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"Fosfor merupakan sumber daya terbatas yang berperan penting dalam kegiatan agrikultur di seluruh dunia. Namun, keberadaan fosfor seringkali terbuang sia-sia baik dalam air limbah hasil kegiatan pertanian maupun dalam air limbah domestik. Maka dari itu, lumpur aktif dalam suatu Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) diperkirakan mempunyai potensi besar menjadi sumber fosfor yang baru. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kondisi optimum dalam upaya pemulihan fosfor dari lumpur aktif berdasarkan nilai pH, suhu, dan waktu kontak melalui proses fisik dan kimia. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah analisis potensi pemulihan fosfor dari lumpur aktif IPAL MBBR Setiabudi dengan bantuan pemodelan Visual MINTEQ 4.0. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dimana akan didapatkannya nilai pH dan suhu optimum berdasarkan pelepasan fosfor yang telah diujikan. Penelitian terdiri dari 3 tahap utama, yaitu pengujian ICP-OES, simulasi Visual MINTEQ 4.0, dan pengujian eksperimen menggunakan shakers. Pengujian ICP-OES dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam pada  sampel lumpur aktif. Data tersebut kemudian digunakan sebagai inputan pemodelan Visual MINTEQ untuk mencari nilai indeks saturasi senyawa fosfor sehingga dapat ditentukannya kondisi ideal pelepasan fosfor. Selanjutnya, pengujian shakers dilakukan dengan rincian pengujian pH dan suhu dalam rentang waktu kontak yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai pH, maka potensi pelepasan fosfor akan semakin rendah dimana nilai pH yang paling efektif adalah pH 4 dengan konsentrasi fosfor tertinggi sebesar 18,10 mg/L. Sedangkan berdasarkan waktu kontak, fosfor pada lumpur aktif akan mengalami proses pelarutan dan presipitasi sampai akhirnya mencapai titik kesetimbangan, yaitu pada menit ke-15. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pelepasan fosfor adalah kandungan organik yang smendominasi sampel lumpur aktif, yaitu 85,42%. Selain itu, kandungan logam pada lumpur aktif yang tinggi juga dapat mengurangi potensi pemulihan fosfor karena fosfor cenderung berikatan dengan logam dan membentuk senyawa baru

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Phosphorus is a limited resource that plays an important role in agricultural activities troughout the world. However, phosphorus is often wasted both in wastewater resulting from agricultural activities and in domestic wastewater. Therefore, activated sludge in a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is estimated to have great potential to become a new source of phosphorus. The aim of this research is to determine the optimum conditions for recovering phosphorus from activated sludge based on pH value, temperature, and contact time through physical and chemical processes. The form of this research is an analysis of the potential of phosphorus recovery from the activated sludge of the IPAL MBBR Setiabudi with the help of Visual MINTEQ 4.0 modelling. This type of research is quantitive research where optimum pH and temperature values will be obtained based on the release of phosphorus that has been tested. The research consisted of 3 main stages, which is ICP-OES testing, simulation of Visual MINTEQ 4.0, and experimental testing using shakers. ICP-OES testing was carried out to determine the metal content in activated sludge samples. This data is then used as input for Visual MINTEQ modelling to find the saturation index value for phosphorus compounds so that ideal conditions for phosphorus release can be determines. Next, shakers testing is carried out with detailed pH and temperature tests within a predetermined contact time range. The experimental results show that the higher the pH value, the lower the potential for phosphorus releasem where the most effective pH value is pH 4 with the highest phosphorus concentration of 18,10 mg/L. Meanwhile, based on contact time, phosphorus in activated sludge will undergo a dissolution and precipitation proscess until it finally reaches the equilibrium point, namely in the 15 minutes. The factor that influences the phosphorus release process is the organic content in activated sludge which dominates, approximately 85,42%. In addition, the high metal content in activated sludge can also reduce the potential for phosphorus recovery because phosphorus tends to bind with metal and formed new compounds."

"Produksi dari kegiatan agrikultura sangat bergantung akan ketersediaan sumber daya fosfor yang berperan penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Penggunaan pupuk fosfor berkonsentrasi tinggi telah menjadi praktik terus-menerus yang dapat mengancam cadangan fosfor yang merupakan sumber daya yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Namun di sisi lain, fosfor merupakan salah satu polutan utama dalam perairan yang pada akhirnya mengakibatkan tingginya kandungan fosfor pada lumpur di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Pemulihan fosfor dari lumpur aktif IPAL kemudian menjadi opsi potensial yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengembalikan ketersediaan fosfor di dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efisiensi pemulihan fosfor dari lumpur aktif melalui proses fermentasi. Didapatkan hasil bahwa fermentasi dapat melepaskan fosfor terlarut dengan nilai tertinggi pada hari ketiga percobaan, yaitu sebesar 39,12 mg/L atau setara dengan 6% dari fosfor total dalam sampel. Nilai tersebut masih berada di bawah efisiensi pelepasan fosfor pada umumnya yang mungkin diakibatkan oleh tingginya kandungan logam pada sampel. Sehingga diperlukan pre-treatment pada sampel agar efisiensi pelepasan fosfor meningkat, salah satu caranya adalah melakukan fermentasi asam. Produksi Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) dari lumpur aktif melalui proses fermentasi juga dicari tahu sehingga diketahui proses fermentasi dapat memproduksi VFA sebesar 1483,216 mg/L. Nilai tersebut berada pada rentang produksi VFA yang umumnya terjadi melalui fermentasi lumpur aktif.

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Production from agricultural activities is highly dependent on the availability of phosphorus resources which play an important role for plant growth. The use of high concentrations of phosphorus fertilizers has been an ongoing practice that can threaten phosphorus stocks which are non-renewable resources. But on the other hand, phosphorus is one of the major pollutants in waters which eventually results in high phosphorus content in the sludge at the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). Phosphorus recovery from WWTP activated sludge then becomes a potential option that can be carried out to restore phosphorus availability in the world. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of phosphorus recovery from waste activated sludge through anaerobic fermentation process. It was found that fermentation can release dissolved phosphorus with the highest value on the fourth day of the experiment at 39.12 mg/L which is equivalent to 6% of the total phosphorus in the sample. This value is still below the efficiency of phosphorus release in general, which may be due to the high metal content in the sample. So that pre-treatment of sludge is needed so that the efficiency of phosphorus release increases, one method that is well suited to do is to conduct acid fermentation. Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) production from activated sludge through the fermentation process was also investigated, and it was found that the fermentation process could produce VFA of 1483.216 mg/L. This value is within the range of VFA production that generally occurs through activated sludge fermentation."

"Fosfor (P) merupakan salah satu mineral dalam limbah kotoran manusia yang kurang dimanfaatkan. Tidak ada prioritas global untuk memastikan aksesibilitas fosfor yang cukup di masa mendatang sehingga perlu adanya pemulihan atau daur ulang fosfor, salah satunya ialah melalui proses fermentasi secara anaerobik untuk dipergunakan kembali sebagai produk agrikultur berupa pupuk. Dalam pengolahan anaerobik, proses fermentasi akan menghasilkan produk berupa volatile fatty acid (VFA) yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam produksi bioplastik, bioenergi, dan penyisihan nutrien dari limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pelepasan fosfor dan produksi VFA dari lumpur tinja melalui proses fermentasi. Penelitian didahului dengan pengujian ICP-OES untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik lumpur tinja, kemudian proses fermentasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor batch selama delapan (8) hari. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum pelepasan fosfor dan produksi VFA berada pada hari ke-8 fermentasi dengan perolehan konsentrasi fosfor terlarut sebesar 52,02 mg/L, persentase P-release sebesar 6%, dan konsentrasi VFA sebesar 1.351,35 mg/L. Pelepasan fosfor dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan bakteri asidogenik dalam reaktor dapat melepaskan fosfor sekaligus memproduksi VFA. Produksi VFA dan pH, kandungan logam berat, serta bahan organik kompleks juga memengaruhi pelepasan fosfor seiring berjalannya proses fermentasi yang terbukti dengan adanya tren peningkatan dan penurunan konsentrasi fosfor selama penelitian berlangsung.

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Phosphorus (P) is one of the underutilized minerals in human waste. There is no global priority to ensure sufficient phosphorus accessibility in the future, necessitating phosphorus recovery or recycling. One method for this is through anaerobic fermentation to be reused as agricultural products like fertilizers. In anaerobic treatment, the fermentation process also produces volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which can be applied in the production of bioplastics, bioenergy, and nutrient removal from waste. This study aims to identify phosphorus release and VFA production from fecal sludge through fermentation. The study began with ICP-OES testing to identify the characteristics of fecal sludge, followed by an eight-day batch reactor fermentation process. The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions for phosphorus release and VFA production were on the 8th day of fermentation, with a dissolved phosphorus concentration of 52.02 mg/L, a P-release percentage of 6%, and a VFA concentration of 1,351.35 mg/L. Phosphorus release was influenced by the presence of acidogenic bacteria in the reactor, which release phosphorus while producing VFAs. VFA production, pH, heavy metal content, and complex organic matter also affected phosphorus release throughout the fermentation process, as evidenced by the trends of increasing and decreasing phosphorus concentrations observed during the study."

"Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pupuk dan produk fosfor lainnya, eksploitasi fosfor tambang dilakukan secara besar-besaran. Lumpur aktif dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) mempunyai potensi besar untuk dijadikan sumber fosfor baru. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi optimum dan pengaruh karakteristik lumpur aktif terhadap pelepasan fosfor dari senyawa kalsium fosfat, yaitu hidroksiapatit (HAP). Penelitian ini juga mencari laju reaksi sebagai dasar penentuan dimensi reaktor. Sebelum melakukan eksperimen, dilakukan simulasi menggunakan Visual MINTEQ 3.1 untuk menentukan kondisi ideal pelepasan fosfor. Eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan reaktor batch dengan variasi nilai pH dan waktu kontak. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah nilai pH, maka pelepasan fosfor semakin tinggi sehingga nilai pH 4 dinilai menjadi nilai pH yang paling efektif. Sedangkan berdasarkan waktu kontak, dengan rentang waktu 120 menit, telah terjadi proses pelarutan dan presipitasi secara dinamis sampai mencapai titik kesetimbangan, yaitu menit ke-30. Karakteristik dari lumpur aktif juga dapat mempengaruhi pelepasan fosfor. Kalsium, sebagai kandungan logam tertinggi di lumpur aktif berdasarkan pengujian, berperan penting karena kemudahannya untuk terikat dengan fosfat dan membentuk senyawa baru sehingga menurunkan konsentrasi fosfor pada larutan. Sedangkan, nilai TSS/VSS pada lumpur aktif dianggap tidak mempengaruhi secara signifikan. Intervensi pada proses presipitasi maupun pelepasan fosfor terjadi pada nilai TSS/VSS yang sangat tinggi. Adapun laju reaksi dihitung menggunakan kesetimbangan massa dan didapatkan koefisien laju reaksi tertinggi pada pH 4, yaitu 0,00339/menit.

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Mining phosphorus exploitation is carried out on a large scale to meet the demand for fertilizers and other phosphorus products. Activated sludge from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) has great potential to be used as a new source of phosphorus. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the optimum conditions and the effect of activated sludge characteristics on the release of phosphorus from calcium phosphate compounds, namely hydroxyapatite (HAP). This research is also looking for the rate of reaction as a basis for determining the dimensions of the reactor. Before experimenting, a simulation was carried out using Visual MINTEQ 3.1 to determine the ideal conditions for the release of phosphorus. Experiments were carried out using a batch reactor with pH values and contact time variations. The experimental results show that the lower the pH value, the higher the release of phosphorus, so a pH value of 4 is considered the most effective. Meanwhile, based on the contact time, with a period of 120 minutes, a dynamic dissolution and precipitation process has occurred until it reaches an equilibrium point, which is 30 minute. The characteristics of the activated sludge can also affect the release of phosphorus. Calcium, as the highest metal content in activated sludge based on testing, plays an important role because of its ease in bonding with phosphates and forming new compounds thereby reducing the concentration of phosphorus in solution. Meanwhile, the value of TSS/VSS in activated sludge is considered not to have a significant effect. Intervention in the process of precipitation and release of phosphorus occurs at very high TSS/VSS values. The reaction rate was calculated using a mass balance and the highest reaction rate coefficient was obtained at pH 4, which was 0.00339/minute."

"ABSTRAKFosfor merupakan salah satu nutrien yang dibutuhkan makhluk hidup. Namun, kelebihan kandungan fosfor dalam badan air dapat menyebabkan eutrofikasi. Detergen yang biasa digunakan banyak mengandung fosfor sehingga pembuangan air limbah yang mengandung detergen ke dalam badan air dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi total fosfor dalam badan air tersebut. Danau Mahoni merupakan salah satu badan air penerima air limbah dari Kota Depok, sehingga dilakukan pemodelan kualitas air pada Danau Mahoni agar dapat mengetahui perubahan konsentrasi total fosfor terhadap waktu. Model kesetimbangan massa yang memasukkan mekanisme adveksi, peluruhan, pengambilan oleh mikroorganisme dan pengendapan. Beban point source yang berasal dari pemukiman dan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia diukur secara langsung. Model diselesaikan dengan menggunakan runge-kutta orde keempat untuk mengetahui perubahan konsentrasi total fosfor terhadap waktu.Laju peluruhan total fosfor yang terukur sebesar 0,36 hari-1. Prediksi model menunjukkan bahwa, dalam sehari, konsentrasi total fosfor pada Danau Mahoni memiliki rentang dari 0,41 mg/L hingga 1,39 mg/L. Konsentrasi total fosfor pada danau menunjukkan kondisi yang sama dengan hasil observasi, dimana terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi dari pukul 6.00 hingga pukul 12.00 akibat adanya beban pencemar yang masuk ke dalam danau dan mengalami penurunan konsentrasi dari pukul 13.00 hingga pukul 5.00 akibat tidak adanya beban pencemar. Namun, pada kondisi penurunan konsentrasi terjadi over prediction dimana hasil prediksi mempunyai nilai yang lebih besar dari pada hasil observasi. Model yang telah dibuat memiliki nilai rata-rata kesalahan relatif sebesar 8,8%.Untuk menurunkan konsentrasi total fosfor dalam Danau Mahoni, Universitas Indonesia dapat mengolah air limbah domestik dari pemukiman (W1) yang masuk ke dalam Danau Mahoni menggunakan instalasi pengolahan air limbah. Dengan menggunakan unit SBR konsentrasi total fosfor dalam Danau Mahoni dapat turun hingga 65%.

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ABSTRACTPhosphorus in an important nutrient for organism. However, excessive amounts of phosphorus can lead water body to eutrophic condition. Detergent that usually used contains high amounts of phosphorus so that the discharge of detergent-containing wastewater to the water bodies can increase the total phosphorus concentration in that water bodies. Mahoni lake is one of the water bodies that recieves Depok City’s wastewater. Hence, modelling of water quality is conduted to recognize the change of phosphorus concentration against time. Model of mass balance equation include advection, decay, uptake by microorganism and settling. Point source loading from residential areas and Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia is measured directly. Model is solved by using fourth order runge-kutta to recognize the changes of total phosphrous concentration against time. Measured decay rate of total phosphorus is 0,36 day-1. The model prediction shows that in one day period, phosphorus total concentration in Mahoni lake ranges between 0,41 mg/L to 1,39 mg/L. The total concentration of phosphorus shows the same condition with the observational results, where the concentration goes up at 6.00 to 12.00 caused by loading added into the lake and goes down at 13.00 to 5.00 because there is no loading added into the lake. Although, on the decreasing condition, over prediction occured where the prediction results have higher value compared to observational results. The model have average error of 8,8%. To decrease the total phosphorus concentration in Mahoni lake, Universitas Indonesia can treat the wastewater from residential area (W1) with wastewater treatment plant. By using SBR unit, total phosphorus concentration can be decreased to 65%."

"Peningkatan kebutuhan air bersih menyebabkan meningkatnya timbulan air limbah yang harus dikelola oleh IPAL. IPAL Krukut merupakan salah satu contoh IPAL yang beroperasi di Jakarta dengan kapasitas eksisting 8.640 m3/hari. Metode yang dilakukan pada unit pengolahan lumpur dewatering IPAL Krukut perlu dilakukan optimasi untuk meningkatkan kinerja treatment sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis lumpur sebelum dan sesudah proses dewatering, mengevaluasi parameter desain, serta mengoptimasi jenis dan dosis polimer pada proses dewatering. Penelitian ini bersifat terapan menggunakan grab sampling sebagai metode pengambilan sampel air limbah. Kandungan sampel diuji dengan parameter spesific gravity, TSS, pH, COD, BOD, Cd, Fe, Pb, minyak dan lemak, total coliform, fecal coliform dan Ammonia. Eksperimen yang dilakukan adalah Jar Test dan Buchner Funnel Test dengan jenis polimer anionik Dexfloc, PAC dan FeCl3 dengan variasi dosis 5, 15, 25, 35, dan 50 g/L. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas dewatered sludge pada IPAL Krukut memiliki pH 7.5, Fe 31 mg/L, fecal coliform 0,43 × 102, serta tidak mengandung Pb dan Cd. Unit pengolahan lumpur menghasilkan massa solid total 92,43 kg/hari dengan volume 1,5 m3 /hari. Persentase solid capture pada unit dewatering 97,17% dengan dosis polimer 5,517 g/kg solid sehingga efisiensinya belum memenuhi standar. Optimasi dalam proses chemical conditioning lumpur IPAL Krukut dilakukan menggunakan conditioner PAC dengan dosis 13 g/L, FeCl3 dengan dosis 14 gr/L, atau polimer anionik dengan dosis 26 g/L.

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The increased need for clean water causes higher wastewater generation that the WWTP must manage. Krukut WWTP is one of the example of WWTP operated in Jakarta with an 8,640 m3/day existing capacity. The method used in the Krukut WWTP dewatering sludge treatment unit was necessary to optimize to improve the performance of the previous treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the sludge before and after dewatering, evaluate the design parameters, and optimize the type and dosage of polymer in the dewatering process. This research applied using grab sampling as a method of taking wastewater samples. The sample was tested with parameters specific gravity, TSS, pH, COD, BOD, Cd, Fe, Pb, oil and fat, total and fecal coliform, and Ammonia. The experiments were Jar Test and Buchner Funnel Test with anionic polymer Dexfloc, PAC, and FeCl3 polymer types and doses of 5, 15, 25, 35, and 50 g/L. This study showed the quality of dewatered sludge at the Krukut WWTP had a pH of 7.5, Fe 31 mg/L, fecal coliform 0.43 × 102, and did not contain Pb and Cd. The sludge treatment unit produces a total solid mass of 92.43 kg/day with a 1.5 m3/day volume. The percentage of solid capture in the dewatering unit is 97.17%, with a polymer dosage of 5.517 g/kg solid; thus, the efficiency meets the standard. Optimization in the chemical conditioning process of Krukut WWTP sludge was carried out using a 13 g/L PAC conditioner, 14 g/L of FeCl3, or 26 g/L of anionic polymer."

"Lumpur pada sludge drying bed Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja (IPLT) Kalimulya Depok dimanfaatkan masyarakat sekitar sebagai penyubur tanah. Padahal, lumpur tersebut belum memenuhi kriteria untuk dijadikan penyubur tanah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan satu pengolahan untuk memperbaiki kualitas lumpur tersebut. Pengolahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengomposan yang mencampur lumpur dari sludge drying bed dan sampah organik pasar dengan menggunakan metode open windrow. Pengomposan merupakan proses eksotermik yang akan menghasilkan panas dan pengukuran suhu dilakukan selama proses pengomposan berlangsung. Dalam percobaan pengomposan ini, dua perlakuan pengadukan yang berbeda diberikan pada dua buah komposter. Kompos diaduk dengan frekuensi dua dan empat hari. Kualitas yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah Fecal coliform dan Salmonella sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengadukan empat hari mampu mencapai suhu hingga 66,40C, sedangkan kompos dengan pengadukan dua hari hanya mencapai suhu 65,20C. Hasil pengukuran jumlah Fecal coliform adalah 23 MPN/gr pada hari ke-15, sedangkan jumlah Salmonella sp adalah <2 MPN/4gr pada hari ke-30. Ketika suhu mencapai suhu termofilik (35-650C), maka jumlahkedua bakteri tersebut akan berkurang. Dengan demikian, pengomposan mampu menurunkan jumlah bakteri Fecal coliform dan Salmonella sp sehingga dapat memenuhi SNI 19-7030-2004 tentang Spesifikasi Kompos dari Sampah Organik Domestik. Namun, terjadi pertumbuhan kembali bakteri dan secara signifikan ditunjukkan dengan jumlah Fecal coliform yang meningkat pada hari ke-30 dan 40, yaitu mencapai 50 MPN/gr dan 300 MPN/gr. Titik maturasi kompos tidak hanya dilihat dari kualitas mikrobiologisnya, tetapi juga dari kestabilan suhu, reduksi volume, bau, warna, dan tekstur kompos. Secara umum, variasi frekuensi pengadukan dua dan empat hari sekali tidak menghasilkan perbedaan yang mencolok. Untuk percobaan pengomposan yang lebih efektif, maka pengadukan yang lebih disarankan adalah frekuensi pengadukan 4 hari.

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Sludge that is coming from sludge drying bed in Kalimulya Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Depok was used as soil fertilizer by community nearby. In fact, these sludge do not meet with standard as soil fertilizer and requires other treatment to improve its quality. This research was conducted to treat this sludge by open windrow composting method. This sludge was mixed with organic waste from traditional market. Composting is an exothermic process that is produced heat. The temperature increased due to the heat was measured during process takes place. There are two different turning frequencies performed which are every two and four days. The compost quality parameters that is examined are Fecal coliform and Salmonella sp. SNI No. 19-7030-2004 - Specification of The Domestic Organic Waste Composting was used as a base for compost quality standard.

The result shows that four days turning frequency could reach highest temperature at approximately 66.40C. Meanwhile, two days frequency only could reach highest temperature approximately 65.20C. The average number of Fecal coliform at day 15 is approximately 23 MPN/gr and Salmonella sp at day 30 is not more than 2 MPN/4gr. Composting could reduce the number of both bacteria. However, bacterial regrowth occurred and significantly indicated by number of Fecal coliform that increased at day 30 and 40, those are 30 MPN/gand 300 MPN/g. The matured compost is not only seen from its microbial quality, but also temperature, volume reduction, odor, color, and texture stability. In general, the compost quality did not show significant difference between two and four days turning frequency. But, four days turning frequency is preffered for effectivity and keeping temperature high during composting."

"ABSTRAKIndustri pulp dan kertas merupakan industri dengan tingkat pencemaran yang tinggi terkait kuantitas limbah lumpur yang dihasilkan (0,1 m3/ton produk). Untuk stabilisasi limbah lumpur tersebut bersamaan dengan produksi biogas, metode yang dapat digunakan adalah metode digestasi anaerobik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti produksi biogas dari limbah lumpur kertas dengan pemeriksaan kandungan chemical oxygen demands (COD), padatan volatil, volatile fatty acid (VFA) selama proses digestasi anaerobik berlangsung dengan menggunakan dua reaktor anaerobik skala laboratorium dengan volume 15 L pada kondisi mesopilik (30°C). Reaktor pertama menggunakan lumpur kertas sebagai susbtrat tunggal sedangkan reaktor kedua menggunakan campuran kotoran sapi sebagai ko-substrat untuk mencapai nilai C/N yang optimum serta mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ko-susbtrat pada proses produksi biogas. Proses dilakukan pada kondisi batch dengan kandungan total padatan 20% untuk kedua reaktor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi produksi biogas dari proses digestasi anaerobik untuk lumpur kertas sebesar 31 ml biogas/ g VS selama 28 hari sedangkan campuran lumpur kertas dan kotoran sapi memperlihatkan hasil potensi produksi biogas 470 ml biogas/gVS selama 45 hari. Potensi gas metan dari limbah lumpur kertas sebesar 15 ml CH4/g VS dengan konsentrasi maksimum gas metan sebesar 58 % sedangkan untuk campuran limbah lumpur kertas dan kotoran sapi 380 ml CH4/g VS dengan konsentrasi gas metan maksimum sebesar 84% dan konsentrasi rata-rata gas metan selama proses adalah 50%. Konstanta hidrolisis proses digestasi anaerobik lumpur kertas dan campuran lumpur kotoran sapi adalah 0,18 dan 0,22.

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ABSTRACTPulp and paper industry is one of the most polluted in the world because the large quantities of paper sludge (0,1 m3/ton product). Anaerobic digestion process is a potential succesful treatment to stabilize sludge in and produce biogas to be renewable energy. The aims of this study were to investigate the biogas production dan digestate potential of paper sludge based on biogas production while monitoring chemical oxygen (COD),volatile solids, volatile fatty acid (VFA) of sludge digestion. In pilot-scale experiments, paper sludge decomposed under meshophilic condition (30C). Anaerobic digestion monitoring process conducted using 2 lab-scale reactor ( 15 L) under mesophilic digestion. Paper Sludgee was used to feed first reactor (R1) meanwhile second reactor (R2) contains paper sludge and cow manure. Pilot test were performed in batch conditions with 20% total solid content of the input material. pH meter and termometer were installed in reactor for daily monitoring and impeller (80rpm) for continuous mixing. The results shown biogas production by anaerobic digestion process of paper sludge and cow manure higher (470 ml biogas/ gVS) for 28 days than paper sludge as single substrate (31 ml biogas/g VS for 45 days). Methane potential from paper sludge attained to 15 ml CH4/g VS and 380 ml CH4/g VS with maximum concentration 58% and 84%, meanwhile average methane concentration for both substrates reached to 50%. Hydrolysis constants (khyd) were higher for paper sludge than for either of the mixing of paper sludge and cow manure : 0,18 > 0,03. "

"ABSTRAKLimbah yang dalam persepsi manusia dipandang sebagai barang yang harus disingkirkan karena mengandung logam berat yang dapat membahayakan makhluk hidup, ternyata dalam beberapa hal masih dapat digunakan kembali (reuse) atau didaur-ulang (recycle). Dalam hal pemanfaatan limbah tersebut, beberapa penelitian terdahulu memberikan gambaran bahwa lumpur limbah sebagai hasil akhir dari suatu proses pengolahan limbah, dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik pada tanaman. Potensi tersebut perlu dimanfaatkan mengingat kuantitas jumlah limbah sebagai hasil sampingan dari suatu produk industri berkorelasi positif dengan kuantitas jumlah produk yang dihasilkan.Di dalam upaya penanganan dan pengendalian limbah yang semakin lama semakin remit dan komplek, maka pemusatan industri dalam suatu lokasi dalam bentuk industrial estate, kawasan berikat, lahan peruntukan industri, perkampungan industri kecil, atau sentra industri merupakan langkah yang sangat strategis.Berkaitan dengan upaya tersebut, maka keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh adalah bahaya adanya pencemaran lingkungan dapat diminimalisasi dan proses daur ulang (recycle) limbah yang masih mungkin dimanfaatkan kembali (reuse) untuk keperluan lain dapat dilakukan dengan efisien .Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut di atas, maka percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pertumbuhan tanaman jagung yang diberi perlakuan pemupukan dengan lumpur limbah industri, menganalisis kandungan logam berat (Cr, Cd, Pb, dan Ni) yang diserap oleh tanaman selama fase pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif, dan menentukan tingkat dosis lumpur limbah industri sebagai pupuk organik yang optimal bagi tanaman. Percobaan ini dilakukan di rumah kaca (green house) dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 (lima) tingkatan dosis lumpur limbah industri ditambah kontrol (tanpa lumpur limbah industri), masing-masing ditambah tanah hingga mencapai total berat 5 kg. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 (tiga) kali sehingga total jumlah sampel 18 kantong (polybag). Adapun tanaman yang dicobakan adalah tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) varietas Pioner 5 (P5) yang peka terhadap pemupukan.Hipotesis yang diuji pada penelitian ini adalah:1. Penggunaan lumpur limbah industri sebagai pupuk pada tanaman berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung yang dicobakan.2. Pemupukan dengan lumpur limbah industri pada berbagai dosis akan memberikan respon yang berbeda terhadap semua parameter tumbuh fisiologis (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat kering batang, berat kering daun, dan berat kering tongkol buah jagung) yang diteliti. 3. Terdapat perbedaan kandungan logam berat yang diserap oleh bagian tanaman (batang, daun, dan tongkol buah) jagung terhadap lumpur limbah yang diaplikasikan sebagai pupuk.Adapun tingkat dosis campuran Lumpur limbah dan tanah yang digunakan adalah:· LO = 5.000 gr tanah tanpa lumpur limbah (kontrol).· L1 = 4.800 gr tanah + 200 gr lumpur limbah · L2 = 4.600 gr tanah + 400 gr lumpur limbah · L3 = 4.200 gr tanah + 800 gr lumpur limbah · L4 = 3.400 gr tanah + 1.600 gr lumpur lirnbah. · L5 =1.800 gr tanah +.3.200 gr lumpur limbah. Data basil percobaan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode statistik ANOVA (Analysis of Varians) dengan menggunakan SPSS for MS Window release 6.0 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Bela Nyata Terkecil (BNT) atau Least Significant Difference (LSD). Sedang lumpur limbah industri yang digunakan serta jaringan organ tanaman dianalisis di laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode titrasi dan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) untuk mengetahui kadar logam berat yang terlonggokBardasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan:1. Lumpur limbah PT. Kawasan Industri jababeka Cikarang dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk pada tanaman jagung. Hal itu dimungkinkan karena kandungan unsur hara mikro (Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, dan Co) dalam lumpur limbah industri itu cukup tinggi dan dapat diserap oleh tanaman untuk pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatifnya. Pemanfaatanlumpur limbah sebagai pupuk dapat menguntungkan secara fisiologis bagi tanaman. Di samping itu, juga dapat memberi keuntungan dan segi lingkungan di mana kemungkinan pencemaran tanah dan air akibat lumpur limbah industri dapat dikontrol dengan baik.2. Tanaman jagung yang dipupuk dengan lumpur limbah industri secara fisiologis menampakkan daun yang tegak dan keras. Batang tanaman kuat dan mempunyai ruas yang tinggi dan tegak. Kondisi seperti itu terjadi pada semua level dosis pemupukan yang dicobakan, kecuali pada tingkat dosis 3.200 gr lumpur limbah + 1.800 gr tanah (L5). Pada tingkat dosis dengan perlakuan LS, tanaman nampak kerdil dan kekar, ruas batang pendek-pendek sehingga daun berbentuk roset (bertumpuk-tumpuk). 3. Batas toleransi rnaksimal penggunaan lumpur limbah sebagai pupuk organik pada tanaman dari tingkat dosis yang dicobakan adalah 1.600 gr lumpur limbah dalam 3.400 gr tanah. Pemberian lumpur limbah melebihi dosis tersebut akan berpengaruh negatif pada tanaman. Pengaruh negatif yang ditimbulkan adalah tanaman menjadi kerdil dan sistem perakarannya jelek (akar tanaman pendek dan tidak memiliki bulu-bulu akar). 4. Dari hasil percobaan didapatkan tingkat dosis lumpur limbah yang optimal dan toleran untuk pertumbuhan tanaman adalah 400 gr lumpur limbah + 4.600 gr tanah (L2) dart 800 gr lumpur limbah + 4.200 gr tanah (L3). Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat kering batang dan berat kering daun yang nilai rata-ratanya relatif lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan lainnya. Selain itu, sistem perakaran tanaman sangat baik. 5. Dibandingkan dengan potensinya, jagung jenis Hibrida varietas Pioner 5 (P5) yang dipupuk dengan lumpur limbah, menghasilkan organ tanaman (batang, daun dan tongkol buah) yang masih jauh dari potensi hasilnya. Hal itu dikarenakan tingkat kesesuaian tanah (media) untuk pertanaman tergolong sedang dan unsur hara makro yang dibutuhkan tanaman relatif masih sangat minim dari kebutuhan yang seharusnya. Berdasarkan kesimpulan di atas, maka untuk aplikasi lumpur limbah agar mendapatkan hasil pertanaman Jagung yang optimal, sebaiknya media tumbuh diberi tambahan unsur NPK karena kandungan unsur NPK dalam lumpur limbah industri tergolong relatif kedl dibanding untuk kebutuhan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman.Akibat adanya komplikasi ekologis yang sering menyertai peningkatan basil produksi pertanian yang dipupuk dengan Sari Kering Limbah (SKL) industri, maka pada setiap dampak positif dari peningkatan produksi jangan pula dilupakan kemungkinan timbulnya hal-hal negatif. Oleh karena itu, pada setiap proyek pembangunan hendaknya perencanaan dan pengelolaan limbah hars dipikirkan sematang-matangnya.Agar keamanan dari penggunaan Lumpur limbah dari kemungldnan bahaya keracunan atau pelonggokan logam berat melalui rantai makana.n, maka disarankan agar aplikasi limbah sebagai pupuk dilakukan pada tanaman nonpangan.

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ABSTRACT

Man's perception on waste is that the material must be removed since it contains heavy metals that can endanger living creatures. However, it turned out that on several occasions it can be reused or recycled. In utilizing waste, several earlier studies showed that sludge as final product of waste processing could be used as organic fertilizer of plants. Such a potential need to be utilized considering the quantity of waste as a by product of an industrial product correlates positively with the quantity of product that is produced.

In an effort towards waste management and control which became increasingly difficult and complicated, hence, centralizing industry in one location in the form of industrial estate, bounded zone, area allocation for industry, small scale industry settlements or industrial centres constitute a very strategical step.

The benefits obtained related to such efforts include minimalization of environmental pollution and recycling of wastes that can still be utilized or reused for other purposes, can still be carried out efficiently.

This experiment then, has as objectives, to observe the growth of maize fertilized by industrial waste sludge, to analyze the heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni) contents absorbed by the plants during the vegetative and generative phases of growth and to decide the dosage of industrial waste sludge as optimal organic fertilizer for plants.

This experiment was carried out in a green house by using the Complete Random Design with 5 (five) different dosages of industrial waste sludge and additional control (without industrial waste sludge)_ Each specimen received additional soil so that a total weight of 5 kg. was achieved. Each were repeated 3 (three) times so that the total number of samples were 18 polybags. The plant used in the experiment is maize of the Pioner 5 (P5) variety that is sensitive towards fertilizers.

The hypothesis tested in this study were:

1. That industrial waste sludge has the chemical elements' composition that can be used as fertilizer to support the growth of plants. Has the waste sludge positive influence on the growth of maize?

2. Different dosages of industrial waste sludge resulted in different responses towards all parameters of physiological growth (height, total number of leaves, dry stem and leaves weigth, and dry corn stalk) under study.

3. The heavy metals' content that were absorbed by the different parts of the plant (stem, leaves, corn stalk) differ towards the waste sludge applied.

The dosages of waste sludge and soil mixtures used were as follows:

L0 = 5.000 gr soil without waste sludge(control)

L1 = 4.800 gr soil + 200 gr waste sludge

L2 = 4.600 gr soil + 400 gr waste sludge.

L3 = 4.200 gr soil + 800 gr waste sludge

L4 = 3.400 gr soil +1 .600 gr waste sludge.

L5 = 1.800 gr soil + 3.200 gr waste sludge.

Data of the experiment was analysed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with SFSS for MS Window release 6.0. It was then tested by the Least Significant Difference (LSD). Whereas the industrial waste sludge and plant organs' tissue were analized at the laboratory by using the titration method and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) to know the heavy metal concentration.

Based on the study results, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The Cikarang Jababeka industry Zone PT. waste sludge can be used as fertilizer on maize plants. Such was made possible because the fertilizer micro elements' content (Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co) of the industrial waste sludge is sufficiently complete and can be absorbed by the plants for vegetative and generative growths. However, the maximal limit of the dosage level experimented on was 1.600 gr of waste sludge in 3.400 gr soil. The provision of waste sludge exceeding the said dosage will negatively influence the plants. The negative influence took the form of bad roots' system and stunted growth.

2. Maize plants fertilized by industrial waste sludge showed physiologically hard and upright leaves, strong stems with high and upright nodes. Such condition took place for all levels of dosages experimented on, except at 3.200 gr dosage of waste sludge + 1.800 gr of soil (L5). At this dosage level, the plant dwarfs rigidly, the nodes were short so that the leaves took the form of rosettes.

3. The experimental results showed that the optimal and tolerant dosage levels were 400 gr of waste sludge + 4.600 gr of soil (L2) and 800 gr of waste sludge + 4.200 gr of soil (L3). In these cases, the height of the plant, the number of leaves and dry weights of stems and leaves have an average higher value compared with other dosage levels. In addition, the root system was also very good

4. Concentration of heavy metals in the waste sludge of waste processing result of Jababeka Industrial Zone FL is high enough. But if it is compared with the turn of heavy metals in compost fertilizer which is based on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard, the contens of heavy metal Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni axe still below the allowed tolerancy limit.

5. Compared to its potential, Hibrid maize of Pioneer variety (P5) fertilized by waste sludge, produced plant organs (stem, leaves and corn stalk) which are far from its potential. Such was caused by the level of media suitability for plants of intermediate group and macro fertilizer elements needed by the plants are still relatively very minimal than what is really needed.

Based on the above conclusions, therefore, to apply waste sludge in order to obtain optimal maize plants' production, the media should be given additional NPK elements. This is due to the minimal NPK contents in industrial waste sludge compared to the needs for growth and production of the plants in question.

For ecological complication often accompanies the increase of agriculture production result which is fertilized with industrial Waste Dry Essence, so do not forget the possibility of appearance of negative effects in every positive impact of production increase. Because of that in every development project the planning and processing of waste should be thought very seriously and widely.

For safety reasons and the possibility of poisioning or accumulation of heavy metals in the food chain, it is recommended that the application of waste sludge as fertilizer is carried out in non-food plants.;The Impact Of Industrial Waste Sludge Aplication As Fertilizer On PlantMan's perception on waste is that the material must be removed since it contains heavy metals that can endanger living creatures. However, it turned out that on several occasions it can be reused or recycled. In utilizing waste, several earlier studies showed that sludge as final product of waste processing could be used as organic fertilizer of plants. Such a potential need to be utilized considering the quantity of waste as a by product of an industrial product correlates positively with the quantity of product that is produced.

In an effort towards waste management and control which became increasingly difficult and complicated, hence, centralizing industry in one location in the form of industrial estate, bounded zone, area allocation for industry, small scale industry settlements or industrial centres constitute a very strategical step.

The benefits obtained related to such efforts include minimalization of environmental pollution and recycling of wastes that can still be utilized or reused for other purposes, can still be carried out efficiently.

This experiment then, has as objectives, to observe the growth of maize fertilized by industrial waste sludge, to analyze the heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni) contents absorbed by the plants during the vegetative and generative phases of growth and to decide the dosage of industrial waste sludge as optimal organic fertilizer for plants.

This experiment was carried out in a green house by using the Complete Random Design with 5 (five) different dosages of industrial waste sludge and additional control (without industrial waste sludge)_ Each specimen received additional soil so that a total weight of 5 kg. was achieved. Each were repeated 3 (three) times so that the total number of samples were 18 polybags. The plant used in the experiment is maize of the Pioner 5 (P5) variety that is sensitive towards fertilizers.

The hypothesis tested in this study were:

1. That industrial waste sludge has the chemical elements' composition that can be used as fertilizer to support the growth of plants. Has the waste sludge positive influence on the growth of maize?

2. Different dosages of industrial waste sludge resulted in different responses towards all parameters of physiological growth (height, total number of leaves, dry stem and leaves weigth, and dry corn stalk) under study.

3. The heavy metals' content that were absorbed by the different parts of the plant (stem, leaves, corn stalk) differ towards the waste sludge applied.

The dosages of waste sludge and soil mixtures used were as follows:

L0 = 5.000 gr soil without waste sludge(control)

L1 = 4.800 gr soil + 200 gr waste sludge.

L2 = 4.600 gr soil + 400 gr waste sludge.

L3 = 4.200 gr soil + 800 gr waste sludge

L4 = 3.400 gr soil +1 .600 gr waste sludge.

L5 = 1.800 gr soil + 3.200 gr waste sludge.

Data of the experiment was analysed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with SFSS for MS Window release 6.0. It was then tested by the Least Significant Difference (LSD). Whereas the industrial waste sludge and plant organs' tissue were analized at the laboratory by using the titration method and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) to know the heavy metal concentration.

Based on the study results, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The Cikarang Jababeka industry Zone PT. waste sludge can be used as fertilizer on maize plants. Such was made possible because the fertilizer micro elements' content (Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co) of the industrial waste sludge is sufficiently complete and can be absorbed by the plants for vegetative and generative growths. However, the maximal limit of the dosage level experimented on was 1.600 gr of waste sludge in 3.400 gr soil. The provision of waste sludge exceeding the said dosage will negatively influence the plants. The negative influence took the form of bad roots' system and stunted growth.

2. Maize plants fertilized by industrial waste sludge showed physiologically hard and upright leaves, strong stems with high and upright nodes. Such condition took place for all levels of dosages experimented on, except at 3.200 gr dosage of waste sludge + 1.800 gr of soil (L5). At this dosage level, the plant dwarfs rigidly, the nodes were short so that the leaves took the form of rosettes.

3. The experimental results showed that the optimal and tolerant dosage levels were 400 gr of waste sludge + 4.600 gr of soil (L2) and 800 gr of waste sludge + 4.200 gr of soil (L3). In these cases, the height of the plant, the number of leaves and dry weights of stems and leaves have an average higher value compared with other dosage levels. In addition, the root system was also very good.

4. Concentration of heavy metals in the waste sludge of waste processing result of Jababeka Industrial Zone FL is high enough. But if it is compared with the turn of heavy metals in compost fertilizer which is based on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard, the contens of heavy metal Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni axe still below the allowed tolerancy limit.

5. Compared to its potential, Hibrid maize of Pioneer variety (P5) fertilized by waste sludge, produced plant organs (stem, leaves and corn stalk) which are far from its potential. Such was caused by the level of media suitability for plants of intermediate group and macro fertilizer elements needed by the plants are still relatively very minimal than what is really needed.

Based on the above conclusions, therefore, to apply waste sludge in order to obtain optimal maize plants' production, the media should be given additional NPK elements. This is due to the minimal NPK contents in industrial waste sludge compared to the needs for growth and production of the plants in question.

For ecological complication often accompanies the increase of agriculture production result which is fertilized with industrial Waste Dry Essence, so do not forget the possibility of appearance of negative effects in every positive impact of production increase. Because of that in every development project the planning and processing of waste should be thought very seriously and widely.

For safety reasons and the possibility of poisioning or accumulation of heavy metals in the food chain, it is recommended that the application of waste sludge as fertilizer is carried out in non-food plants."

"[ABSTRAKLimbah lumpur yang dihasilkan dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Domestik dapat dimanfaatkan melalui pengomposan karena mengandung kandungan organik yang tinggi. Namun, kandungan logam berat pada limbah lumpur dapat menjadi penyebab utama timbulnya dampak negatif pada lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan parameter fisik-kimia, konsentrasi dan spesiasi kimia logam Cu dan Pb pada dua campuran kompos sebagai penilaian kelayakan kedua kompos untuk digunakan sebagai pupu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter suhu, pH, dan rasio C/N pada kedua kompos telah memenuhi kualitas kompos sesuai SNI 19-7030-2004. Konsentrasi logam Cu pada kompos 1 dan kompos 2 berturut-turut adalah 150 mg/kg dan 237 mg/kg, sedangkan konsentrasi logam Pb sebesar 224 mg/kg dan 183 mg/kg. Besar konsentrasi kedua logam pada kedua kompos menghasilkan faktor resiko ekologi yang masuk ke dalam kategori resiko rendah (Er < 40). Selain itu, proses pengomposan pada penelitian ini telah mengurangi efek toksisitas kedua logam. Pada akhir pengomposan, fraksi logam Cu pada kedua kompos dominan pada fraksi organic bound yaitu sebesar 63,50% untuk kompos 1 dan 56,20% untuk kompos 2. Sedangkan logam Pb dominan pada fraksi residual yaitu sebesar 62,10% pada kompos 1 dan 71,50% pada kompos 2. Kedua fraksi ini merupakan fraksi stabil sehingga keberadaan logam Cu dan Pb tidak memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan jika kedua kompos diaplikasikan ke tanah.

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ABSTRACTSewage sludge generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be reused by composting because it contains a high organic content. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be a major cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the physical-chemical parameters, concentration and chemical speciation of Cu and Pb in two compost mixtures as an assessment of the feasibility of both composts to be used as fertilizer. The result showed that the parameters of temperature, pH, and C/N ratio in both compost met the standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Concentration of Cu in compost 1 and compost 2 were 150 mg/kg and 237 mg/kg respectively, while the concentration of Pb were 224 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of both metals in two composts resulted Ecological Risk factor (Er) that go into a low risk category (Er < 40). In addition, the composting process in this study reduced the toxicity effect of two metals. At the end of composting, fractions of Cu in two composts were dominant in organic bound fraction in amount of 63.50% for compost 1 and 56.20% for compost 2. While Pb were dominant in the residual fraction that is equal to 62.10% for compost 1 and 71.50% for compost 2. These fractions are the stable fracion so that the existence of Cu and Pb in two compost do not give negative impact to the environment if two composts will be applied to soil.;Sewage sludge generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be reused by composting because it contains a high organic content. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be a major cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the physical-chemical parameters, concentration and chemical speciation of Cu and Pb in two compost mixtures as an assessment of the feasibility of both composts to be used as fertilizer. The result showed that the parameters of temperature, pH, and C/N ratio in both compost met the standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Concentration of Cu in compost 1 and compost 2 were 150 mg/kg and 237 mg/kg respectively, while the concentration of Pb were 224 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of both metals in two composts resulted Ecological Risk factor (Er) that go into a low risk category (Er < 40). In addition, the composting process in this study reduced the toxicity effect of two metals. At the end of composting, fractions of Cu in two composts were dominant in organic bound fraction in amount of 63.50% for compost 1 and 56.20% for compost 2. While Pb were dominant in the residual fraction that is equal to 62.10% for compost 1 and 71.50% for compost 2. These fractions are the stable fracion so that the existence of Cu and Pb in two compost do not give negative impact to the environment if two composts will be applied to soil., Sewage sludge generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be reused by composting because it contains a high organic content. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be a major cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the physical-chemical parameters, concentration and chemical speciation of Cu and Pb in two compost mixtures as an assessment of the feasibility of both composts to be used as fertilizer. The result showed that the parameters of temperature, pH, and C/N ratio in both compost met the standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Concentration of Cu in compost 1 and compost 2 were 150 mg/kg and 237 mg/kg respectively, while the concentration of Pb were 224 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of both metals in two composts resulted Ecological Risk factor (Er) that go into a low risk category (Er < 40). In addition, the composting process in this study reduced the toxicity effect of two metals. At the end of composting, fractions of Cu in two composts were dominant in organic bound fraction in amount of 63.50% for compost 1 and 56.20% for compost 2. While Pb were dominant in the residual fraction that is equal to 62.10% for compost 1 and 71.50% for compost 2. These fractions are the stable fracion so that the existence of Cu and Pb in two compost do not give negative impact to the environment if two composts will be applied to soil.]"