Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor perilaku keamanan yang memengaruhi niat penggunaan aplikasi mobile banking di Indonesia. Model dibangun dengan mengadopsi teori Technology Threat Avoidance dan self-efficacy. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif didukung oleh kuesioner penelitian yang disusun dengan indikator untuk setiap faktor yang terlibat dalam skala Likert dan dilengkapi dengan pertanyaan seputar demografi. Survei dilakukan kepada 2.030 responden pengguna aplikasi mobile banking di Indonesia. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling dengan aplikasi IBM® SPSS® AMOS versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor mastery experience, emotional state, verbal persuasion, dan safeguard effectiveness memengaruhi avoidance motivation dalam penggunaan mobile banking. Privacy juga ditemukan memengaruhi avoidance motivation dan avoidance behavior dalam penggunaan mobile banking. Avoidance motivation ditemukan memengaruhi avoidance behavior di mana selanjutnya memengaruhi intention to use dalam penggunaan mobile banking. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi tambahan kajian studi berikutnya terkait perilaku keamanan pengguna dalam penggunaan aplikasi mobile banking. Penemuan penelitian diharapkan dapat membantu penyedia layanan mobile banking untuk mengembangkan dan menerapkan kontrol keamanan informasi yang efektif pada mobile banking sesuai dengan perilaku penggunanya.

---

This research aims to analyze security behavioral factors that influence the intention to use mobile banking applications in Indonesia. The model was built by adopting Technology Threat Avoidance Theory and Self-Efficacy Theory. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach supported by a research questionnaire prepared with indicators for each factor involved on a Likert scale and equipped with questions about demographics. The survey was conducted with 2.030 respondents who use mobile banking applications in Indonesia. Data processing was carried out using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling with the IBM® SPSS® AMOS version 26 application. The research results showed that the factors mastery experience, emotional state, verbal persuasion, and safeguard effectiveness influenced avoidance motivation in using mobile banking. Privacy was also found to influence avoidance motivation and avoidance behavior in using mobile banking. Avoidance motivation was found to influence avoidance behavior which in turn influenced intention to use mobile banking. This research can be an addition to future studies regarding user security behavior when using mobile banking applications. The research findings are expected to help mobile banking service providers to develop and implement effective information security controls on mobile banking according to user behavior."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan penerimaan dan penggunaan teknologi terhadap behavioural intention dan use behaviour layanan mobile banking. Pada penelitian ini digunakan modifikasi dari Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (meta-UTAUT) dengan variabel utama berupa performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions dan attitude, serta memasukkan variabel personal innovativeness, anxiety, trust, dan grievance redressal, dan juga menambahkan perceived risk sebagai faktor eksternal.Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah convenience sampling dari pendekatan nonprobability sampling dengan survei yang dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 258 responden, yang merupakan nasabah bank, memiliki aplikasi mobile banking pada smartphone, dan sudah biasa menggunakan aplikasi tersebut. Pengolahan data menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan melakukan tahapan pengukuran dan pengujian hipotesis yang diajukan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa performance expectancy memiliki pengaruh positif pada use behaviour dan pada pembentukan sikap pengguna bersama-sama dengan trust. Social influence, facilitating conditions, dan attitude terbukti memiliki pengaruh positif secara signifikan padabehavioural intention. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa niat perilaku dan perilaku penggunaan terkait layanan mobile banking dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan pengaruh sosial, kondisi internal dan kebutuhan pengguna, serta sangat didukung oleh ekspektasi kinerja dan kondisi yang memfasilitasi layanan mobilebanking.

---

This study aims to analyse the influence of factors related to the acceptance and use of

technology on the behavioural intention and use behaviour of mobile banking services.

This study used a modification of the Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

(meta-UTAUT) with the main variables in the form of performance expectancy, effort

expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and attitude, as well as including

personal innovativeness, anxiety, trust, and grievance redressal variables, and also added

perceived risk as an external factor. The sampling method used was convenience

sampling from a non-probability sampling approach with a survey conducted by

distributing questionnaires to 258 respondents, who are bank customers, have a mobile

banking application on their smartphone, and are used to using the application. Processing

of data using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by measuring and testing the proposed

hypothesis. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that performance expectancy

has a positive influence on use behaviour and on the formation of user attitude together

with trust. Social influence, facilitating conditions, and attitude are proven to have a

significant positive effect on behavioural intention. From the results of the study, it can

be concluded that behavioural intentions and use behaviour related to mobile banking

services can be influenced by factors related to social influences, internal conditions and

user needs, and are strongly supported by performance expectations and conditions that

facilitate mobile banking services."

"Pesatnya perkembangan penggunaan layanan mobile banking (m-banking) tidak hanya mempermudah berbagai aktivitas transaksi, namun juga memicu peningkatan jumlah kasus serangan keamanan dan pencurian data. Pelaku serangan keamanan memanfaatkan informasi pribadi orang lain untuk melakukan serangan rekayasa sosial (social engineering) dan mencuri data atau uang yang terdapat pada sistem m-banking korban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari faktor individu yang memengaruhi information security awareness (ISA) dan bagaimana tingkat ISA tersebut akan memengaruhi intensi dalam menolak serangan social engineering. Penelitian ini menguraikan faktor individu menjadi faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Kemudian, penelitian ini juga menggunakan theory of planned behaviour (TPB) sebagai teori psikologi yang digunakan untuk memprediksi dan menjelaskan perilaku manusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode mix-method yang terdiri dari tiga fase penelitian. Pada fase pertama, dilakukan wawancara terbuka terhadap 18 pengguna m-banking dan analisis tematik untuk pembentukan model. Selanjutnya, fase kedua memvalidasi model penelitian secara empiris dengan menganalisis data survei dari 653 pengguna aplikasi m- banking. Data survei dianalisis dengan menggunakan Covariance-based Structural Equation Model (CB-SEM) dengan bantuan program AMOS 26. Kemudian, pada fase ketiga dilakukan validasi hasil fase kedua untuk mendukung dan memperluas analisis hasil temuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa trust, self-cognitive, information security culture, dan security education, training, and awareness (SETA) Programs berpengaruh positif terhadap ISA. ISA berpengaruh positif terhadap ketiga komponen TPB (attitude, self-efficacy, normative beliefs). Dari ketiga komponen tersebut, didapati bahwa komponen self-efficacy berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap intensi pengguna m-banking untuk menghindari serangan social engineering. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan berkontribusi bagi pengguna m-banking dalam meningkatkan kesadaran keamanan informasi dan juga bagi industri perbankan dalam meningkatkan kualitas layanan dan keamanan m-banking.

---

The rapid development of mobile banking (m-banking) not only facilitates various transaction activities, but also triggers an increase in the number of cases of security attacks and data theft. Perpetrators of security attacks utilize other people's personal information to conduct social engineering attacks and steal data or money contained in the victim's m-banking system. This research aims to study the individual factors that influence information security awareness (ISA) and how this will affect the intention to resist social engineering attacks. This research decomposes individual factors into internal factors and external factors. Then, this research also uses the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a psychological theory used to predict and explain human behavior. This research was conducted using a mix-method research design consisting of three research phases. In the first phase, open-ended interviews with 18 m-banking users and thematic analysis for model building were conducted. Further, the second phase validated the research model empirically by analyzing survey data from 653 m-banking users. The survey data was analyzed using Covariance-based Structural Equation Model (CB-SEM) with the help of AMOS 26 program. Then, in the third phase, the results of the second phase were validated to support and expand the analysis of the findings. The results of this study indicate that trust, self-cognitive, information security culture, and security education, training, and awareness (SETA) programs have a positive effect on ISA. ISA has a positive effect on the three TPB components (attitude, self-efficacy, normative beliefs). Of the three components, it is found that the self-efficacy component has a significant and positive effect on the intention of m-banking users to avoid social engineering attacks. The results of this study are expected to contribute to m-banking users in increasing information security awareness and also for the banking industry in improving service quality and m-banking security."

"Perkembangan teknologi mengakibatkan munculnya satu tren terbaru dalam dunia perbankan, yakni digital banking. Salah satu model pemanfaatan digital banking adalah dengan menggunakan channel mobile, atau dikenal dengan mobile banking. Definisi mobile banking pada penelitian ini adalah layanan atau aplikasi perbankan berbasis perangkat mobile untuk menjalankan berbagai transaksi finansial. Saat ini, mobile banking telah banyak ditawarkan oleh perbankan di Indonesia sebagai salah satu layanan perbankan mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi nasabah perbankan Indonesia dalam menerima layanan mobile banking. Model penelitian dirancang dengan menggunakan beberapa teori penerimaan, yakni Technology Acceptance Model TAM, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology UTAUT, Internet Banking Usage Model IBUM dan DeLone and McLean Information System Success Model, serta beberapa penelitian sebelumnya yang relevan. Metode pengolahan data dilakukan dengan pendekatan Structural Equation Modeling SEM menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak AMOS v22 sebagai. Proses pengumpulan data memperoleh responden penelitian sebanyak 441 responden, dimana data yang valid sebanyak 440 data. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan dan analisis data, terdapat empat faktor yang secara memengaruhi niat untuk menggunakan mobile banking. Keempat faktor tersebut adalah perceived risk, compatibility, perceived usefulness dan service quality.

---

The development of technology resulting in a new trend in the banking industry, digital banking. One way to utilize digital banking is by using the mobile channel, known as mobile banking. The definition of mobile banking in this research is a mobile based banking application or service that enable any financial transaction through it. Nowadays, a lot of Indonesian bank already provide mobile banking as one of their banking service.

This research purpose is to analyse the factors that influencing Indonesian banking customer to accept mobile banking service. Research model are built from several acceptance theories, the theories are Technology Acceptance Model TAM, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology UTAUT, Internet Banking Usage Model IBUM dan DeLone and McLean Information System Success Model, also by adding the past relevant researchs.

The data processing method are conducted by using Structural Equation Modeling approach with AMOS v22 software as its tool. The data collecting process successfully collected data from 441 respondents, with the total of valid data are 400 datas. According to the result of data processing and analysis, there are four factors that influence the intention to use. The factors are perceived risk, compatibility, perceived usefulness and service quality."

"Riset kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi intensi perilaku Generasi X dan Z di Indonesia untuk terus menggunakan layanan mobile banking (continuous use) melalui tinjauan pola penggunaan mobile banking saat ini di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia yang lahir pada tahun 1965-1980 sebagai Generasi X dan 1997-2005 sebagai Generasi Z melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Temuan penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi bank dan institusi yang menyediakan layanan mobile banking untuk lebih memahami faktor-faktor di balik intensi perilaku pengguna dalam rentang usia tertentu (Generasi X dan Z); meliputi manfaat yang dirasakan (perceived usefulness), persepsi kemudahan penggunaan (perceived ease of use), norma subjektif (subjective norms), dan risiko COVID-19 (perceived COVID-19 risk). Data dikumpulkan dari 199 responden yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Partial Least Squares: Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) melalui software SmartPLS. Berdasarkan temuan dari riset ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa seluruh faktor memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap intensi berperilaku untuk terus menggunakan mobile banking, di mana perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil dari dua generasi hanya ditunjukkan oleh dampak positif subjective norms terhadap behavioral intentions dari Gen X yang tidak selaras dengan hasil dari Gen Z yang negatif. Pada hubungan subjective norms dan behavioral intentions secara keseluruhan pun tidak ditemukan efek mediasi perceived usefulness. Bank dan institusi yang menyediakan layanan mobile banking dapat memanfaatkan faktor-faktor yang terbukti berpengaruh positif terhadap intensi kedua generasi untuk terus menggunakan mobile banking.

---

This quantitative descriptive study aims to analyze the factors that influence the behavioral intention of “Generation X and Z” of Indonesia in continuously using mobile banking services by reviewing current patterns of continuous mobile banking use among Indonesians born among 1965-1980 (Gen X) and 1997-2005 (Gen Z) through distribution of questionnaires. The findings of this research allow companies within the fintech industry providing mobile banking services to better understand the factors behind the users’ behavioral intention within a certain age range; these factors include perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, and perceived risks of COVID-19. Data is collected from 199 respondents which is then analyzed using Partial Least Squares: Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method through SmartPLS tool. According to the findings of the research, it is concluded that all factors have a direct influence on behavioral intentions to continuously use mobile banking, yet the result differs only in the area in which subjective norms have a significant positive relationship on behavioral intentions as perceived by Gen X, while it does not appear so for Gen Z. Subjective norms also have no positive impact on the mediator perceived usefulness for both generation, thus, the mediation effect of perceived usefulness between subjective norms and behavioral intentions is not supported by data. Mobile banking providers may take advantages of these factors that are proven to have positive influence on both generations’ intentions to continuously use mobile banking, especially considering that most of the impacts of these factors (subjective norms excluded) are of a similar extent as perceived by both generations."

"Perkembangan teknologi mobile sangat pesat dan diiringi dengan berkembangnya sistem pembayaran. Bank melihat hal ini sebagai kesempatan mengembangkan mobile banking. Mobile banking dalam perkembangannya tidak banyak menarik perhatian dari nasabah padahal mobile banking memiliki keunggulan-keunggulan. Kepercayaan awal adalah kepercayaan yang muncul pada saat pertama kali menggunakan sistem informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor apa yang mempengaruhi kepercayaan awal terhadap penerimaan aplikasi mobile banking. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner dan diperoleh 132 responden. Pengelolaan data dilakukan menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan bantuan tool SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa persepsi kemudahan menggunakan dan jaminan struktural berpengaruh positif terhadap kepercayaan awal, persepsi manfaat berpengaruh positif terhadap niat menggunakan serta kepercayaan awal berpengaruh positif terhadap niat menggunakan.

---

The mobile technology are rapidly improve and is accompanied by the development of the payment system. Banks see this as an opportunity to develop mobile banking. Mobile banking is not attract much attention from customers while mobile banking has advantages. Initial trust is a trust that appears when you first use the system information.

This research aims to determine the factors that influence initial trust to adopt of mobile banking. The research was conducted by questionnaire and spreads obtained 132 respondents. Those data then analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) method with the help of SmartPLS.

The results showed that the perceived ease of use and structural assurance have positif influence towards initial trust, perceived usefulness have positif influence towards usage intention and initial trust have positif influence towards usage intention."

"Mobile banking adalah salah satu teknologi paling menjanjikan yang telah muncul dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dan terbukti memiliki dampak yang cukup besar baik dari sisi perbankan maupun nasabah. Sementara itu, saat ini industri perbankan saling bersaing dalam hal berinvestasi untuk mengembangkan produk mobile banking. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat penggunaan yang selanjutnya dapat meningkatkan kepuasan dan memperkuat loyalitas nasabah pengguna mobile banking di Indonesia menggunakan model the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). Survei ini diikuti oleh 318 responden (pengguna aplikasi mobile banking di Indonesia). Data dianalisis menggunakan SEM berbasis PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa performance expectancy, effort expectancy, dan habit berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap use mobile banking. Selanjutnya, use mobile banking berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap satisfaction dan loyalty, begitu juga satisfaction terhadap loyalty pengguna mobile banking. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi sebagai bahan pertimbangan perumusan kebijakan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat penggunaan serta memberikan insight bagi industri perbankan dalam hal optimalisasi investasi untuk meningkatkan adopsi mobile banking dari pengguna lama yang selanjutnya dapat memberikan keunggulan kompetitif di pasar.

---

Mobile banking is one of the most promising technologies that have emerged in recent years and is proving to have quite an impact on both the banking and customer side. Meanwhile, currently the banking industry is competing with each other in terms of investing to develop mobile banking products. Thus, this study aims to analyze the level of usage which can further increase customer satisfaction and strengthen customer loyalty using mobile banking in Indonesia using the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model. This survey was attended by 318 respondents (users of mobile banking applications in Indonesia). Data were analyzed using PLS-based SEM. The results of the study show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and habit have a positive and significant effect on mobile banking use. Furthermore, the use of mobile banking has a positive and significant effect on satisfaction and loyalty, as well as satisfaction with the loyalty of mobile banking users. This study is expected to contribute to policy formulation considerations to identify factors that influence usage rates and to provide insights for the banking industry in terms of investment optimization to increase mobile banking adoption from existing users, which in turn can provide a competitive advantage in the market.

"

"Dengan kemajuan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi serta munculnya layanan 3G dan 4G oleh perusahaan telekomunikasi, teknologi seluler telah menjadi bagian integral dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Layanan seluler telah diperkenalkan di berbagai sektor termasuk pemerintah, perbankan, healthcare, dan perdagangan. Bank Mandiri, sebagai salah satu entitas penyedia jasa keuangan di Indonesia, memiliki produk layanan keuangan mobile banking dengan nama mandiri online. Penelitian ini menggunakan 115 sampel responden dan bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh perceived trust, perceived ease of use, perceived, perceived usefulness, autonomous motivation dan controlled motivation terhada behavioral intention nasabah dalam menggunakan mobile banking. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pengguna jasa keuangan Bank Mandiri selama 6 enam bulan terakhir. Data diolah dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perceived trust, perceived usefulness dan controlled motivation tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention. Di sisi lain, perceived ease of use dan autonomous motivation memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap behavioral intention.

---

With the advancement of Information and Communication Technology and the emergence of 3G and 4G services by telecom companies, mobile technology has become an integral part of our day to day life. Mobile services have been introduced in many different sectors including government, banking, healthcare, and commerce. Bank Mandiri, as one of financial service intitution in Indonesia, has lauched the product of mobile banking ldquo mandiri online rdquo.

This study user 115 sample respondent and aims to analyze determinants of behavioral intention such to use mobile banking such as perceived trust, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, autonomous motivation and controlled motivation. Data for this research were collected from Bank Mandiri consumers, specifically those who used mobile banking services in the last 6 six months. They were then analyzed using Multiple Linier Regression.

The result of this research shows that perceived trust, perceived usefulness adan controlled motivation does not have significant effect on behavioral intention. Meanwhile, perceived ease of use and autonomous motivation has significant and positive effect on behavioral intention."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor perspektif individu di Indonesia untuk mengadopsi aplikasi mobile banking. Model dibangun dengan mengadopsi teori model E-Government Adoption Model dan Customer Relationship Management. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan kuesioner online yang melibatkan 444 responden pengguna aplikasi mobile banking di Indonesia. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling dengan aplikasi IBM AMOS versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor Health Consciousness, Availability of Resources, Personal Innovativeness dan Perceived Information Quality memengaruhi adopsi aplikasi mobile banking di tahap statis. Selain itu, ditemukan suatu tahapan dapat memengaruhi secara positif tahapan lainnya dalam mengadopsi aplikasi mobile banking. Penemuan penelitian diharapkan dapat membantu tim pengembang aplikasi untuk mempertimbangkan pengembangan fitur yang mendukung setiap tahapan penggunaan. Selain itu, dapat mendorong regulator mempersiapkan peraturan yang mendukung pengembangan.

---

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the individual perspective factors in Indonesia to adopt mobile banking (m-banking) applications. The model was built by adopting the theory of the e-government adoption model and customer relationship management. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative approach with an online questionnaire involving 444 respondents who use m-banking applications in Indonesia. Data are processed using covariance-based structural equation modeling. Findings: The results showed that health consciousness, availability of resources, personal innovativeness and perceived information quality factors influenced the adoption of mobile banking applications in the static stage. In addition, this study found that one adoption stage could positively impact another adoption stage in adopting mbanking applications. Research limitations/implications: The research findings are expected to help the mbanking application development team consider developing features that support each adoption stage. Originality/value: This study fills in the gap to analyse the individual perspective of behavior, culture, and organization to adopt m-banking applications in three stages, namely, static, interaction and transaction stages."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor perspektif individu di Indonesia untuk mengadopsi aplikasi mobile banking. Model dibangun dengan mengadopsi teori model E-Government Adoption Model dan Customer Relationship Management. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif didukung oleh kuesioner penelitian yang disusun dengan indikator untuk setiap faktor yang terlibat dalam skala likert dan dilengkapi dengan pertanyaan seputar demografi. Survei dilakukan kepada 444 responden pengguna aplikasi mobile banking di Indonesia. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling dengan aplikasi IBM® SPSS® AMOS versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor Health Consciousness, Availability of Resources, Personal Innovativeness dan Perceived Information Quality memengaruhi adopsi aplikasi mobile banking di tahap statis. Selain itu, ditemukan suatu tahapan dapat memengaruhi secara positif tahapan lainnya dalam mengadopsi aplikasi mobile banking. Penemuan penelitian diharapkan dapat membantu tim pengembang aplikasi untuk mempertimbangkan pengembangan fitur yang mendukung setiap tahapan penggunaan. Selain itu, dapat mendorong regulator mempersiapkan peraturan yang mendukung pengembangan.

---

This study aims to analyze the individual perspective factors in Indonesia to adopt mobile banking applications. The model is built by adopting the E-Government Adoption Model and Customer Relationship Management Model. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach supported with a research questionnaire which consists of indicators for each factor involved in a likert scale and supplemented with demographic questions. The survey was conducted on 444 respondents who use mobile banking applications in Indonesia. Data processing was carried out with Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling method using IBM® SPSS® AMOS versi 26. The results show that the factors of Health Consciousness, Availability of Resources, Personal Innovativeness and Perceived Information Quality influenced the adoption of mobile banking adoption at static stage. In addition, it was found that one stage could positively influence other stage in adopting mobile banking applications. The research findings are expected to help the application development team to consider developing features that support each stage of usage. Furthermore, it can encourage regulators to prepare regulations that support development."