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"Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat perangkat lunak simulasi penyinaran radiografi dengan metode ray tracing menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Python. Metode ray tracing dilakukan dengan menghitung intensitas yang diterima detektor setelah melewati suatu materi dan mengalami atenuasi. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan memodelkan fantom TOR 18FG sebagai objek penyinaran. Merancang dan membuat modul simulasi penyinaran monoenergi pada energi 50 keV dan melakukan validitas terhadap perangkat lunak dengan membandingkan citra hasil simulasi dengan citra referensi kemudian menghitung persentase kesalahannya pada geometri dengan perhitungan statistik Mean Absolute Error (MAPE) dan nilai kontras citra dengan perhitungan statistik Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAE). Pada validasi geometri, persentase kesalahan absolut perangkat lunak sebesar 4,082%. Sedangkan pada validasi nilai kontras, besar kesalahan absolut perangkat lunak sebesar 27,5%. Hasil dari penelitian ini, didapatkan perangkat lunak sederhana yang menyajikan pemodelan penyinaran dengan metode ray tracing dalam bentuk GUI yang dapat menginput nilai intensitas awal berupa jumlah foton dan menghasilkan output berupa citra fantom dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi secara geometri, tetapi tingkat akurasi secara nilai kontras masih rendah.

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In this study aims to design and manufacture radiographic irradiation simulation software using the ray tracing method using the Python programming language. The ray tracing method is performed by calculating the intensity received by the detector after passing through a material and experiencing attenuation. This research begins by modeling the TOR 18FG phantom as an irradiating object. Designing and manufacturing a monoenergy irradiation simulation module at 50 keV energy and validating the software by comparing the simulated image with a reference image and then calculating the percentage error in the geometry by calculating the Mean Absolute Error (MAPE) and the contrast value of the image by calculating the Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (MAE). In geometry validation, the software absolute error percentage is 4.082%. Whereas in the validation of contrast values, the software absolute error is 27.5%. The results of this study, obtained simple software that presents irradiation modeling with the ray tracing method in the form of a GUI that can input the initial intensity value in the form of the number of photons and produces an output in the form of a phantom image with a high degree of accuracy in terms of geometry, but the level of accuracy in terms of contrast value is still low."

"Telah dilakukan kalibrasi film Gafchromic XR-RV3 yang dilakukan di Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) BATAN untuk pengukuran dosis kulit pasien selama prosedur intervensional dipandu fluoroskopi. Film dikalibrasi di udara dan di fantom dengan dosis penyinaran 1, 5, 10, 15, 50, 100, 200, dan 300 cGy pada kualitas berkas 70, 80, 90 dan 100 kV. Persamaan faktor kalibrasi dihasilkan dari grafik hubungan nilai kerapatan optik (OD) dengan dosis. Hasil dari pengukuran faktor kalibrasi di udara dan di fantom merupakan persamaan polinomial orde kelima dengan R=1. Dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan komisioning scanner Perfection V700 di Laboratorium Fisika Medis dan Biofisika yang bertujuan untuk menguji konsistensi scanner, homogenitas scanner, homogenitas film dan suhu ruang penyimpanan film, serta menentukan faktor fading film.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa film memiliki komposisi yang tersebar merata pada setiap lapisannya. Berdasarkan respon scanner disarankan untuk melakukan pemindaian pada bagian pusat bedscanner namun tidak disarankan untuk melakukan pemindaian secara berulang. Selama penyimpanan dan proses pembacaan film sebaiknya suhu ruangan dijaga konstan. Berdasarkan lama waktu pemindaian film selama 72 hari, diperoleh laju penurunan nilai pixel film yaitu 314.3 pixel/pekan serta dihasilkan faktor koreksi fading y = -0.002x + 4.701 dengan R2=0.997, sebagai kompensasi waktu pemindaian yang berbeda.

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Calibration of Gafchromic XR-RV3 film has been done at Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) BATAN for measurement of patient skin dose during fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. The film was calibrated free-in-air and on-phantom with exposure doses of 1, 5, 10, 15, 50, 100, 200 and 300 cGy at four x-ray beam qualities of 70, 80, 90 and 100 kV. Calibration factor function was generated from the graph equation between the optical density (OD) and doses. The resulted calibration factor free-in-air and on-phantom were defined in fifth order polynomial function with R=1. In this study commissioning perfection V700 scanner at the Laboratory of Medical Physics and Biophysics which aimed for consistency testing of scanner, the homogeneity of scanner, the homogeneity of film, and the temperature during storage, as well as determined the fading factor of film, was also performed.

The results shows that the composition of film layer was spread equally. Based on the response of scanner, it is recommended scan at center of flatbed but not recommended to perform repeatedly scanning. The room temperature during storage and the process of film reading should be kept constantly. Based on 72 days of the film scanning time, the decrease rate of film pixel value is 314.3 pixel/week and fading correction factor is in term of y = -0.002x + 4.701 with R2=0.997 to compensate reading time variation."

"Terahertz biomedical imaging has become an area of interest due to its ability to simultaneously acquire both image and spectral information. Terahertz imaging systems are being commercialized, with increasing trials performed in a biomedical setting. As a result, advanced digital image processing algorithms are needed to assist screening, diagnosis, and treatment. "Pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction" presents these necessary algorithms, which will play a critical role in the accurate detection of abnormalities present in biomedical imaging. Terhazertz tomographic imaging and detection technology contributes to the ability to identify opaque objects with clear boundaries, and would be useful to both in vivo and ex vivo environments, making this book a must-read for anyone in the field of biomedical engineering and digital imaging."

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"Revised and updated for its Fourth Edition, Aunt Minnie's Atlas and Imaging-Specific Diagnosis is an excellent study tool for the oral radiology board examination. It features more than 360 cases and over 1,000 images, divided by region, that follow a standard format: images, history, findings, diagnosis, discussion and "Aunt Minnie's Pearls," which reinforce the key features of each case while providing a quick review of salient points. The cases represent all modalities and cover all subspecialties tested on the oral boards.This edition contains new classic cases and online access containing all the cases from the book plus additional cases"