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"Latar Belakang: Obesitas diketahui memiliki berbagai macam komplikasi dalam jangka panjang, salah satunya yaitu gangguan motilitas lambung dan perlambatan pengosongan lambung. Hal ini memiliki implikasi yang cukup serius khususnya pada kondisi perioperatif dimana perlambatan pengosongan lambung meningkatkan risiko aspirasi cairan lambung ke saluran napas. Dibutuhkan penilaian isi konten lambung secara riil menggunakan ultrasonografi untuk menilai volume residual lambung perioperatif. Tujuan: Menganalisis posisi pemeriksaan yang optimal dan metode pengukuran ultrasonografi lambung yang terbaik serta membandingkan volume residual lambung berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi dua jam pasca pemberian cairan maltodextrin 12,5% antara populasi obesitas dan non obesitas. Metode: Sebanyak 53 subjek berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini pada periode Desember 2023 hingga Maret 2024. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang perbandingan volume residual lambung antara populasi obesitas dan non obesitas yang dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan hasil pengukuran diameter CSA antrum lambung dengan metode elipsoid ataupun dua dimensional. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara posisi pemeriksaan RLD dibandingkan berbaring dalam menilai volume residual lambung (p < 0,05). Median volume residual lambung dua jam pasca konsumsi cairan karbohidrat pada kelompok obesitas berat yaitu 1,93 (0,56-3,39) ml/KgBB dengan batas aman risiko aspirasi yaitu <1,5 ml/KgBB. Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi lambung terbaik dilakukan pada posisi RLD dan dapat menggunakan metode elipsoid ataupun dua dimensional. Terdapat peningkatan volume residual lambung dua jam pasca konsumsi cairan karbohidrat yang melebihi batas aman risiko aspirasi pada kelompok obesitas berat.

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Background: Obesity is known to have various long-term complications, one of which is delayed gastric emptying. This condition has quite serious implications, especially in perioperative conditions which can increases the risk of aspiration of gastric fluid into the airway. Gastric content assessment using ultrasonography is needed to assess perioperative gastric residual volume. Objective: To analyze the optimal examination position, the best gastric ultrasound measurement method and to compare the gastric residual volume two hours after administration of 12.5% maltodextrin fluid in obese and non-obese populations. Method: A total of 53 subjects participated in this study during the December 2023 to March 2024. This was a cross-sectional comparative study of gastric residual volume between obese and non-obese populations analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: There were no differences in the results of measuring the CSA diameter of the gastric antrum using the ellipsoid or two-dimensional method. There was a significant difference between the RLD examination position compared to supine position in assessing gastric residual volume (p < 0.05). The median residual volume of the gastric antrum two hours after consuming carbohydrate fluids in the severely obese group was 1.93 (0.56-3.39) ml/KgBW which exceed the safe limit for aspiration risk (<1.5 ml/KgBW). Conclusion: The best gastric ultrasound examination is carried out in the RLD position and can use both ellipsoid and two-dimensional method. There was significant increase in gastric residual volume two hours after carbohydrate fluids administration which exceeded the safe limit for risk aspiration in the severely obese group."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:Penentuan jenis cairan pleura merupakan langkah awal dalammenentukan etiologi suatu efusi pleura dan dilakukan menggunakan Kriteria Light.Kriteria Alternatif Heffner belum banyak diteliti dan digunakan di Indonesia.Kriteria ini memiliki kelebihan dibandingkan Kriteria Light, yaitu tidakmemerlukan pengambilan serum darah. Ultrasonografi (USG) toraks juga memilikinilai diagnostik dalam penentuan jenis cairan pleura serta semakin rutin dilakukanuntuk memandu torakosentesis dalam rangka mencegah komplikasi. ApabilaUltrasonografi dapat digunakan untuk menentukan jenis cairan pleura tentunyaakan meningkatkan efisiensi pemeriksaan efusi pleura.Tujuan: Membandingkan penambahan USG Thorax pada Kriteria AlternatifLaboratorium dengan Kriteria Alternatif Laboratorium saja dalam mendiagnosiseksudat/transudat pada populasi penderita efusi pleura di RSCM menggunakanKriteria Light sebagai baku emas.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan mengumpulkansampel konsekutif sebanyak 60 orang. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien efusi pleuradengan usia lebih dari sama dengan 18 tahun dan kriteria eksklusi adalah pasienyang pernah dilakukan pungsi pada sisi yang sama sebelumnya. Penelitiandilakukan di RSCM pada periode Januari-Maret 2019. Pada subyek penelitiandilakukan pemeriksaan USG toraks dan pemeriksaan LDH,protein, dan kolesterolcairan pleura serta LDH dan protein cairan serum darah.Hasil: Pada pemeriksaan cairan efusi pleura menggunakan Kriteria AlternatifHeffner didapatkan hasil Sensitivitas dan Spesifisitas sebesar 97,67 % (IK 95%87,71-99,94) dan 94,12 % (IK 95% 71.31-99.85) . Sementara pada penambahanUSG toraks pada Kriteria Alternatif didapatkan hasil Sensitivitas dan Spesifisitassebesar 97,67 % (IK 95% 87,71-99,94) dan 88,24 % (IK 95% 63,56-98,54).Simpulan: Penambahan USG Thorax pada Kriteria Alternatif Laboratoriummenurut Heffner memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang tidak lebih baikdibandingkan dengan Kriteria Alternatif saja dalam mendiagnosiseksudat/transudat sesuai Kriteria Light sebagai baku emas pada populasi penderitaefusi pleura di RSCM. Tetapi hasil positif USG thorax mungkin sangat membantuuntuk menentukan tatalaksana efusi komplikata lebih cepat dan efisien sertamemangkas biaya berlebihan terutama pada kasus emergensi.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Determining the Nature of Pleural Effusion using Light Criteria isthe first step to find the right etiology in pleural effusion patient. The HeffnerAlternative Criteria was introduced to replace Light Criteria when there aredifficulties to obtain blood serum. The use of this new criteria is very few inIndonesia and there are no research in Indonesian population yet. ThoraxUltrasonography is also a routine diagnostic imaging modalities in pleural effusion.It is used to guide safe torakosentesis procedure. The use of ultrasonography indetermining the nature of pleural effusion can increase the efficiency of pleuraleffusion diagnosis.Objective: This study analyze the diagnostic performance between HeffnerAlternative Criteria alone compare to with adding thorax USG in determining thenature of pleural effusion using Light Criteria as gold standard.Methods: This was a cross sectional study, using 60 consecutive samples. Thepopulation of this study is patient in RSCM Hospital between January-March 2019.Inclusion criteria is pelural effusion patient age 18 years old or older. Patient wereexcluded if already puncture at the same side before. Thorax Ultrasonography wasdone and the LDH, Protein, Cholesterol of the pleural fluid was obtained.Results:The Sensitivity and Specificity of Heffner Alternative Criteria alone were97,67 % (CI 95% 87,71-99,94) and 94,12 % (CI 95% 71.31-99.85). The Sensitivityand Specificity of Heffner Alternative Criteria with added Thorax Ultrasonographywere 97,67 % (CI 95% 87,71-99,94) dan 88,24 % (CI 95% 63,56-98,54).Conclusions: Adding Ultrasonography to Heffner Alternative Criteria was notimproving the already very good Sensitivity and Specificity of Heffner AlternativeCriteria alone in determining the nature of pleural effusion. But a positive resultfrom the Ultrasonography may reduce time and cost for the management ofcomplicated pleural effusion especially in emergency cases."

"Tujuan : Mencari Korelasi antara ketebalan lemak subkutis dengan menggunakan ultrasonografi dibandingkan dengan persentase lemak total tubuh dengan metoda Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) dan mencari formula untuk memperkirakan persentase lemak total tubuh dengan menggunakan ketebalan lemak subkutis menggunakan ultrasonografi. Subjek dan Metode : Kami melakukan suatu studi prospektif antara bulan Januari sampai dengan April 2003 pada sebanyak 50 orang sukarelawan dengan indeks massa tubuh normal, dilakukan pemeriksaan Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) dan Ketebalan lemak subkutis dengan menggunakan ultrasonografi. Oari BIA dilakukan pengukuran impedance (Z) pada frekuensi 50 KHz yang selanjutnya dihitung massa bebas lemak dengan formulasi dari Oeurenberg kemudian dilakukan perhitungan persentase lemak total tubuh. Sedangkan USG jaringan lemak subkutis dilakukan dengan menggunakan transducel linier 7,5 MHz, dengan mengukur ketebalan lemak dari permukaan bawah kulit sampai batas atas otot pada daerah triceps, biceps, subscapula, midaxilla, suprailiaca dan abdominal. Menggunakan SPSS versi 10.0 dicari korelasi antara kedua indikator tersebut yang selanjutnya untuk menguji hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut dilakukan suatu uji korelasi regresi.

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Objective: To find the correlation between subcutaneous fat thickness by using ultrasound compared to the percentage of total body fat by Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) method and to find formula to estimate the total body fat percentage using subcutaneous fat thickness using ultrasound. Subject and Method: We conducted a prospective study between January and April 2003 on 50 volunteers with normal body mass index, Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) and subcutaneous fat thickness examination using ultrasound. Oari BIA is measured impedance (Z) at a frequency of 50 KHz which is then calculated as a fat-free mass with the formulation of Oeurenberg then calculates the total body fat percentage. Meanwhile, ultrasonography of subcutaneous fat tissue was performed using a 7.5 MHz linear transducel, by measuring the thickness of fat from the lower surface of the skin to the upper limit of the muscles in the triceps, biceps, subscapula, midaxilla, suprailiaca and abdominal regions. Using SPSS version 10.0, a correlation between the two indicators was sought, and then to test the relationship between the two variables, a regression correlation test was carried out."

"Introduction: In 2010, the American Venous Forum developed a Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) scoring system to assess the severity of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI), where this system was said to be more comprehensive than the CEAP system. However, VCSS validation was still lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine VCSS for reflux and leg vein diameter based on ultrasonography. Method: This study was a cross-sectional diagnostic test on women workers with standing work positions of 114 people (228 limbs) in Jakarta. VCSS assessment and ultrasound examinations were carried out on all subjects. The relationship between VCSS with reflux and leg vein diameter was analyzed using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results: From 228 examined limbs, the VCSS score of 0-3 was 18.4%, and the score of ≥4 was 81.6%. Reflux was found in 21.9% of the limbs. There was a significant relationship between VCSS and reflux in leg veins. The diameter of the great saphenous vein was between 2.1-12.2 mm, the femoral vein was 7.1-17 mm, the popliteal vein as 3-11.4, and the small saphenous vein was 1.7-7mm. When VCSS was analyzed for association with venous diameter, a significant relationship was found. VCSS sensitivity compared with reflux based on USG was 78%, specificity was 98.31%, positive predictive value was 92.86%, and the negative predictive value was 93.86%.Conclusion: From the results of this study, it was concluded that the VCSS score could be used as a method for assessing chronic venous insufficiency. Although VCSS is was to assess the severity of the chronic venous disease, VCSS can also be used for screening because it shows a good relationship with the reflux and venous diameter of the limbs based on ultrasound."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional dengan teknik deskriptif dan korelatif untuk mendapatkan gambaran maturasi fistula A V dengan USG Doppler, mengkorelasikan antara kecepatan draining vein, flow darah pada draining vein, diameter internal draining vein, ketebalan dinding draining vein, diameter internal feeding artery, kecepatan feeding artery dengan flow darah pada mesin hemodialisa yang mencerminkan keadekuatan hemodialisis.

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A study has been conducted with a cross-sectional design with descriptive and correlative techniques to obtain an image of the maturation of the A V fistula with Doppler ultrasound, correlating between the velocity of the draining vein, the blood flow at the draining vein, the internal diameter of the draining vein, the thickness of the drainage vein wall, the diameter of the Internal Feeding Artery, the speed of feeding the artery with blood flow on the hemodialysis machine which reflects the adequacy of hemodialysis."

"ABSTRAKTujuan Mengetahui perbandingan sensitivitas antara pemeriksaan USG dan radiografi spot dalam menilai lesi proses aktif di tulang iga berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan skintigrafi planar tulang pada pasien dengan keganasan. Metode Penelitian analitik potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap 13 pasien keganasan dengan proses aktif pada iga yang ditemukan pada pemeriksaan skintigrafi planar tulang. Pemeriksaan radiografi spot dan ultrasonografi dilakukan terhadap 54 lesi yang ditemukan Pada tiap pemeriksaan, dinilai proses yang mendasari terjadinya proses aktif. Sensitivitas radiografi spot dan USG dibandingkan. Hasil Pada radiografi spot didapatkan 5 (9,3%) lesi akibat fraktur pada 1 (1,9%) lesid an 4 (7,4%) lesi. Ultrasonografi menggambarkan 19 (35,2%) lesi akibat fraktur pada 2 (3,7%) lesi dan metastasis 17 (31,5%). Ultrasonografi terbukti memiliki sensitivitas yang lebih tinggi dibanding radiografi spot dalam menilai proses yang mendasari proses aktif pada iga (McNemar p=0,001) Kesimpulan Ultrasonografi terhadap iga merupakan modalitas yang baik untuk menilai proses yang mendasari proses aktif pada iga yang ditemukan pada skintigrafi planar tulang pada pasien keganasan.

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ABSTRACTObjective Our aim was to compare the sensitivity between spot radiography and ultrasonography in evaluating active process on ribs in patients with malignancy. Methodes In this analytic cross sectional study, thirteen subjects with malignancy with active process on ribs seen on bone scintigraphy were selected. Spot radiography and high-resolution sonography were performed on 54 active process. In each examination, active process were reviewed for underlying process. The sensitivity of spot radiography and ultrasound were compared. Results Spot radiography revealed 5 (9.3%) to be fracture in 1 (1.9%) lesion and metastasis in 4 (7.4%) lesions. Ultrasound revealed 19 (35.2%) lesions to be fracture in 2 (3.7%) and metastasis in 17 (31.5%). Ultrasound was proven to have higher sensitivity compared to spot radiography in evaluating the underlying process of active process on ribs seen in bone scintigraphy (McNemar=0.001). Conclusion High-resolution sonography of the ribs is a useful modality in evaluating ribs active process seen in bone scintigraphy in patients with malignancy."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akurasi parameter pola gambaran ultrasonografi dan kadar CA 125 untuk membedakan endometrioma dengan kistadenoma musinosum yang merupakan penelitian uji diagnostik dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan mengambil data retrospektif dari Januari 2015 hingga Desember 2017. Pasien poliklinik rawat jalan ginekologi dengan kecurigaan memiliki neoplasma ovarium kistik direkrut. Sebagai Gold standar adalah temuan histologi dari massa adneksa yang dioperasi. Pola gambaran ultrasonografi dan kadar CA 125 akan disusun menjadi model untuk mendiagnosis endometrioma, kistadenoma musinosum, tumor jinak lain, dan tumor ganas/ borderline. Analisis statistik dari prediksi model untuk mebedakan endometrioma dengan kistadenoma musinosum dihitung berdasarkan cross tabulation sehingga didapatkan nilai akurasi, sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif dan nilai prediksi negatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan 200 pasien, sebanyak 83 kasus (41,5%) adalah endometrioma, 50 kasus (25%) adalah kistadenoma musinosum, 35 kasus (17,5%) adalah tumor jinak lain, 32 kasus (16%) adalah tumor ganas/ borderline. Karakteristik endometrioma adalah median CA 125 158,25 IU/mL, dinding tipis (72,29%), unilokuler (78,31%), bilateral ( 56,60%), ekogenisitas ground glass (66,27%), adanya perlengketan (68,7%), tanpa komponen padat (80,7%), sementara itu karakteristik kistadenona musinosum adalah median CA 125 52,85 IU/mL, dinding tipis (58 %), multilokuler (76%), unilateral (98%), ekogenisitas campuran (52%), tanpa perlengketan (84%), dan tanpa komponen padat (66%). Akurasi dari model regresi multinomial untuk membedakan endometrioma dengan kistadenoma musinosum yaitu 86%, dengan nilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif, dan nilai prediksi negatif masing-masing 87%, 84%, 92%, dan 77%. Model ini akurat  secara statistik (p <0,05). Sebagai kesimpulan didapatkan parameter pola gambaran ultrasonografi dikombinasikan dengan kadar CA 125 memiliki kemampuan yang baik untuk membedakan endometrioma dengan kistadenoma musinosum.

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ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to assess the accuracy a set of parameter which are based on ultrasonography features and CA 125 level to discriminate endometrioma and mucinous cystadenoma. This was [i-[1] a diagnostic test research with cross-sectional study design conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital with retrospective data from January 2015 through December 2017. Gynecological outpatients clinics with suspicion of having ovarian cyst neoplasms based on patient history, clinical examination and ultrasonography were recruited. The gold standard is the histological findings of discarded adnexal masses. We conducted models based on multinomial regression analysis using gray-scale ultrasound characteristics and CA 125 level variables to diagnose endometrioma, mucinous cystadenoma, other benign tumor, malignant/ borderline tumor. Statistical analysis were calculated using cross-tabulation, to get accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value to differentiate endometrioma and mucinous cystadenoma. This study involved 200 patients, as many as 83 cases (41.5%) were endometriomas, 50 cases (25%) were mucinous cystadenoma, 35 cases (17,5%) were other benign tumor, and 32 cases were (16%) malignant/ borderline tumor. The characteristic endometrioma patients were median CA 125 level 158,25 IU/mL, thin wall (72,29%), unilocular cysts (78,31%), bilateral ( 56,60%), ground glass echogenicity (66,27%), adhesion (68,7%), without solid component (80,7%), while the ovarian mucinous cystadenomas were median CA 125 52,85 IU/mL, thin wall (58 %), multilocular (76%), unilateral (98%), variable echogenicity (52%), without adhesion (84%), and without solid component (66%). The multinomial logistic models can discriminate endometrioma and mucinous cystadenoma with accuracy 86%, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of 87%, 84%,  92%, and 77%, respectively. The models were significantly accurate (p<0,05). Inconclusion, a multinomial logistic model derived from ultrasonography features and CA 125 level can accurately to discriminate endometriomas and mucinous cystadenoma [i-[1]"