in patients with LF > 89,673 and LF/HF ratio > 1,718.]"

"Latar Belakang. Penyakit kardiovaskular masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama global. Banyak penelitian menghubungkan kondisi Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) pada pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut (SKA) dengan luaran klinis yang lebih buruk. Mengetahui peran faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event (MACE) pada pasien SKA dengan PGK penting dalam upaya pencegahan luaran yang buruk.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan skor Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), skor Gensini, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), dan Rasio Netrofil Limfosit (RNL) terhadap kejadian MACE 30 hari pasien SKA yang mengalami PGK non-dialisis.Metode. Desain penelitian kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis117 pasien SKA yang menjalani PCI di Rumah Sakit Umum Pemerintah Cipto Mangunkusumo sejak Januari 2018 hingga Juni 2018. Pasien dibagi berdasarkan derajat PGK serta dinilai MACE 30 hari. Dilakukan pencatatan data skor GRACE, skor Gensini, LVH, dan RNL. Analisis hubungan faktor-faktor tersebut dilakukan menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil. Dari 117 pasien 62,3% ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), pada akhir perawatan 67,5% pasien termasuk dalam kelompok derajat 1-2 PGK, 17,1% dalam kelompok PGK derajat 3a-3b dan 15,4% dalam kelompok PGK derajat 4-5. MACE terjadi pada 47 (40,2%) pasien dengan 17 (14,5%) mengalami kematian.Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara skor GRACE dengan MACE (54,8% MACE pada skor GRACE tinggi vs 32% MACE padaskor GRACE rendah-sedang ( p = 0,016) (OR : 2,57 IK95% : 1,18-5,59), sedangkan pada skor Gensini,LVH dan RNL walaupun terdapat peningkatan proporsi MACE namun tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan.Kesimpulan. Skor GRACE berhubungan dengan MACE 30 hari pasien SKA dengan PGK non dialisis.

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Background. Cardiovascular disease is still a major global health problem. Many studies have linked Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients with worse clinical outcomes. Knowing the role of factors that influence MACE in ACS with CKD patients is important in preventing poor outcomes.

Objective. To determine the relationship between GRACE scores, Gensini scores, LVH, and NLR to the 30-day MACE incidence in ACS patients with CKD.

Method. This study is a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from the medical records of 117 ACS patients who underwent PCI at the Cipto Mangunkusumo Government General Hospital from January 2018 to June 2018. Patients were divided based on the degree of CKD and assessed for 30-day MACE. Data were recorded on GRACE scores, Gensini

scores, LVH, and RNL. Analysis of the relationship between these factors was carried out using the Chi Square test.

Results. Of the 117 patients 62.3% were STEMI, at the end of hospital treatment 67.5% were in the normal-grade 2 CKD group, 17.1% in the CKD grade 3a-3b group and 15.4% in the CKD grade 4-5 group. MACE occurred in 47 (40.2%) patients with 17 (14.5%) dying. There was a significant relationship between GRACE scores and MACE (54.8% MACE at high GRACE scores vs. 32% MACE at low-moderate GRACE scores (p = 0.016) (OR : 2,57

CI95% : 1,18-5,59)), while the Gensini score, LVH and NLR scores even though there was an increase in the proportion of MACE but no significant relationship was found.

Conclusion. The GRACE score correlates with the 30-day MACE of ACS with non- dialysis

CKD patients.

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"ABSTRAKGangguan mineral tulang GMT merupakan salah satu komplikasi pada penyakitginjal kronik PGK . GMT-PGK menyebabkan gangguan sistemik padametabolisme mineral yang mengakibatkanabnormalitaskadar mineral, kelainanturn overtulang dan kalsifikasi pembuluh darah. Pada pasien PGK yang menjalanidialisis rutin GMT dapat meningkatkan angka mortalitas sebesar 20 . Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguanmineral tulang pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis rutin. Desain penelitian iniadalahcross sectional, menggunakan 72 responden pasien hemodialisis rutin diRSUPN. DR. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, dipilih dengan menggunakan TeknikConcecutive sampling. Data mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengangangguan mineral tulang ini diperoleh melalui wawancara dan data rekam medikpasiendalam tiga bulan terakhir. Analisis yang digunakan adalahuji chi-square,hasil uji statistik menyatakan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor usia,jenis kelamin, status nutrisi: obesitas, lama menjalani hemodialysis dan kepatuhanpenggunaan pengikat posfatdengan GMT p0,05 . Penelitian inimerekomendasikan kepada praktisi kesehatan untuk membuat suatu protokoluntukdeteksi dini terjadinya resiko GMTpada pasien PGKyang menjalani hemodialisisberdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut.

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ABSTRACTMineral and bone disorder MBD is complications which may occur in chronickidney disease CKD . CKD MBD is characterized by systemic disorder of mineralmetabolism which leads to abnormality of blood mineral level, alterationof boneturnover, and calcification blood vessels that may result in an increased morbidityand mortality. MBD may increase mortality rate of CKD patients undergoingregular hemodialysis up to 20 . This study aimed to identify factors affectingmineral andbone disorder among patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. Thestudy design wascross sectionalwith total sample of 72 patients undergoingregular hemodialysis in RSUPN. DR. Cipto Mangunkusumo selected by consecutivesampling. Data regarding factors affecting mineral and bone disorder wereobtained through interview and medical record of the past three months. The datawere analyzed by chi square test. The result suggested that there was a significantcorrelation between age, sex, nutritional status obesity, time since firsthemodialysis and adherence to phosphate binder regimen and MBD p0.05 . Developing a protocol for early detection of complications dueto bone and mineral disorder is recommended for patient with CKD undergoingregular Hemodialysis."