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"The present study provides a depiction of Malioboro through language presentation, language preference and sign informativeness. Seven hundred and twenty-nine public signs were examined and analyzed. Analysis was limited to words. A survey on language preference and sign informativeness, clarity and visibility to both local and foreign visitors also conducted. Findings show the dominance of Indonesian language in Malioboro linguistic landscape; 73% of the signs were in Indonesian and all non-commercial signs used Indonesian. Only 15% of the entire signs use English and less than 5% of the signs contain Javanese script or Romanized Javanese. Mainly targeting Indonesian speakers, the LL of Malioboro presents an exclusiveness and reflects a language policy implementation. The survey shows an indication of having both Indonesian and English in Commercial, Regulatory, and Infrastructure signs, most of which are informative."

"Kontak bahasa antar ethnis yang ada di kota besar seperti Medan menjadi sebab lahirnya dua proses Bahasa yaitu Pemertahanan Bahasa (Language Maintenance) dan Perpindahan Bahasa (Language Shift). Tulisan ini mencoba untuk memberikan gambaran singkat tentang fenomena pemertahanan bahasa dan perpindahan bahasa di daerah yang dihuni oleh banyak ethnis dan membandingkannya dengan keadaan sosial bahasa di kota Medan serta bagaimana pengaruh Bahasa Nasional terhadap proses pemertahanan bahasa daerah."