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"Pendahuluan: Hubungan antara penyakit periodontal dan COVID-19 sudah banyak diteliti mengenai kemungkinan pengaruh buruknya terhadapkebersihan mulut dan dampaknya terhadap risiko infeksi COVID-19, serta tingkat keparahannya. Vaksinasi COVID-19 bekerja dengan cara mengaktifkan sistem kekebalan tubuh untuk mengidentifikasi dan melindungi dari SARS-CoV-2. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memahami lebih dalam dampak vaksinasi COVID-19 terhadap kesehatan periodontal, terutama pada individu dengan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Memperoleh perbedaan ekspresi sitokin Interleukin-6, ACE2, dan IgG antara periodontal sehat, gingivitis dan periodontitis kurang dan lebih dari 6 bulan pasca vaksinasi COVID-19. Metode: Subjek periodontal sehat, gingivitis dan periodontitis terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok penelitian. Pemeriksaan meliputi pengambilan cairan sulkus gingiva. Pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk Interleukin-6, ACE2 dan IgG diukur dengan menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi sitokin Interleukin-6, ACE2, dan IgG efek vaksinasi COVID-19 antara periodontal sehat, gingivitis dan periodontitis kurang dan lebih dari enam bulan pasca vaksinasi COVID-19 Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan buktiadanya kadar mediatorInterleukin-6, ACE2, dan IgG tidak ditemukan bukti adanya perubahan yang jelas pada periodontal sehat, gingivitis atau periodontitis, baik yang divaksinasi kurang dari 6 bulan ataupun lebih dari 6 bulan setelah menerima vaksin COVID-19

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Introduction : The relationship between periodontal disease and COVID-19 has been widely studied regarding the possible influence of poor oral hygiene and its impact on the risk of COVID-19 infection and its severity. COVID-19 vaccination works by activating the immune system to identify and protect against SARS-CoV-2. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on periodontal health, especially in individuals with periodontal disease. Objective: To analyze the differences in IL-6, ACE2, and IgG cytokine expression between patients with periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis less and more than 6 months after COVID-19 vaccination.. Methods: Periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis subjects were divided into 2 study groups. The examination included gingival sulcus fluid collection. Laboratory examinations for IL-6, ACE2 and IgG were measured using the ELISA method. Result: There is no difference in the expression of cytokines IL-6, ACE2, and IgG after COVID-19 vaccination between patients with periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis less and more than 6 months after COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion: This study showed that there was no clear evidence of changes in the levels of IL-6, ACE2, and IgG mediators in patients with periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis, whether vaccinated less than 6 months or more than 6 months after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine."

"Hipertensi merupakan penyakit penyerta yang paling umum ada pada penderita COVID-19. Faktor risiko seperti genetik, sosiodemografi, dan kondisi klinis awal diduga dapat memengaruhi kerentanan individu terhadap hipertensi dan COVID-19. Salah satu gen yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi adalah gen ACE. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji variasi genetik gen ACE dalam hubungannya dengan risiko kerentanan dan penanganan penyakit hipertensi dan COVID-19 menggunakan model populasi Palu-Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Data faktor non-genetik diperoleh dari rekam medis dan kuesioner. Identifikasi variasi genetik dilakukan pada 4 lokasi pada gen ACE, yaitu rs1799752 (I/D) dengan metode PCR, dan rs4331 (A/G), rs4341 (G/C), dan rs4343 (G/A) dengan rhAmp SNP genotyping. Data faktor genetik dan non-genetik kemudian disusun menjadi model instrumen translasional. Studi melibatkan 136 subjek, dan analisis variasi genetik menunjukkan genotipe dominan untuk rs1799752 adalah II (50%), rs4331 adalah GG (51%), rs4341 adalah GG (100%), dan rs4343 adalah AA (65%). Varian alel D rs1799752, alel A rs4331, dan alel G rs4343 menunjukkan hubungan dengan kerentanan terhadap hipertensi, COVID-19, dan keparahan COVID-19. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin, usia, riwayat hipertensi, LDL, asam urat, glukosa darah, dan variasi genetik gen ACE adalah prediktor dalam menilai tingkat risiko hipertensi. Sementara itu, jenis kelamin, trigliserida, HDL, komorbiditas hipertensi, dan variasi genetik gen ACE adalah prediktor dalam menilai risiko terhadap kejadian COVID-19, sementara komorbiditas hipertensi, IMT, asam urat, dan variasi genetik gen ACE adalah prediktor dalam menilai risiko keparahan COVID-19. Asesmen prediksi instrumen translasional menunjukkan bahwa 31% dari kelompok hipertensi berisiko tinggi terhadap kejadian COVID-19 dan 46% memiliki berisiko sangat tinggi untuk mengalami keparahan yang lebih tinggi. Asesmen prediksi instrumen translasional hipertensi menunjukkan bahwa 22% subjek memiliki risiko sangat tinggi dan 23% diantaranya memerlukan penyesuaian pola terapi. Variasi gen ACE rs4331, rs1799752, dan rs4343, bersama dengan faktor risiko non-genetik, dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor untuk kejadian hipertensi, COVID-19, dan keparahan COVID-19. Variasi gen dan faktor non-genetik ini dapat dikembangkan menjadi model pengobatan presisi untuk mengevaluasi tingkat risiko dan penanganan individu terhadap hipertensi, COVID-19, dan keparahan COVID-19 di kalangan populasi Palu-Sulawesi Tengah secara translasional.

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Hypertension is the most common comorbidity in COVID-19 sufferers. Risk factors such as genetics, sociodemographics, and initial clinical conditions are thought to influence an individual's susceptibility to hypertension and COVID-19. One of the genes associated with hypertension is the ACE gene. This study examines the ACE gene's genetic variation in summary with the risk of developing hypertension and COVID-19 using the Palu-Central Sulawesi population model. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data on non-genetic factors were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Identification of genetic variations was carried out at 4 locations in the ACE gene, namely rs1799752 (I/D) using the PCR method, rs4331 (A/G), rs4341 (G/C), and rs4343 (G/A) using rhAmp SNP genotyping. Data on genetic and non-genetic factors are then compiled into a translational instrument model. The study involved 136 subjects, and analysis of genetic variations showed that the dominant genotype for rs1799752 was II (50%), rs4331 was GG (51%), rs4341 was GG (100%), and rs4343 was AA (65%). The variant D allele rs1799753, A allele rs4331, and G allele rs4343 showed an association with susceptibility to hypertension, COVID-19, and severity of COVID-19. Regression analysis showed that gender, age, history of hypertension, LDL, uric acid, blood glucose, and genetic variations of the ACE gene were predictors in assessing the level of hypertension risk. Meanwhile, gender, triglycerides, HDL, comorbid hypertension, and genetic variations of the ACE gene are predictors in determining the risk of COVID-19. In contrast, comorbid hypertension, BMI, uric acid, and genetic variations of the ACE gene are predictors in assessing the risk of COVID-19 severity. -19. The translational instrument prediction assessment showed that 31% of the hypertension group were at high risk of experiencing COVID-19, and 46% were at very high risk of experiencing higher severity. The translational instrument prediction assessment for hypertension showed that 22% of subjects had a very high risk, and 23% of them required adjustment of therapy patterns. ACE gene variations rs4331, rs1799752, and rs4343, together with non-genetic risk factors, can be used as predictors for the incidence of hypertension, COVID-19, and severity of COVID-19. These gene variations and non-genetic factors can be developed into a precision medicine model to evaluate the risk level and individual treatment of hypertension, COVID-19, and the severity of COVID-19 among the Palu-Central Sulawesi population in a translational."

"Cytokine storm in COVID-19 infection is an excessive immune response to external stimuli where the pathogenesis is complex. The disease progresses rapidly and the mortality is high. Certain evidence shows that the severe deterioration of some patients has been closely related to the strong upregulation of cytokine production in SARS-Co-V2 induced pneumonia with an associated cytokine storm syndrome. Identification of existing approaved therapy with proven safety profile to treat hyperinflammation is critical unmet need in order to reduce COVID-19 associated mortality. To date, no specific therapeutic drugs are available to treat COVID-19 infection. Preliminary studies have shown that immune-modulatory or immune suppressive treatments might be considered as treatment choices for COVID-19, particularly in severe disease. This article review the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of COVID-19 virus-induced inflammatory storm in attempt to provide valuable medication guidance for clinical treatment."

"Penyebaran COVID-19 yang begitu cepat perlu adanya pencegahan dan pengendalian COVID-19 salah satunya yaitu dengan vaksinasi. Program vaksinasi COVID-19 telah dilakukan di Indonesia, namun dalam pelaksanaannya masih banyak masyarakat yang ragu-ragu bahkan menolak untuk melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu cross sectional  dengan sampel 111 masyarakat di Desa Sinomwidodo, Kecamatan Tambakromo, Kabupaten Pati, Jawa Tengah. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner pengetahuan dan sikap dari kuesioner penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Al-Marshoudi et al (2021), Kumari et al (2021), dan Mohamed et al (2021), kemudian dimodifikasi lagi oleh peneliti dengan menambahkan pertanyaan berdasarkan tinjauan pustaka. Hasil uji validitas kueisoner pengetahuan di dapatkan nilai r berada pada rentang 0,376 – 0,886 > r tabel (0,361) dan memiliki nilai cronbach’s alpha sebesar 0,894. Hasil uji validitas kueisoner sikap di dapatkan nilai r berada pada rentang 0,831 – 0,886 > r tabel (0,361) dan memiliki nilai cronbach’s alpha sebesar 0,928. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19 (p = 0,001; α = 0,05). Semakin baik pengetahuan mengenai vaksinasi COVID-19, maka semakin baik juga sikap penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19. Peneliti merekomendasikan agar pemerintah dan pihak terkait dapat memberikan pemerataan edukasi mengenai pentingnya vaksinasi COVID-19. Penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai faktor penghambat dan pendukung penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19.

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The rapid spread of COVID-19 requires prevention and control of COVID-19, one of which is vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccination program has been carried out in Indonesia, but in its implementation there are still many people who are hesitant and even refuse to vaccinate against COVID-19. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. The research design used was cross sectional with a sample of 111 people in Sinomwidodo Village, Tambakromo District, Pati Regency, Central Java. The instrument used is the knowledge and attitude questionnaire from the research questionnaire conducted by Al-Marshoudi et al (2021), Kumari et al (2021), and Mohamed et al (2021), then modified again by the researcher by adding questions based on the literature review. The results of the validity test of the knowledge questionnaire obtained that the r value was in the range of 0.376 – 0.886 > r table (0.361) and had a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.894. The results of the attitude questionnaire validity test obtained that the r value was in the range of 0.831 – 0.886 > r table (0.361) and had a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.928. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination (p = 0.001; = 0.05). The better the knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccination, the better the attitude towards receiving the COVID-19 vaccination will be. The researcher recommends that the government and related parties can provide equal distribution of education regarding the importance of COVID-19 vaccination. Further research is recommended to conduct research on the inhibiting and supporting factors for receiving COVID-19 vaccination."

"Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 terjadi di seluruh Dunia. Semua sektor terkena imbas dari hal tersebut, termasuk tenaga kesehatan. Terjadi peningkatan resiko gangguan kesehatan fisik dan mental dari Tenaga Kesehatan saat Pandemi salah satu nya Burnout. Vaksinasi adalah salah satu usaha dalam memberikan imunitas kelompok pada masyarakat. Kabupaten Subang merupakan salah satu daerah yang menerapkan percepatan dari vaksinasi pada masyarakat, hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan kebutuhan akan tenaga kerja yang menjadi anggota Tim Vaksinasi COVID-19 sehingga berpotensi mengakibatkan terjadinya kejadian Burnout pada anggota Tim Vaksinasi.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan Burnout pada Tim Vaksinasi COVID-19 Kab.Subang 2020 -2022Metode: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Mei – Juli 2022 di seluruh puskesmas Kabupaten Subang dengan pembagian kuesioner via online google form. Metode sampling menggunakan simple random sampling. Jumlah sampling dihitung mengunakan metode Slovin dengan hasil 131 orang yang terdiri atas Tim Vaksinasi COVID-19 Kabupaten Subang. Variabel yang digunakan adalah demografi (umur, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, dan status pendidikan) faktor pekerjaan (jarak antara rumah ke tempat kerja, lama kerja, dan tugas dalam Tim Vaksinasi), beban kerja mental, dan lokus kendali kerja. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis hubungan dengan chi square (Bivariat) dan analisis faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan regresi logistik (Multivariat)Hasil dan diskusi: Hasil dari penelitian ini 44 (33,3%) orang dari Tim Vaksinasi mengalami Burnout. Pada penelitian ini tidak ada faktor demografis yang memiliki hubungan dengan Burnout (nilai p > 0.05). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Burnout yaitu faktor masa kerja (nilai p = 0.022), faktor lokus kendali kerja (nilai p = 0.022), dan faktor beban kerja mental (nilai p = 0.009). Pada uji multivariat ditemukan faktor yang saling berhubungan adalah lokus kendali kerja(aOR =2,9) dibandingkan dengan faktor lain nya.Kesimpulan: Faktor masa kerja, lokus kendali kerja dan beban kerja mental memiliki hubungan dengan Burnout. Faktor lokus kendali kerja merupakan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan terhadap terjadinya Burnout pada Tim Vaksinasi COVID- 19 Kabupaten Subang.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was happening worldwide. All sectors were impacted because of this pandemic, including health workers. The physical and mental health risks increased during this pandemic, including burnout. Vaccination was one of many methods for giving humans immunity against the disease. Because of that, Subang was one of many districts with a government policy for accelerating vaccinations. These policies may impact vaccination teams because high demand for the group can increase the potential for burnout.

Aim: This study is conducted to detect what factors are associated with burnout in the vaccination team in the Subang district.

Methods: The research was conducted in May – July 2022 in the public health care Subang district. The sampling method uses simple random sampling of vaccination team members, about 131 people. The variable factors in this research are characteristic sample (age, sex, marital status, education status), Work Factor (commuting distance, work periods, and job in vaccination team), mental workload, and work locus of control. This analysis will be conducted with the chi-square method for correlation in bivariate and logistic regression for correlation in multivariate.

Result and Discussions: in this research there are 44(33,3%) people of team members who have Burnout. No demographic factors have correlation with Burnout (p value > 0.05). There is correlation between work periods(p value = 0.022), mental workload (p value = 0.009 ) and work locus of control (p value = 0.022) to Burnout. In multivariate factors, this research found work locus of control (p Value = 0.012) have dominant correlation with Burnout (aOR= 2,9).

Conclusion: Work periods, mental workload, and work locus of control factor correlate with Burnout. Work locus of control is the most dominant factor correlates with a burnout in the vaccination team in the Subang district."

"Penyakit periodontal, termasuk gingivitis dan periodontitis, merupakan penyakit yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi. Pandemi COVID-19 mempersulit pasien untuk mendapatkan perawatan periodontal, sedangkan kebutuhan akan perawatan terus meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas mobile application periodontal, yakni suatu inovasi dan solusi untuk permasalahan tersebut, dengan cara membandingkan parameter inflamasi klinis dan psikomotor penderita gingivitis maupun periodontitis, antara kelompok yang diberikan intervensi mobile application dan kelompok yang tidak diberikan intervensi setelah satu dan tiga bulan penggunaan. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 40 orang yang terbagi secara acak dan merata pada kelompok uji dan kelompok kontrol. Parameter inflamasi klinis yang diperiksa ialah bleeding on probing (BoP) dan probing pocket depth (PPD). Peneliti menganalisis hasil perbandingan rerata nilai BoP, PPD, dan psikomotor antar kelompok uji dan kontrol serta dalam masing-masing kelompok uji dan kontrol setelah satu dan tiga bulan penggunaan. Hasil analisis antar kelompok menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna secara statistik rerata nilai BoP, PPD, dan psikomotor, kecuali parameter PPD pada penderita periodontitis. Hasil analisis dalam kelompok menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada seluruh parameter pada kelompok uji, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan rerata nilai psikomotor yang bermakna. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa perawatan periodontal berbasis mobile application dinilai efektif khususnya dalam pandemi COVID-19.

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Periodontal disease, including gingivitis and periodontitis, is a highly prevalent disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it challenging for patients to receive periodontal therapy, despite the demand for treatment is still increasing. This study aims to evaluate the effectivity of periodontal mobile application, which is an innovation and solution for this problematic situation, by comparing clinical parameters of inflammation and psychomotor scores in gingivitis and periodontitis patients, between the group that was given the mobile application and the group that was not given the intervention after 1 and 3 months of use. Forty subjects were randomly and evenly distributed into the test and control group. The clinical inflammation parameters examined were bleeding on probing (BoP) and probing pocket depth (PPD). The author analyzed the comparison results of the mean values of BoP, PPD, and psychomotor between the groups (inter-group) and within the groups (intra-group) after one and three months of use. The results of the inter-group analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the mean values of BoP, PPD, and psychomotor, except for PPD parameter in patients with periodontitis. The results of the intra-group showed that there were statistically significant differences in all parameters in the test group, while in the control group, there was no significant differences in the mean of psychomotor scores. This study shows that mobile application-based periodontal treatment is considered effective especially in COVID-19 pandemic."

"Latar Belakang: COVID-19 menyebabkan penyakit kritis dan kematian dengan manifestasi utama sindrom pernafasan akut. Prediktor kematian pada kasus COVID-19, seperti IL-6 berperan dalam mengatur respon imun dan inflamasi. Pada kasus berat, peningkatan IL-6 dapat menyebabkan sepsis dan kegagalan multi-organ. CRP juga berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peradangan. Keparahan derajat COVID-19 dipengaruhi oleh komorbiditas seperti penyakit kardiovaskular, diabetes melitus tipe II, dan hipertensi. Tocilizumab, penghambat reseptor IL-6 merupakan terapi baru untuk pasien COVID-19 berat dan kritis. Penelitian ini menilai mortalitas pasien COVID-19 berat yang diberikan dan tidak diberikan terapi tocilizumab setelah dikontrol oleh variabel perancu. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh terapi tocilizumab terhadap kematian pada pasien COVID-19 berat. Metode: Desain penelitian kohort retrospektif, menggunakan data rekam medis pasien COVID-19 di ICU RSCM selama dua tahun. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Total 80 subjek, 52 pasien meninggal dan 28 pasien hidup. Mayoritas pasien memiliki CRP tinggi, IL-6 meningkat, serta tidak memiliki komorbid hipertensi, diabetes mellitus tipe II, dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian terapi tocilizumab dan kematian, serta tidak terdapat perancu dalam penelitian ini. Kesimpulan: Pemberian terapi tocilizumab tidak memperbaiki kejadian mortalitas pada pasien COVID-19 berat.

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Background: COVID-19 causes critical illness and death with the main manifestation of acute respiratory syndrome. Predictors of death in COVID-19 cases, such as IL-6, play a role in regulating the immune response and inflammation. In severe cases, increased IL-6 can cause sepsis and multi-organ failure. CRP also contributes significantly to inflammation. The severity of COVID-19 is influenced by comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor inhibitor, is a new therapy for severe and critical COVID-19 patients. This study assessed the mortality of severe COVID-19 patients who were and were not given tocilizumab therapy after controlling for confounding variables. Objective: To analyze the effect of tocilizumab therapy on mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. Methods: Retrospective cohort study design, using medical record data of COVID-19 patients in the ICU RSCM for two years. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: A total of 80 subjects, 52 patients died and 28 patients survived. The majority of patients had high CRP, increased IL-6, and did not have comorbid hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between tocilizumab therapy and mortality, and there were no confounders in this study. Conclusion: Administration of tocilizumab therapy does not reducing mortality rates in severe COVID-19 patients."

"Data per tanggal 1 Oktober 2021 pukul 18.00 WIB, sebanyak 62.441 (25,40%) remaja di kota Bekasi sudah mendapatkan vaksin dosis pertama dan sebanyak 56.090 (22,81%) remaja di kota Bekasi sudah mendapatkan vaksin dosis kedua (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2021f). Masih rendahnya pemanfaatan pelayanan vaksinasi pada remaja dan dibukanya sekolah dapat mengakibatkan remaja menjadi agen penularan potensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan vaksinasi COVID-19 pada remaja berumur 12-17 tahun di Kota Bekasi. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner online. Besar sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 520 responden. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis chi square dengan level kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 92,9% remaja berumur 12-17 tahun sudah divaksinasi dan 7,1% remaja berumur 12-17 tahun belum/tidak divaksinasi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara norma sosial (p value = 0,006), teknologi (p value < 0,001), aksesibilitas geografis (p value <0,001), ketersediaan pelayanan vaksinasi COVID-19 (p value = 0,006), pelayanan tenaga kesehatan (p value = 0,006), pendidikan (p value < 0,001), persepsi (p value = 0,011), dan self efficacy (p value = 0,001). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin (p value = 0,860), pengetahuan (p value = 0,231), dan cues to action (p value = 0,109). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perlu mensosialisasikan informasi terkini terkait COVID-19 dan vaksin COVID-19 dengan menggunakan internet dan media sosial, menggencarkan layanan vaksinasi door to door, menggunakan layanan telemedicine untuk berkonsultasi dengan dokter jika orang tua masih merasa ragu untuk divaksinasi COVID-19, dan melakukan pelatihan kepada vaksinator.

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COVID-19 vaccination program for adolescents aged 12-17 years began on July 1, 2021. Data as of October 1, 2021 at 06.00 PM, as many as 62.441 (25,4%) adolescents in Bekasi City have received the first dose of vaccine and as many as 56,090 (22.81%) adolescents in the city of Bekasi have received the second dose of vaccine (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2021f). Low utilization of COVID-19 vaccination service for adolescents and opening of schools can result adolescents becoming potential agents of transmission. This study aims to determine the factors that affecting utilization of COVID-19 vaccination services in adolescents aged 12-17 years in Bekasi City. Study design used in this study was cross sectional using an online questionnaire. The sample size in in this study was 520 respondents. The analysis used is chi square analysis with 95% confidence interval. The results showed that 92.9% of adolescents aged 12-17 years had been vaccinated and 7.1% of adolescents aged 12-17 years had not/not vaccinated. There is a significant relationship between social norms (p value = 0.006), technology (p value < 0.001), geographic accessibility (p value < 0.001), availability of COVID-19 vaccination services (p value = 0.006), health care services (p value = 0.006), education (p value = 0.000), perception (p value = 0.011), and self-efficacy (p value = 0.001). There is no significant relationship between gender (p value = 0.860), knowledge (p value = 0.231), and cues to action (p value = 0.109). Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to disseminate the latest information related to COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccine by utilizing the internet and social media, intensify door-to-door vaccination services, use telemedicine services to consult with doctors if parents still have doubts about being vaccinated against COVID-19, and training for vaccinators."

"Covid-19 berdampak pada berbagai aspek sehingga perlu upaya pengendalian. Selain melakukan protokol kesehatan maka perlu vaksinasi. Cakupan vaksinasi covid-19 dosis ketiga di Indonesia masih rendah sebesar 37,99%. Cakupan Provinsi Lampung masih rendah sebesar 28,58%. Provinsi Lampung juga berisiko tinggi apabila dilihat dari angka CFR covid-19 sebesar 5,59%. Berbagai strategi dilakukan untuk upaya percepatan vaksinasi dengan melibatkan berbagai aktor namun cakupan masih rendah. Dari studi pendahuluan diketahui bahwa terdapat hambatan pada unsur fungsi manajemen. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi manajemen program vaksinasi covid-19 dari penyedia layanan yang mempengaruhi cakupan vaksin covid-19 dosis ketiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian Rapid Assesment Procedures (RAP). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh aspek kontek meliputi pembiayaan, logistik vaksin, regulasi serta sarana dan prasarana terhadap cakupan vaksin covid-19 dosis ketiga. Terdapat pengaruh mekanisme dalam aktor meliputi pelaksanaan, pencatatan pelaporan, monitoring dan evaluasi serta koordinasi terhadap cakupan vaksin covid-19 dosis ketiga. Diketahui pada aspek hasil masih rendah yaitu rata-rata pemakaian vaksin perhari sebesar 277 dosis dan cakupan vaksin dosis ketiga sebesar 28,58%. Kesimpulan Peningkatan cakupan vaksinasi covid-19 dosis ketiga di Provinsi Lampung terkendala oleh manajemen program penyedia layanan terutama dari aspek pembiayaan, logistik vaksin, regulasi, koordinasi, pencatatan, dan pelaporan

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Covid-19 has an impact on various aspects so it needs control efforts. In addition to carrying out health protocols, it is necessary to vaccinate. Coverage of the third dose of Covid-19 vaccination in Indonesia is still low at 37.99%. Lampung Province coverage is still low at 28.58%. Lampung Province is also at high risk when viewed from the CFR co-19 figure of 5.59%. Various strategies have been implemented to accelerate vaccination by involving various actors but the coverage is still low. From the preliminary study it is known that there are obstacles to the elements of the management function. The purpose of this study was to identify the management of the covid-19 vaccination program from service providers that affect coverage of the third dose of the covid-19 vaccine. This study used a qualitative research method with the type of Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP) research. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of context aspects including financing, vaccine logistics, regulations and facilities and infrastructure on the coverage of the third dose of the covid-19 vaccine. There is the influence of mechanisms within actors including implementation, recording of reporting, monitoring and evaluation as well as coordination of coverage of the third dose of the covid-19 vaccine. It is known that the yield aspect is still low, namely the average use of vaccine per day is 277 doses and the third dose vaccine coverage is 28.58%. Conclusion Increasing coverage of the third dose of covid-19 vaccination in Lampung Province is constrained by program management of service providers, especially from the aspects of financing, vaccine logistics, regulation, coordination, recording and reporting."

"Latar Belakang: Infeksi STH merupakan salah satu infeksi yang paling sering terjadi di dunia terutama di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Infeksi STH dapat menimbulkan morbiditas bahkan mortalitas tergantung dari intensitas infeksi dan respon imun hospes. Respon imun hospes terhadap infeksi STH antara lain berupa produksi berbagai kadar sitokin termasuk IL-4, IL-10, TNF-?, dan IFN-?. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan antara berbagasi status infeksi STH dengan kadar IL-4, IL-10, TNF-?, dan IFN-?. Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik potong lintang menggunakan data penduduk Kecamatan Nangapanda dari penelitian sebelumnya pada tahun 2009. Hasil : Dari total 118 subjek penelitian, prevalensi infeksi STH di Kecamatan Nangapanda didapatkan sebesar 45,80. Prevalensi pada subjek berusia < 60 tahun sebesar 39,13 dan pada subjek > 60 tahun sebesar 69,23. Nilai tengah kadar sitokin IL-4, IL-10, TNF-?, dan IFN-? pada subjek penelitian secara berturut-turut didapatkan sebesar 20,80 pg/ml, 21,74 pg/ml, 3,20 pg/ml, dan 1,60 pg/ml. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia dengan status infeksi dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada kelompok usia > 60 tahun dan tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara infeksi STH dengan kadar sitokin IL-4, IL-10, TNF-?, dan IFN-?, kecuali antara status infeksi kombinasi Ascaris dan cacing tambang pada penduduk Kecamatan Nangapanda. Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status infeksi STH dengan keempat kadar sitokin, namun terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status infeksi STH kombinasi A. lumbricoides dan cacing tambang terhadap kadar sitokin IL-4.

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Introduction: Soil Transmitted Helminth STH infection is one of the most common infection in the world especially in developing country like Indonesia. STH infection causes various morbidity and even lead to mortality depending on infection intensity and host immune resposne. Host immune response evokes various cytokine production including IL 4, IL 10, TNF, and IFN.

Objective: This study aims to obtain the prevalence of STH infection in a population living in Nangapanda district, to describe IL 4, IL 10, TNF, and IFN cytokine counts of the population, as well as to investigate the relationship between STH infection and cytokine counts of IL 4, IL 10, TNF, and IFN.

Method: This study used cross sectional method based on the data from a previous study that was conducted in Nangapanda district back in 2009.

Result: From a total of 118 subjects, the prevalence of STH infection found in Nangapanda district was 45,80. The prevalence of subject 60 years old was 39,13 and 60 years old was 69,23. The median of IL 4, IL 10, TNF, and IFN counts of the subject population, respectively was 20,80 pg ml, 21,74 pg ml, 3,20 pg ml, and 1,60 pg ml. There was significant relationship between age and STH infection status with higher prevalence in subject 60 years old but there was no significant relationship between STH infection status and cytokine counts of IL 4, IL 10, TNF, and IFN except between Ascaris and hookworm infection and IL 4 count.

Conclusion: There is no significant difference between STH infection status and cytokine count except between Ascaris and hookworm coinfection with IL 4 count."