Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Lahan basah adalah bagian penting yang terintegrasi dengan ekosistem global yang memiliki fungsi penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan seperti mencegah atau mengurangi dampak banjir, menampung air permukaan dan serta menyediakan habitat unik baik flora maupun fauna. Lahan basah perkotaan memberikan jasa ekosistem langsung bagi masyarakat sekaligus mendorong kelangsungan funsi ekologi kota. Upaya pengendalian ruang wilayah kota memerlukan instrumen yang mampu mengintegrasikan variabel lingkungan kompleks yang terdiri dari aspek biofisik, aspek sosial-kultur, dan aspek ekonomi. Perkembangan pemodelan dinamika spasial saat ini masih terkonsentrasi pada penggunaan driving factor biofisik, sementara kompeksitas dinamika alih fungsi lahan perkotaan tentu dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendorong selain biofisik.Riset ini bertujuan; 1) menganalisis peran dari setiap faktor yang mempengaruhi alih fungsi lahan basah perkotaan berdasarkan hasil pemanfaatan penggalian data (data mining), 2) mengkontruksikan pemanfaatan penggalian data spasial untuk pemodelan dinamika spasial, dan 3) membangun model dinamika spasial untuk memproyeksikan komposisi spasial penggunaan lahan sebagai masukan dalam evaluasi keberlanjutan lahan basah perkotaan.Metode yang dipakai adalah pemodelan dinamika spasial dengan mengintegrasikan model markov, model cellular automata, dan model driving factor yang dihasilkan dari analisis spasial multitemporal dan pemanfaatan penggalian data spasial. Riset menggunakan 17 data driving factor yang dikategorikan dalam 3 varibel yaitu biofisik, sosio kultur dan ekonomi. Riset mengadopsi 8 driving factor biofisik yang digunakan dalam riset-riset sebelumnya, semnetara itu hasil kontruksi penggalian data spasial menambahkan 9 driving factor yang mewakili variabel sosio-kultur dan variabel ekonomi. Peran dari variabel sosio-kultur dan variabel ekonomi secara mayoritas lebih besar dalam mempengaruhi dinamika spasial alih fungsi lahan basah perkotaan.Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa keberlangsungan lahan basah perkotaan wilayah riset masih dapat terus terjaga pada seluruh skenario model dengan tren luas lahan basah yang terus menurun. Skenario optimal merupakan pilihan terbaik dengan komposisi spasial yang rasional dan menunjukkan indikator penilaian lingkungan yang memiliki resiko paling rendah untuk indikator nilai koefisien limpasan rerata sebesar 0,458 lebih rendah dibandingkan skenario BAU dengan nilai koefisien limpasan rerata sebesar 0,462. Skenario optimal ini memiliki konsekuensi terjadinya fragementasi lahan basah yang lebih tinggi pada lahan basah yang terdapat pada alokasi lahan untuk permukiman dan lahan jasa perdagangan. Number of Patch (NP) pada skenario optimal pada tahun 2016 sebesar 105 meningkat menjadi 198 pada tahun 2034, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan skenario BAU yang menunjukkan NP sebesar 33 pada tahun 2016 dan NP sebesar 78 pada tahun 2034.

---

Wetlands are an important part that is integrated with global ecosystems that have important functions in maintaining environmental balance such as preventing or reducing the effects of flooding, storing surface water and as well as providing unique habitats for both flora and fauna. Urban wetlands provide ecosystem services directly to the community while promoting the sustainability of the city's ecological functions. Efforts to control spatial planning require instruments capable of integrating complex environmental variables consisting of biophysical aspects, socio-cultural aspects, and economic aspects. The development of spatial dynamics modeling is currently still concentrated on the use of biophysical driving factors, while the complexity of urban land use change is certainly influenced by driving factors other than biophysical aspects.

This research aims; 1) analyzing the role of each factor that influences the conversion of urban wetlands based on the results of the utilization of data mining, 2) constructing the utilization of spatial data mining for spatial dynamics modeling, and 3) building spatial dynamics models to project the spatial composition of land use as input in evaluating the sustainability of urban wetlands.

The method used is spatial dynamics modeling by integrating the Markov model, cellular automata model, and driving factor models resulting from multitemporal spatial analysis and the use of spatial data mining. The research uses 17 driving factor data which are categorized into 3 variables namely biophysical, socio-cultural and economic. The research adopted 8 biophysical driving factors used in previous research, while the results of the construction of spatial data mining added 9 driving factors representing sociocultural and economic variables. The role of socio-cultural variables and economic variables is predominantly higher in influencing spatial dynamics over the function of urban wetlands.

The results of the research show that the sustainability of urban wetlands in the research area can still be maintained in all model scenarios with a trend of decreasing area of wetlands. The optimal scenario is the best choice with a rational spatial composition and shows the environmental assessment indicators that have the lowest risk for the average runoff coefficient value of 0.458 lower than the BAU scenario with an average runoff coefficient of 0.462. This optimal scenario has the consequence of higher fragmentation of wetlands in the wetland area contained in the allocation of land for settlements and commercial areas. The number of patches (NP) in the optimal scenario in 2016 was 105 increased to 198 in 2034, higher than the BAU scenario which showed a NP of 33 in 2016 and a NP of 78 in 2034."

"[Kelelawar pemakan buah memiliki peran penting dalam ekosistem sebagaipenyerbuk dan penyebar biji tumbuhan. Beberapa jenis kelelawar pemakan buahdiketahui merupakan hewan inang bagi sejumlah ektoparasit. Ektoparasitdiketahui dapat menurunkan kesintasan inangnya, sehingga hubungan inangektoparasitmerupakan salah satu komponen ekologi yang penting diketahui.Penelitian mengenai hubungan inang-ektoparasit pada kelelawar pemakan buahmasih sangat terbatas di kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok, sehingga terdapatkebutuhan penelitian mengenai subjek tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulanMaret-April 2014 pada 15 titik sampel untuk mengetahui hubungan inangektoparasitpada kelelawar pemakan buah di kampus UI. Sebanyak 42 dari 70individu kelelawar yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini terinfeksi ektoparasit.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelelawar dari marga Cynopterus memiliki nilaiprevalensi yang lebih tinggi daripada marga Macroglossus, dengan Cynopterusbrachyotis sebagai jenis dengan nilai prevalensi tertinggi. Kelelawar betina remajamemiliki jumlah terinfeksi terbanyak dibandingkan dengan kelelawar betinadewasa, jantan dewasa, dan jantan remaja. Hasil tersebut berkaitan denganperbedaan struktur dalam kelompok, serta perilaku roosting dan grooming.Kekhususan hubungan inang-ektoparasit teramati pada tingkatan marga inang,dimana Cyclopodia horsfieldii hanya ditemukan pada kelelawar dari margaCynopterus, dan Leptocyclopodia ferrarii hanya ditemukan pada kelelawar darimarga Macroglossus., Fruit bats have significant roles in the ecosystems as pollinators and seeddispersers. Some fruit bats are known as hosts for several ectoparasites.Ectoparasites can decrease the host’s fitness, which make host-ectoparasiterelationship one of ecology components need to be known. The study about hostectoparasiterelationship on fruit bats in Universitas Indonesia Depok is stilllimited, that there is a need to do the research. This study aimed to examinerelationship of species of bats and their ectoparasites found in habitats aroundUniversitas Indonesia. The study was conducted in March-April 2014 at 15observation sites. Of 70 individuals captured, 42 individuals were infested byectoparasites. The results showed Cynopterus bats had a higher prevalence thanMacroglossus bats, and Cynopterus brachyotis was found as the highestprevalence species. Adult female bats were the most infested groups. Theseresults might due to the differences in group structure, roosting, and groomingbehaviour. Host-parasite specificity observed at the genus level. Cyclopodiahorsfieldii was only found on Cynopterus bats, while Leptocyclopodia ferrariiwas found only on Macroglossus bats.]"

"Lore Lindu National Park covers 217,991 ha of Central Sulawesi. The elevation range from 200 m asl in Pakuli to 2,355 m asl at the top of Nokilalaki mountain on the north east of this national park. This wide range of the elevation has become the supporting factor of the high biodiversity in this national park. There were many Sulawesi endemic faunas which have been found in this national park. This national park have at least 5 species of squirrel, 31 of 38 of the rats species are endemic not to mention other big mammals and the species of shrews which are mostly endemic. Approximately there are 55 species of bats inhabit this national park. This group of animals plays important economic and ecological roles including producing fertilizer, pollinating fruit trees, and consuming vast numbers of insects. Bat’s morphology and anatomy are basically like that of any other mammal, the wings are the most obvious distinguishing characteristic. The fundamental similarity in structure of all bats has required the group to expand into new habitat or to partition their niche. Ecomorphology is a study that relates the morphological structures that construct an organism with ecological and evolutionary consequences of that designs. Some previous study indicate the relationship between morphological characters such as cranial or wing characters with diet and niche partition in bats. Ecomorphological study of bats is very lack in Sulawesi particularly which correlates with its ecological function such as niche partition. The study on ecomorphology has not been comprise the whole area of this national park. There were no reports on this study at the South West Part of Lore Lindu National Park, near Tomado village. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is a pattern of variation in which asymmetry values are normally distributed around a mean of zero. FA has been considered as the product of random errors in development, and thus a measure of developmental stability. The level of FA in a trait may indicate genetic, developmental, or environmental stress. The study of FA can also predict the interspecies relationship between two or more species in one area. The study of FA in bats has never been conducted in Lore Lindu National Park. This study can explain the interspecies relationship among bats species and the level of environmental stress in the national park. This study focused on two topics: (1) ecomorphological relationship between wing characters and niche partition in bat community, and (2) fluctuating asymmetry pattern in bat community. The study area was located at Lore Lindu National Park, Salupada Mountain, Tomado village, Central Sulawesi. The study was conducted between July to August 2002. Bats were captured using mist nets and a harp trap. This study is testing the hypothesis that bat species are randomly dispersed in multivariate morphological space. In contrast, if they are organized (due to phylogeny, competitive interactions, etc), multivariate morphological space will be partitioned regularly. This study is also testing the significant difference of FA levels between species of bat in the community to see the interspecies relationship among them. A total of 128 bat specimens from 16 species were collected. The wing morphology of each specimens were measured using digital caliper. The wing characters measured were the Metacarpal of the first to the fifth digit of the bat, the first and the second Phalanges of the third to the fifth digit of the bat, Forearms, and Tibiae. A total of 13 characters were measured. These characters was analysed using multivariate statistics, Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Principal component analysis indicates that differences in size of the wing (PC-1) contribute 86% of niche partition, whereas wing width membrane differences (PC-2) contribute only about 8% of niche partition. The guild of bat community in Lore Lindu National Park was not distributed randomly in multivariate space. Instead we found that the morphological space is partitioned regularly, probably due to competitive interactions The pattern of fluctuating asymmetry between the two bat species showed no significant differences of FA level between the sexes within The study of ecomorphological attributes on bats in Lore Lindu National Park is still needed to be continued in order to find out the niche partition in the whole area of the park and also to see the level of disturbance in the area."