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"Bacopa sp. merupakan genus tanaman air yang umumnya digunakan sebagai tanaman hias akuarium. Sekitar 60 spesies Bacopa tersebar di seluruh dunia. Namun, data molekuler dan analisis filogenetik terhadap spesies-spesies tersebut masih sangat terbatas. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi tujuh spesies Bacopa menggunakan penanda molekuler dan mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan antar spesies melalui nilai jarak genetik. Sebanyak tujuh spesies Bacopa diamati secara morfologi dan diidentifikasi secara molekuler menggunakan sekuens rbcL melalui metode DNA Barcoding dan RAPD marker. Hasil amplifikasi DNA Bacopa sp. divisualisasikan pada gel agarosa dengan konsentrasi 1,5% (rbcL) dan 2% (RAPD marker). Data yang didapatkan kemudian diolah menggunakan aplikasi MEGA (rbcL) dan NTSys (RAPD marker) untuk diketahui hubungan kekerabatannya. Amplifikasi tujuh spesies Bacopa sp. menggunakan rbcL menghasilkan tujuh amplikon yang berukuran sekitar 600 bp. Selain itu, amplifikasi menggunakan delapan primer RAPD juga berhasil dilakukan pada lima spesies Bacopa sp. dan menunjukkan tingkat polimorfisme sebesar 100%. Bacopa rotundifolia dan B. myriophylloides tidak berhasil diamplifikasi oleh delapan primer RAPD karena ketidakcocokan cetakan DNA dengan primer. Analisis filogenetik berdasarkan sekuens rbcL menggunakan metode UPGMA menunjukkan bahwa tujuh spesies Bacopa memiliki rentang jarak genetik 0,000—0,024, sedangkan berdasarkan RAPD, tujuh spesies Bacopa memiliki rentang jarak genetik 0,000—0,625. Identifikasi menggunakan sekuens rbcL lebih dianjurkan karena hasil RAPD sulit untuk diinterpretasikan dan dapat menimbulkan salah tafsir.

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Bacopa sp. is a genus of aquatic plants commonly used as aquarium ornamental plants. About 60 species of Bacopa are distributed throughout the world. However, data on molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of this species are still limited. This study was conducted to identify seven species of Bacopa using molecular markers and determine the relationship among species through the value of genetic distance. A total of seven species of Bacopa were observed morphologically and identified molecularly using rbcL sequences through DNA barcoding and RAPD marker methods. The results of Bacopa DNA amplification were visualized on agarose gel with a concentration of 1.5% (rbcL) and 2% (RAPD marker). The data obtained then processed using the MEGA (rbcL) and NTSys (RAPD marker) applications to determine the relationship among them. Amplification of seven species Bacopa sp. using rbcL resulted in an amplicon measuring about 600 bp. In addition, amplification using eight RAPD primers was also successfully carried out on five species of Bacopa and showed a polymorphism rate of 100%. Bacopa rotundifolia and B. myriophylloides were not successfully amplified by eight RAPD primers due to a mismatch of DNA templates with primers. Phylogenetic analysis based on rbcL sequences using the UPGMA method showed that seven Bacopa species had a genetic distance range of 0.000-0.024, while based on RAPD, seven Bacopa species had a genetic distance range of 0.000-0.625. Identification using the rbcL sequence is recommended because RAPD results are difficult to interpret and can lead to misinterpretation."

"Cantigi ungu (Vaccinium varingifolium (Blume) Miq.) adalah tumbuhan endemik Indonesia yang memiliki potensi sebagai sumber pangan dan obat-obatan. umbuhan ini ditemukan melimpah di area ketinggian 1800 sampai 3340 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl). Studi analisis karakter morfologi dari Cantigi ungu perlu dilakukan untuk menentukan karakter dari tumbuhan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik morfologi dan genetik Cantigi ungu yang tumbuh di kawasan pegunungan provinsi Jawa Barat terutama di Gunung Gede, Kawah Putih Ciwidey, dan Gunung Tangkuban Parahu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi langsung, foto sampel spesimen dan pengukuran karakteristik morfologi dengan menggunakan mistar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Cantigi ungu memiliki morfologi yang mirip dengan spesies Vaccinium lainnya, dengan daun hijau gelap, bunga kecil berwarna putih, dan buah berbentuk bulat dengan diameter 8 – 9 cm; panjang daun 2 – 4 cm; lebar daun 1 – 1,5 cm; serta memiliki keliling pohon 36 – 98 cm. Studi ini memberikan informasi penting mengenai karakteristik morfologi cantigi gunung, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk penelusuran taksonomi dan keberadaan dari tumbuhan tersebut di masa depan. Selama ini, belum banyak data genetik yang dilaporkan pada tumbuhan ini, sehingga perlu adanya konservasi genetik untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan plasma nutfah tumbuhan ini bisa dikonfirmasi status konservasinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 3 lokasi dari Tumbuhan Cantigi ungu yang tumbuh di dataran tinggi Jawa Barat (Gunung Gede, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango; Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tangkuban Parahu; dan Kawah Putih, Ciwidey) yang menggunakan sekuen pembanding gen Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Gen ITS diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan primer forward ITS-u1 5'-GGA AGK ARA AGT CGT AAC AAG G-3 dan primer reverse ITS-u4 5'-RGT TTC TTT TCC TCT GCT TA-'3. Analisis filogenetik dilakukan dengan menggunakan program software MEGA XI dengan metode Maximum Likelihood (ML), Minimum Evolution (ME), Neighbor-Joining (NJ), dan Maximum Parsimony (MP). Dari hasil kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa Cantigi ungu (Vaccinium varingifolium (Blume) Miq. pada penelitian ini merupakan spesies yang sama dengan sekuen pembanding Vaccinium varingifolium AY274564.1 Vaccinium varingifolium OR000769.1, Vaccinium varingifolium OR000770.1, Vaccinium varingifolium OR000771.1 pada pangkalan data genbank National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

Kata Kunci : Cantigi ungu, Vaccinium varingifolium (Blume) Miq., Karakter Morfologi, Gen ITS, Filogenetik

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Cantigi ungu (Vaccinium varingifolium (Blume) Miq.) is an endemic plant of Indonesia that has the potential as a food and medicinal source. This plant is found abundantly in the highlands area ranging from 1800 to 3340 meters above sea level. A morphological analysis study of Cantigi ungu is necessary to determine the plant's characteristics. This research aims to identify morphological and genetic characteristics of Cantigi ungu growing in the mountainous areas of West Java province, especially in Mount Gede, Kawah Putih Ciwidey, and Mount Tangkuban Parahu. The method used in this research is direct observation, specimen photo, and morphological characteristic measurement using a ruler. The results showed that Cantigi ungu has morphologies similar to other Vaccinium species, with dark green leaves, small white flowers, and round fruits with a diameter of 8-9 mm, leaf length of 2-4 cm, leaf width of 1-1.5 cm, and tree circumference of 36-98 cm. So far, genetic data reports on this plant have yet to be widely reported. Genetic conservation is needed so that the sustainability, availability, and existence of this plant germplasm can be known, as well as its conservation status. The research was conducted on 3 Cantigi ungu plants growing in the highlands of West Java (in the Mount Gede Pangrango National Park Area, Mount Tangkuban Parahu Nature Park, and Ciwidey White Crater) and compared them based on their Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene sequence. ITS gene amplification was performed using Forward primer ITS_u1 5'-GGA AGK ARA AGT CGT AAC AAG G-3 and Reverse primer ITS_u4 5'- RGT TTC TTT TCC TCT GCT TA-'3. This study provides important information about the morphological characteristics of Cantigi ungu, which can be used for future taxonomic and plant location research purposes. Phylogenetic analysis was done using the MEGA XI method using Maximum Likelihood (ML), Minimum Evolution (ME), Neighbor-Joining (NJ), and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods. The result shows that the Cantigi ungu in this study is the same species as the comparison species of Vaccinium varingifolium AY274564.1, Vaccinium varingifolium OR000769.1, Vaccinium varingifolium OR000770.1, Vaccinium varingifolium OR000771.1 at the Genebank database National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

 

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"Ikan mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan air tawar dari famili Cichlidae dan genus Oreochromis yang memiliki bentuk adaptasi serta tingkat toleransi yang tinggi terhadap kondisi habitatnya, misalnya pada tingkat salinitas yang tinggi. Danau Laut Mati Oemasapoka di Perairan Pulau Rote merupakan salah satu danau air asin yang menjadi habitat ikan mujair. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan spesies ikan mujair yang diperoleh dari Danau Laut Mati Oemasapoka dengan ikan mujair dari danau air tawar, Danau Ledulu yang berada pada perairan yang sama dengan melakukan identifikasi molekuler menggunakan metode DNA barcoding dengan gen CO1. Tahapan DNA barcoding terdiri atas ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi gen CO1 melalui reaksi PCR, dan sekuensing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gen CO1 mampu mengidentifikasi bahwa ikan mujair yang hidup di danau air asin, Danau Laut Mati Oemasapoka merupakan jenis spesies yang sama dengan ikan mujair yang hidup di danau air tawar, Danau Ledulu dengan persentase kemiripan sebesar 99,53—100%. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik yang dibentuk dengan metode Maximum Likelihood, model evolusi Kimura 2-Parameter, dan uji bootstrap 1000x menunjukkan bahwa ikan mujair dari Danau Laut Mati Oemasapoka dan Danau Ledulu berada dalam satu klade yang sama dengan jarak genetik sebesar 0,000—0,004. Analisis keragaman haplotipe dari ikan mujair yang diperoleh dari Danau Laut Mati Oemasapoka dan Danau Ledulu terdapat satu haplotipe dengan nilai keragaman sebesar 0,0824. Rendahnya nilai keragaman haplotipe tersebut dapat disebabkan karena ikan mujair Danau Laut Mati Oemasapoka dan Danau Ledulu memiliki tingkat migrasi yang rendah.

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Tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) is one type of freshwater fish from the family Cichlidae and genus Oreochromis which has a form of adaptation and a high level of tolerance to habitat conditions, for example at high salinity levels. Dead Sea Lake Oemasapoka, Rote Island is one of the saltwater lakes that is a habitat for tilapia fish. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between tilapia species obtained from Dead Sea Lake Oemasapoka and tilapia fish from freshwater lake, Lake Ledulu which are in the same waters by conducting molecular identification using DNA barcoding method with CO1 gene. The DNA barcoding stages consist of DNA extraction, CO1 gene amplification through PCR reactions, and sequencing. The results of this study indicate that the CO1 gene is able to identify that tilapia fish that live in saltwater lakes, Dead Sea Lake Oemasapoka are the same species as tilapia fish that live in freshwater lakes, Lake Ledulu with a similar percentage of 99,53-100%. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree using the Maximum Likelihood method Kimura 2-Parameter evolution model, and 1000x bootstrap test showed that tilapia fish from Dead Sea Lake Oemasapoka and Lake Ledulu were in the same clade with a genetic distance of 0.000-0.004. Analysis of haplotype diversity of tilapia fish obtained from Dead Sea Lake Oemasapoka and Lake Ledulu there is one haplotype with a diversity value of 0.0824. The low value of this haplotype diversity can be caused by a low migration rate."

"Ikan badut merupakan salah satu jenis dari ikan hias laut yang menjadi primadona di pasar baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Hal ini mempengaruhi ketersediaan ikan badut di alam sehingga perlu ditunjang dengan usaha budidaya. Pendekatan secara molekuler sebagai penunjang pendekatan secara morfologi dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan induk dan benih yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies ikan badut menggunakan teknik DNA barcode dengan gen penanda 16S rRNA dan merekonstruksi pohon filogenetik molekuler ikan badut. Hasil amplifikasi PCR menghasilkan fragmen DNA berukuran 600 panjang basa (pb). Hasil analisa jarak genetik menunjukkan nilai antara 0,00-0,07. Hasil rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik membentuk pohon kekerabatan dengan 7 kluster utama. Hasil penelitian berupa informasi genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan molekuler dari tiap sampel ikan badut dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dasar untuk upaya pengelolaan, pemuliaan, dan konservasi lebih lanjut.

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Clownfish is one type of marine ornamental fish that is excellent in the market both domestically and abroad. This affects the availability of clownfish in nature so that it needs to be supported by cultivation efforts. A molecular approach to support the morphological approach is needed to get quality broodstock and seeds. This study aims to identify clownfish species using DNA barcode techniques with 16S rRNA marker genes and reconstruct the clownfish's molecular phylogenetic tree. The results of PCR amplification produced DNA fragments measuring 600 base pair (bp). The results of genetic distance analysis showed a value between 0.00-0.07. The results of the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees formed a family tree with 7 main clusters. The results of the research in the form of genetic information and molecular relationships from each clownfish sample can be used as a basic reference for further management, breeding, and conservation efforts."

"[ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai identifikasi spesies dan distribusilarva udang mantis di Teluk Banten selama bulan Oktober 2013--November 2013.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas aplikasi DNA barcoding dalamidentifikasi larva udang mantis dan mempelajari pola distribusinya di TelukBanten. Larva udang mantis sebanyak 138 individu dikoleksi denganmenggunakan jaring larva dengan besar mulut 30x30 cm2 dan besar jaring sebesar500 μm dari 6 stasiun penelitian. Daerah COI sebagai penanda DNA barcodingefektif dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi larva udang mantis dengan variasiintraspesies sekuen COI berkisar antara 0,7--2,4%. Distribusi larva udang mantisberpusat di Stasiun 4 yang ditandai dengan tingginya kelimpahan larva udangmantis pada lokasi tersebut (P<0,005; ANOSIM). Ordinasi NMDS danklusterisasi berdasarkan jarak Bray-Curtis menunjukkan distribusi larva udangmantis dipengaruhi oleh kondisi perairanTeluk Banten. Faktor lingkungan yangmemengaruhi kelimpahan larva udang mantis adalah suhu, salinitas dan kecerahandengan nilai R2 adjusted sebesar 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribusi, kelimpahan, dankomposisi larva udnag mantis di Teluk Banten juga dipengaruhi oleh polaperilaku larva (vertical migration) dan arah arus yang memengaruhi perairanTeluk Banten. Distribusi kelimpahan larva pada lokasi penelitian selama bulanOktober--November 2013 bergerak kearah barat Teluk Banten.

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ABSTRACTPlanktonic larvae of stomatopoda were collected at six stations in BantenBay from October 2013 to November 2013, aimed at assessing effectiveness ofusing COI gene for barcoding stomatopoda larvae and studying its distribution inBanten Bay. A total of 138 stomatopod larvae were obtained by deploying larvaltrap of 30x30 cm2 mouth diameters and 500 μm mesh size for approximately 10minutes just beneath the surface. Five species of stomatopod successfullyidentified using COI gene as barcode marker. Variation of intraspecies for COIgene based on Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) were found to be ranged from 0,7% to2,4%. NMDS ordination and Bray-Curtis cluster shown that distribution ofstomatopod larvae affected by hydrodynamic on Banten Bay. Larvae abundance atsix stations in Banten Bay affected by temperature, salinity, and visibility withscore of adjusted R2 is 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribution, abundance, and diversity ofstomatopods larvae are affected by vertical migration and current on Teluk Bantenwater.;Planktonic larvae of stomatopoda were collected at six stations in BantenBay from October 2013 to November 2013, aimed at assessing effectiveness ofusing COI gene for barcoding stomatopoda larvae and studying its distribution inBanten Bay. A total of 138 stomatopod larvae were obtained by deploying larvaltrap of 30x30 cm2 mouth diameters and 500 μm mesh size for approximately 10minutes just beneath the surface. Five species of stomatopod successfullyidentified using COI gene as barcode marker. Variation of intraspecies for COIgene based on Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) were found to be ranged from 0,7% to2,4%. NMDS ordination and Bray-Curtis cluster shown that distribution ofstomatopod larvae affected by hydrodynamic on Banten Bay. Larvae abundance atsix stations in Banten Bay affected by temperature, salinity, and visibility withscore of adjusted R2 is 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribution, abundance, and diversity ofstomatopods larvae are affected by vertical migration and current on Teluk Bantenwater.;Planktonic larvae of stomatopoda were collected at six stations in BantenBay from October 2013 to November 2013, aimed at assessing effectiveness ofusing COI gene for barcoding stomatopoda larvae and studying its distribution inBanten Bay. A total of 138 stomatopod larvae were obtained by deploying larvaltrap of 30x30 cm2 mouth diameters and 500 μm mesh size for approximately 10minutes just beneath the surface. Five species of stomatopod successfullyidentified using COI gene as barcode marker. Variation of intraspecies for COIgene based on Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) were found to be ranged from 0,7% to2,4%. NMDS ordination and Bray-Curtis cluster shown that distribution ofstomatopod larvae affected by hydrodynamic on Banten Bay. Larvae abundance atsix stations in Banten Bay affected by temperature, salinity, and visibility withscore of adjusted R2 is 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribution, abundance, and diversity ofstomatopods larvae are affected by vertical migration and current on Teluk Bantenwater., Planktonic larvae of stomatopoda were collected at six stations in BantenBay from October 2013 to November 2013, aimed at assessing effectiveness ofusing COI gene for barcoding stomatopoda larvae and studying its distribution inBanten Bay. A total of 138 stomatopod larvae were obtained by deploying larvaltrap of 30x30 cm2 mouth diameters and 500 μm mesh size for approximately 10minutes just beneath the surface. Five species of stomatopod successfullyidentified using COI gene as barcode marker. Variation of intraspecies for COIgene based on Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) were found to be ranged from 0,7% to2,4%. NMDS ordination and Bray-Curtis cluster shown that distribution ofstomatopod larvae affected by hydrodynamic on Banten Bay. Larvae abundance atsix stations in Banten Bay affected by temperature, salinity, and visibility withscore of adjusted R2 is 94,5% (P<0,05). Distribution, abundance, and diversity ofstomatopods larvae are affected by vertical migration and current on Teluk Bantenwater.]"

"Penelitian keragaman genetik udang mantis di Perairan Pelabuhan ratu dan Cirebon telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari ndash; November 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik udang mantis di perairan Pelabuhan ratu dan Cirebon. Identifikasi udang mantis menggunakan karakter morfologi dan DNA barcoding dengan menggunakan Cytochrome oksidase sub unit I COI . Analisis karakter morfologi menggunakan software PAST v.3.14 Paleontological Statistics dengan metode cluster. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan software MEGA 6 dengan metode Neighbour Joining berdasarkan model Tamura-3 paramater dengan bootstrap 1000 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stomatopoda yang ditemukan dari lokasi pengambilan sampel terdiri atas Harpiosquilla harpax, Oratosquilla oratoria, Oratosquillina gravieri dan Harpiosquilla annandalei. Rata-rata kelimpahan larva Stomatopoda di perairan Cirebon pada stasiun I, II, III dan IV masing-masing 0,047; 0,018; 0,003 dan 0,003 ind/m3sedangkan larva di perairan Pelabuhan ratu hanya ditemukan di stasiun IV sebanyak 0,003 ind/m3. Hasil dendogram karakter morfometrik terdiri atas tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok H. harpax Cirebon - H.harpax Pelabuhan ratu , kelompok O. oratoria-H. annandalei, dan kelompok O. gravieri. Kesamaan pada kelompok H. harpax dari Cirebon dan Pelabuhan ratu sebesar 94,5 sedangkan H. annandalei ndash; O.oratoria sebesar 92,5 . Hasil rekonstruksi filogenetik yang dibentuk berdasarkan sekuen yang sudah dicocokkan pada Gene bank yaitu terdiri atas 2 genus yaitu Harpiosquilla dan Oratosquilla.

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The study of genetic diversity mantis shrimp in the Pelabuhan Ratu and Cirebon waters was conducted in February November 2016. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of the mantis shrimp in the Pelabuhan Ratu and Cirebon waters. Mantis shrimp was identified using morphological characters and DNA barcoding used Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I COI . Analysis character morphological were done using PAST software v.3.14 Paleontological Statistics cluster method. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree used MEGA software 6 with Neighbour Joining method based on the model of Tamura 3 parameters by bootstrapping 1000 times. The results showed that stomatopods found from sampling sites consist of Harpiosquilla harpax, Oratosquilla oratoria, Oratosquillina gravieri and Harpiosquilla annandalei. The average abundance of larvae stomatopoda were found in Cirebon waters at station I, II, III and IV 0,047 0,018 0.003 and 0.003 ind m3, respectively, while in the Pelabuhan ratu water fourth station were found as much as 0,003 ind m3. Dendogram of morphometric character consists of three groups, namely H. harpax Cirebon H. harpax Pelabuhan ratu , O. Oratoria H. annandalei group, and the group O. gravieri. Similarities were found H.harpax group of Cirebon and Pelabuhan Ratu as much as 94.5 while H. annandalei O. oratoria was 92.5 . The results of phylogenetic reconstruction were formed by sequences that have been matched in the Gene bank which consists of two genera, Harpiosquilla and Oratosquilla."

"Ayam ketawa yang juga disebut ayam gaga adalah salah satu ayam hias lokal yang berasal dari Sidrap Sidenreng - Rappang , Sulawesi Selatan. Ayam ketawa memiliki lagu berkokok unik, seperti manusia tertawa. Ayam ketawa yang memiliki pendek dan lambat lagu berkokok bernama tipe lambat, sementara memiliki panjang dan cepat lagu berkokok disebut tipe dangdut. Penelitian dilakukan di dua lokasi yaitu Sidrap, Sulawesi Selatan sebagai tempat galur murni ayam ketawa, terdiri atas lima daerah yaitu Kanie, Bullo, Macege, Rappang, dan Sidenreng. Lokasi kedua yaitu Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta sebagai daerah distribusi ayam ketawa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki sumberdaya genetik ayam ketawa berdasarkan berat badan, bioakustik, dan panjang tulang leher. Dua puluh satu sampel tipe lambat dan delapan sampel tipe dangdut dikumpulkan masing-masing berdasarkan lokasi penyebarannya. Suara kokok data bioakustik tercatat dan dianalisis dengan Cool Edit Pro 2 software Portable. Korelasi antara data bioakustik dan panjang tulang leher atau berat badan dilakukan menggunakan SPSS versi 22 . Menurut uji korelasi Pearson, ada korelasi positif r = 0,7 antara berat badan dan durasi kokok ayam tipe dangdut dari peternakan Sidrap. Korelasi tertinggi sebesar r = 0,9 diperoleh ayam ketawa tipe lambat dari peternakan Jakarta antara panjang tulang leher dan durasi kokok. Rataan durasi suara kokok ayam ketawa tertinggi dihasilkan oleh ayam ketawa tipe dangdut yaitu sebesar 3,89 0,08 berasal dari peternakan Sidrap. Distribusi situs polimorfik sekuens, Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit-I COI mitokondria yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini, yaitu pada urutan basa 701?800 sebesar 50 . Hasil rekonstruksi topologi pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa ayam ketawa Bullo dari peternakan Sidrap masih kerabat dekat dengan ayam ketawa di peternakan Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta dengan nilai bootstrap 89,7 . Nilai boostrap tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 96 . Nilai boostrap menjadi tolak ukur penentu tingkat kepercayaan pohon filogeni, hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ayam ketawa Bullo berkerabat dekat dengan ayam ketawa Sidenreng dari peternakan Sidrap.

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Ketawa chicken well known as ldquo ayam ketawa rdquo belongs to local ornamental chickens originating from Sidrap Sidenreng Rappang , South Sulawesi. Ketawa chicken has unique crowing likes human laughing. Ketawa chicken with long and fast crowing is categorized to dangdut type, while the short and slow crowing is categorized to slow type. This study was conducted at two locations. The first one as is located in Sidrap region of South Sulawesi, consists of five areas, namely Kanie, Bullo, Macege, Rappang, and Sidenreng as origin laocation of pure strain of ketawa chicken. The second location is Kebayoran Lama Jakarta where ketawa chicken is raised outside the place of origin. The objective of present study is to investigate the biodiversity of ketawa chicken based on bioacoustics, body weight, and neck bone length. Twenty one samples of slow type and eight samples of dangdut type from different location are collected. The crowing sound bioacoustics data was recorded and analyzed by Cool Edit Pro Portable 2 software. The correlation between bioacoustics either with the neck bone length or with the body weight was analyzed by SPSS version 22 . According to Pearson correlation test, there were positive correlation between body weight and crowing duration of dangdut type of ketawa chicken from Sidrap. The highest correlation was obtained to 0.9 r 0.9 between the neck bone length and the crowing duration for ketawa chicken slow type from Jakarta. The highest noise duration of 3.89 0.08 was resulted from dangdut type from Sidrap. Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I mitochondria resulted from this research, was located at 701 800 base pair by 50 . The phylogenetic tree topology reconstruction revealed that ketawa chickens Bullo from Sidrap showed close relation with their counterparts from Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta at bootstrap of 89.7 . The highest boostrap value was 96 that indicates gaga chicken Bullo was closely related to ketawa chickens Sidenreng, Sidrap. Boostrap value is a barometer in determining the level of confidence of phylogeny tree."

"ABSTRAKGallus gallus domesticus atau yang dikenal sebagai ayam kampung merupakan hasil domestikasi dari jenis ayam hutan merah Gallus gallus gallus. Kabupaten Bangkalan merupakan salah satu Kabupaten yang terletak di Pulau Madura yang memiliki peternakan ayam ketawa hasil domestifikasi dari Kabupaten Sidrap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman ayam ketawa dan solusi pemuliaan ayam ketawa untuk mempertahankan sumber daya hayati, oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian ayam ketawa berdasarkan analisis bioakustik, morfometrik, dan DNA barcoding. Sampel ayam ketawa yang berasal dari Kecamatan Kamal mempunyai rata-rata durasi kokok terpanjang yaitu 6,00 3,0 detik dan rata-rata jumlah suku kata terbanyak berasal dari ayam ketawa Kecamatan Socah yaitu 7,20 5,80. Hasil analisis morfometrik seluruh populasi ayam ketawa di Kabupaten Bangkalan terdapat delapan karakter morfologi yang berbeda signifikan antara populasi ayam ketawa di Kecamatan Kamal dan Kecamatan Burneh yaitu bobot badan, panjang femur, panjang shank, lingkar shank, panjang sayap, tinggi jengger, panjang jari ketiga, dan panjang tulang dada, sedangkan empat karakter morfologi berbeda signifikan antara populasi ayam ketawa di Kecamatan kamal dan Kecamatan Socah yaitu panjang shank, panjang sayap, panjang jari ketiga, dan panjang tulang dada, serta tiga karakter morfologi berbeda signifikan antar individu di Kecamatan Burneh dan Kecamatan Socah yaitu bobot badan, panjang femur, dan lingkar shank. Adanya perbedaan nilai signifikan karakter morfologi antar populasi disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal. Hasil nilai bootstrap tinggi yaitu 1000, sedangkan pada nilai bootstrap terkecil yaitu 382. Jarak genetik sebagai dasar rekonstruksi pohon filogeni yang dihasilkan dari populasi ayam ketawa di Kabupaten Bangkalan yaitu berkisar antara 0,025--1,872. Analisis molekuler melalui teknik DNA Barcoding dengan Gen Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit 1 COI dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies ayam ketawa di Kabupaten Bangkalan G. g. domesticus dan persebarannya.

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ABSTRACTGallus gallus domesticus or known as native chicken became domesticated from wild junglefowls Gallus gallus gallus. Bangkalan District is one of the districts located in Madura Island which has breeding domesticated chicken from Sidrap District. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity of ketawa chicken and ketawa chicken Breeding solution to preserve the biological resources, therefore the research of ketawa chicken ketawa is done based on bioacoustic, morphometric, and DNA barcoding analysis. Ketawa chicken samples from Kamal Subdistrict had the longest duration of crowing length of 6.00 3.0 seconds and the average number of syllables ketawa chicken was mostly from Socah Subdistrict of 7.20 5.80. Result of morphometric analysis of whole population of ketawa chicken in Bangkalan District there are eight morphological characters significantly different between ketawa chicken population in Kamal Subdistrict and Burneh Subdistrict are body weight, femur length, shank length, shank circumference, wing length, height of comb, third finger length, and chest length, where as four morphological characters were significantly different between ketawa chicken population in Kamal Subdistrict and Socah Subdistrict, are shank length, wing length, finger length, and chest length, and three significantly different morphological characters between individuals in Burneh Subdistrict and Socah Subdistrict namely body weight, femur length, and shank circumference. The existence of significant difference of morphological character between population is caused by external factor. The result of high bootstrap value is 1000, while at the smallest bootstrap value is 382. Genetic distance as the basis of phylogenetic tree reconstruction resulting from ketawa chicken population in Bangkalan District is ranged from 0,025 1,872. Molecular analysis through DNA Barcoding technique with Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit 1 COI Genes can be used to identify Ketawa chicken species in Bangkalan District G. g. domesticus and their distribution."