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"Promoting the development of renewable energy is one of the important strategies for China to achieve energy conservation, emission reduction and energy transition. Although China has successfully developed a large-scale wind power industry, the serious problem of wind energy curtailment has led to the conflicts between decentralization and centralization. Based on this issue, the research questions of this paper are: Under China’s authoritarian regime, why does the Chinese government’s wind power governance mechanism cause the problem of wind energy curtailment to rise and fall periodically? Why does the governance mechanism show an unstable phenomenon of alternating between decentralization and centralization? Based on the authors’ interviews (including face to face interviews and remote interviews) targeting at seven provinces (cities/autonomous areas) in China from July 2014 to June 2022, this research proposes an analytical framework to explain the central and local government’s response strategies and governance cycles, and explores the background behind the local government’s response strategies- the “local routines”action mode. This research finds that when Chinese wind power governance mechanism faces the problem of wind energy curtailment, even if the central government proposes policy indicators and documents, the ultimate goal of local governments’ “local routines” is to maximize their own interests, instead of solving problems effectively. Under the situation that the central and local governments continue to make moves with each other, the problem of wind power curtailment has been characterized by huge fluctuations for a long time, which impacts the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. This study contributes to a renewed understanding of central-local relations and environmental politics in Chinese authoritarian regimes, as well as to explain the puzzling alternating trajectories in the field of governance."

"The availability of clean water is a large part of the main problem in the area of West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Eventhough there is correlation between factors of adequate water, health and economic development. One area that represents this condition is in the village of Labuan Bajo. The enchantment of the tourist island of Flores found in West Manggarai Regency, where Labuan Bajo is the gateway to entering the tourist charm is a place that tourists really want to visit. As a government effort to tighten border supervision and safeguards the Labuan Bajo maritime, the government formed the Indonesian Navy post. Therefore, the availability of clean water is needed in the area, besides to meet the needs of the Labuan Bajo community, improve facilities and infrastructure to bring in many tourists, also for fulfilling the logistical support of the Navy's headquarters. To meet water needs, there are 2 options that are expected to solve the problem, namely (1) mapping of underground water in the village of Labuan Bajo and pumping it using electric power from the voltaic photo results, and (2) when there is no item (1) then pumping water from the reservoir is available at a distance about 3 km from the village of Labuan Bajo. Considering the contour of the area, the needed to make new reservoirs and water pumping systems from the reservoir available, so that an adequate level of water is obtained for drain water to the village. Mapping of underground water is carried out with using the geoelectric method. If option 1 is successful, then the system that is built can be used as a model of pumping underground water, mainly in the area of West Manggarai Regency that needed it. Then the water obtained will be processed through the Reverse Osmosis process to produce ready to drink water."

"Alternative energy sources is designed to give the reader, a clear view of the role each form of alternative energy may play in supplying the energy needs of the human society in the near future (20-50 years).The two first chapters on "energy demand and supply" and "environmental effects," set the tone as to why alternative energy is essential for the future. The third chapter gives the laws of energy conversion processes, as well as the limitations of converting one energy form to another. The section on exergy gives a quantitative background on the capability/potential of each energy source to produce power. The fourth, fifth and sixth chapters are expositions of fission and fusion nuclear energy, the power plants that may produce power from these sources and the issues that will frame the public debate on nuclear energy. The following five chapters include descriptions of the most common renewable energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydroelectric) some of the less common sources (e.g. tidal and wave energy). The emphasis of these chapters will be on the global potential of each source, the engineering/technical systems that are used in harnessing the potential of each source, the technological developments that will contribute to wider utilization of the sources and environmental effects associated with their wider use. The last three chapters are: "energy storage," which will become an important issue if renewable energy sources are used widely."

"This is a research-based textbook, in the area of sustainable energy systems and aimed to address some key pillars, better efficiency, better cost effectiveness, better use of energy resources, better environment, better energy security, and better sustainable development. It also includes some cutting-edge topics, such hydrogen and fuel cells, renewable, clean combustion technologies, CO2 abatement technologies, and some potential tools (exergy, constructal theory, etc.) for design, analysis and performance improvement."

"Pulau Sebesi memiliki permasalahan dalam pemenuhuan kebutuhan listriknya. Saat ini Pulau Sebesi menggunakan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel untuk mensuplai listrik yang hanya mengalir selama enam jam per hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengembangan sistem energi terbarukan yang layak di wilayah Pulau Sebesi, Provinsi Lampung. Untuk mendapatkan sistem energi yang optimal adalah dengan melakukan permodelan biaya ekonomi untuk konfigurasi sistem dan pemilihan lokasi yang tepat untuk penempatan sistem. Untuk mendapatkan konfigurasi sistem yang sesuai dengan biaya terendah simulasi dan optimasi dilakuakan menggunakan perangkat lunak HOMER untuk mendapatkan Nilai Biaya Saai Ini (Net Present cost) dan Biaya Energi Terukur (Levelized Cost of energy) sebagai parameter penentu untuk kelayakan ekonomi. Sedangkan untuk kelaykan teknis adalah melakukan analisis wilayah kesesuaian menggunakan metode Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA) dengan fuzzy logic. Hasil yang didapatkan dari simulasi dan optimasi HOMER adalah NPC sebesar Rp 62,189 Milyar dan LCoE sebesar Rp 3.909,00. Sedangkan hasil dari SMCA adalah wilayah potensial penempatan sistem dengan total luas 211 Ha. Selain itu didapatkan tiga lokasi optimal untuk masing-masing sistem photovoltaic dan turbin angin dengan melakukan survey lapang hasil validasi dari wilayah potensial yang telah ditentukan. 

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Sebesi Island has problems in meeting its electricity needs. At present Sebesi Island uses Diesel Power Plant to supply its electricity that only available for six hours per day. The purpose of this study was to find out the development of a feasible renewable energy system in the Sebesi Island region, Lampung Province. To get an optimal energy system is to do economic cost modelling for system configuration and the selection of the right location for system placement. To get a system configuration that corresponds to the lowest cost simulation and optimization, the HOMER software is used to obtain the Net Present Cost and Measured Cost of Energy as the determining parameters for economic feasibility. Whereas for technical feasibility is to conduct a suitability analysis using the Spatial Multicriteria Analysis method with fuzzy logic. The results obtained from the HOMER simulation and optimization are NPCs of Rp. 62,189,690,000.00 and LCoE of Rp. 3,909.00. While the results of the SMCA are potential areas of system placement with a total area of 211 Ha. In addition, three optimal locations for each PV system and wind turbine were obtained by conducting a field survey of validation results from a predetermined potential area."

"Sistem kelistrikan rumah tangga off-grid terus mengalami perkembangan. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi energi terbarukan, teknologi komputasi, teknologi informasi dan teknologi komunikasi, fungsi dan peran sistem kelistrikan rumah tangga dalam menurunkan emisi gas buang dan meningkatkan efisiensi semakin penting. Untuk merancang sistem kelistrikan rumah tangga diperlukan suatu alat. Saat ini pemodelan dan simulasi menjadi alat yang efektif untuk mendapatkan rancangan sistem yang diinginkan. Dalam penelitian ini, dirancang pemodelan dan simulasi sistem kelistrikan rumah tangga. Sistem ini terdiri dari panel surya, turbin angin, baterai dan beban yang terkoneksi melalui konverter. Pemodelan diturunkan dari model matematik sistem sedangkan simulasi menggunakan MATLAB/Simulink. Dalam penelitian ini, rancangan sistem kendali supervisi juga diimplementasikan. Kendali ini berfungsi menyeimbangkan antara pasokan energi dan beban yang terus berubah. Dari hasil simulasi yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa model dan simulasi dapat bekerja dengan baik. Perubahan beban dan pasokan energi dapat diantisipasi dengan bekerjanya baterai dan juga fuel cell.

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The off-grid household electrical system continues to develop. With the development of renewable energy technology, computational technology, information technology and communication technology, the function and role of off-grid household electrical systems in reducing exhaust emissions and increasing efficiency are increasingly important. To design an off-grid household electrical system, a tool is needed. Currently modeling and simulation are effective tools to get the desired system design.

In this study, a household electrical system modeling and simulation was designed. This system consists of solar panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, batteries and loads connected through a converter. Modeling is derived from system mathematical models while the simulation uses MATLAB / Simulink. In this study, the design of the supervision control system was also implemented. This control functions to balance the energy supply and the ever-changing burden. From the results of the simulations carried out, it was found that the model and simulation could work well. Changes in load and energy supply can be anticipated by the operation of the battery and also the fuel cell."

"A global demand for energy has forced many countries to search for alternative and renewable energy. An anticipated effect of the development of renewable is an increase in employment as part of new green jobs creation, a major benefit for Indonesia to cope with its high unemployment rate. This paper describes the impact of renewable energy development on the jobs creation in Indonesia. First, we identify current government policies relative to renewable energy. Second, this paper describes the definition of green jobs and what type of jobs might be created due to development of renewable energy. Third, companies in Indonesia currently operating in the renewable energy sector are analyzed for their potential growth. Research is based solely on secondary data analysis. Information publicly available from the government/ministry website was used to examine policies concerning renewable energy. Related journals and articles were used to explore plans for the creation of green jobs, and a database search was conducted to identify companies currently operating in the renewable energy sector. The Kammen et al. (2004) study of Jobs per Megawatt of Capacity identified that the renewable energy installed capacity in 2007 created approximately 14,000 jobs in Indonesia. The potential capacity of renewable energy will create 70,000-190,000 jobs in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKMakalah ini menyajikan analisis mengenai efektivitas kebijakan energiterbarukan dan praktek kebijakannya di Indonesia, dengan mengacu kepadapraktek kebijakan energi terbarukan di Uni Eropa, negara-negara anggota OECD(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) dan negara-negaraBRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China dan South Africa). Tulisan ini membahasfactor-faktor kunci penentu keberhasilan kebijakan pengembangan energiterbarukan dalam konteks Indonesia. Secara keseluruhan, makalah inimemberikan kontribusi untuk memahami kebijakan RE secara umum dan faktorfaktoryang mendorong keberhasilan pelaksanaan RE di Indonesia padakhususnya. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun berbagai kebijakandan program pengembangkan energi terbarukan telah dibuat oleh PemerintahIndonesia, namun realisasinya masih di bawah target yang ditetapkan, sehinggahal ini membawa implikasi serius terhadap keamanan energi nasional.Berdasarkan identifikasi, faktor utama yang menghambat program pengembanganenergi terbarukan di Indonesia adalah hambatan non-ekonomi.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of RE policy and policypractice in Indonesia. It is based on RE policy practices in European Union,OECD and BRICS countries. Discussing key important factors of RE policy inIndonesian context, the study reveals that despite various policies and programswhich the Government of Indonesia has made, the realization of RE deploymentis still under the stated target, which can have implication for the national energysecurity. This might be attributed to non-economic barriers. Overall, this papercontributes to the understanding of RE policies in general and factors encouragingsuccessful implementation of RE in particular."