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"Diketahui bahwa vaksinasi COVID-19 menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian, dan penurunan insiden dari infeksi SARS CoV-2 yang bergejala, namun fenomena yang ditemukan di berbagai negara adalah masih ditemukan infeksi SARS CoV-2 pada perawat yang telah divaksin walau dalam skala kecil. Perlindungan yang ditimbulkan oleh vaksinasi ini, dimediasi melalui interaksi yang kompleks antara imunitas bawaan, humoral, dan imunitas seluler karena itu kekebalan yang dibentuk pun sangat bervariasi dari individu satu ke yang lainnya dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan stres menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan respon imun pada individu yang mendapatkan vaksinasi Pneumococcal Pneumoniae (p<0,03), Influenza (p =0,02) dan Hepatitis B (p <0.001). Stres kerja terus meningkat dan konstan diantara perawat pada kondisi pandemi COVID-19 dan angka kejadian COVID-19 didapat meningkat pada perawat dengan stres kerja (p<0,001). Stres kerja dapat memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian infeksi COVID-19 pada perawat yang telah mendapatkan vaksinasi COVID-19 lengkap.Tujuan : Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian infeksi Sars- CoV-2 diantara perawat yang telah mendapatkan vaksin COVID-19 lengkapMetode penelitian : Penelitian menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan kuesioner daring, terdiri dari kuesioner data diri, faktor komorbid, data okupasi, dan kuesioner ENSS yang terdiri dari 5 skala likert. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk seluruh variabel, dan analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk menentukan variabel bebas mana yang paling berpengaruh.Hasil : Faktor stres kerja adalah faktor determinan untuk kejadian Infeksi Sars-CoV-2 pada populasi perawat yang telah mendapatkan vaksinasi lengkap (OR = 1,5, 95% CI = 1,3 - 1,8; p <0,001fs). Faktor individu dan faktor lain dari pekerjaan, tidak ada yang menjadi faktor determinan terhadap kejadian infeksi Sars CoV-2 di antara perawat yang telah mendapatkan vaksinasi COVID-19 lengkap.

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Introduction. During this pandemic era, nurses experienced a higher level of occupational stress and high exposure to COVID viruses at their workplace. This occupational stress could reduce their immune response, so they are more susceptible to COVID infection. This study aimed to understand the association between occupational stress and the incidence of COVID infection among completely vaccinated nurses (breakthrough infection).

Method. This was a cross-sectional study in which 161 nurses at the main referral hospital for COVID-19 in Pekanbaru were involved. We compare the incidence of breakthrough infections among nurses with high occupational stress and low occupational stress using the Extended Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) questionnaire which were taken during February to April 2022. We also analyzed the individual and other occupational factors with the incidence of COVID breakthrough infections. Analysis was performed using fisher’s exact and chi-square bivariate analysis.

Results. A total of 17.4 % COVID-19 breakthrough infection was occurred in this study. Overall ENSS mean score is 58.39 (±30.56). About 49.7% of respondents with high occupational stress and the rest were low level. We found that high occupational stress is significantly associated with breakthrough infections (OR = 1.5; 95% CI : 1.3-1.8 p<0.001) among nurses. Individual factors such as age, gender, nutritional status, and marital status, as well as occupational-related factors, such as night shift and working unit, have no association with the breakthrough infection (p>0.05).

Conclusion. Occupational stress becomes the main contributor to infection among nurses who have been completely vaccinated. Thus, stress management is important to be enacted within the hospital to mitigate COVID infections on top of mandatory vaccination among healthcare workers. Future studies are needed to establish a robust connection between occupational stress in post-vaccinated nurses, particularly through thorough quantitative titer antibody assessment and prospective study method."

"Pengetahuan mengenai vaksinasi COVID-19 penting untuk diketahui agar pemberian vaksinasi COVID-19 dapat dimaksimalkan, khususnya pada remaja. Hal ini karena berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya dikatakan bahwa pengetahuan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kecemasan seseorang terhadap pelaksanaan pemberian vaksinasi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan tingkat kecemasan remaja terhadap pemberian vaksinasi COVID-19. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu cross sectional dengan melibatkan responden sebanyak 293 remaja di JABOTABEK yang didapatkan secara network sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan mencakup instrument Pengetahuan Mengenai Vaksinasi COVID-19 dan Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Hasil penelitian didapatkan rerata skor pengetahuan remaja mengenai vaksinasi COVID-19 yaitu 6.18 dari total skor 8 (CI 95%, median 6) dan rerata tingkat kecemasan remaja yaitu 6.78 dari total skor 56 (CI 95%, median 4). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan sebagian besar remaja tidak mengalami kecemasan yaitu sebanyak 251 orang (85.7%). Hasil analisis menggunakan uji Krusskal Wallis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan pengetahuan yang bermakna (p=0.939 > α=0.05) terkait vaksinasi COVID-19 antara tingkat kecemasan remaja terhadap pemberian vaksinasi COVID-19.

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Knowledge about COVID-19 vaccination is important to know so that the provision of COVID-19 vaccination can be maximized, especially for adolescents. This is because based on the results of previous studies, it is said that knowledge is one of the factors that can affect a person's level of anxiety about the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of anxiety of adolescents on the provision of COVID-19 vaccination. The research design used was cross sectional involving 293 teenagers in JABOTABEK who were obtained by network sampling. The research instruments used include the Knowledge Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination instrument and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The results showed that the average score of adolescent knowledge about COVID-19 vaccination was 6.18 out of a total score of 8 (95% CI, median 6) and the average adolescent anxiety level was 6.78 out of a total score of 56 (95% CI, median 4). The results also showed that most of the adolescents did not experience anxiety, as many as 251 people (85.7%). The results of the analysis using the Krusskal Wallis test showed that there was no significant differences of knowledge (p=0.939 > =0.05) among the scales of anxiety about COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents."

"COVID-19 merupakan penyakit menular pada saluran pernapasan yang muncul sejak akhir tahun 2019. Salah satu upaya dalam menangani COVID-19 adalah melalui vaksinasi. Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) dapat dirasakan oleh sebagian penerima vaksin COVID-19. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian ikutan pasca vaksinasi COVID-19 dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian tersebut di Puskesmas Kelurahan Jatiwaringin-Jati Cempaka. Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan melalui kuesioner daring. Kuesioner penelitian yang digunakan telah melalui uji validasi. KIPI vaksin COVID-19 diamati pada 200 responden penelitian yang menerima vaksin Sinovac, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, dan Moderna. Sebagian besar responden mengalami KIPI setelah menerima vaksin COVID-19. KIPI vaksin COVID-19 yang paling banyak dilaporkan adalah nyeri/pegal pada tempat suntikan (19,29%), peningkatan rasa kantuk (12,89%), lelah/lesu/kurang bertenaga (10,22%), demam (9,51%), nyeri sendi/otot (7,73%), serta meriang/menggigil dan sakit kepala (6,13%). Kejadian ini paling umum dialami penerima vaksin Moderna, setelah penyuntikan dosis ketiga, perempuan, berusia < 60 tahun, memiliki indeks massa tubuh (IMT) rendah-normal < 25, dan dengan komorbid. KIPI vaksin COVID-19 dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Jenis dan dosis vaksin mempengaruhi kejadian ikutan demam, lokal, neuromuskular-skeletal, dan saraf. Jenis kelamin dan komorbid mempengaruhi kejadian ikutan lokal. Usia mempengaruhi kejadian ikutan demam dan neuromuskular-skeletal, sedangkan IMT tidak mempengaruhi seluruh kejadian ikutan pasca vaksinasi COVID-19 yang diamati.

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COVID-19 is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract that has emerged since the end of 2019. One of the efforts to deal with COVID-19 is through vaccination. Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) can be perceived by some recipients of the COVID-19 vaccine. This study aimed to analyze the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination and the factors influencing the incident at Jatiwaringin-Jati Cempaka Community Health Center. An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted through an online questionnaire. The research questionnaire used has gone through a validation test. The COVID-19 vaccine AEFI was observed in 200 study respondents who received Sinovac, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Moderna vaccines. Most of the respondents experienced AEFIs after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The most commonly reported adverse events were pain/soreness at the injection site (19.29%), increased drowsiness (12.89%), fatigue/lethargy/lack of energy (10.22%), fever (9, 51%), and joint/muscle pain (7.73%). The events were most common in Moderna vaccine recipients, people after the third dose injection, women, people aged < 60 years, people with a low-normal body mass index (BMI) < 25, and people with comorbidities. The COVID-19 vaccine AEFI can be influenced by several factors. The type and dose of vaccine affected the incidence of fever, local, neuromuscular-skeletal, and nervous system events. Gender and comorbidities affected local events. Age affected the incidence of fever and neuromuscular-skeletal events, while BMI did not affect any observed adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination."

"Tingkat keraguan dan penolakan terhadap vaksin Covid-19 di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi. Tercatat bahwa sekitar 30 - 40% responden pada survei penerimaan vaksin di Indonesia menyatakan ragu dan menolak untuk menerima vaksin Covid-19. Di sisi lain, tingkat keyakinan dan agama juga memiliki peranan penting dalam penerimaan vaksin di Indonesia. Edukasi mengenai Covid-19 dan vaksin Covid-19 melalui media sosial pemerintah menjadi salah satu cara yang digunakan pemerintah untuk memberikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan mengenai Covid-19 dan vaksin Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan kampanye Covid-19 dan vaksin Covid-19 pada media sosial pemerintah dalam mengedukasi dan memberikan kesadaran yang dapat mendorong niatan untuk menerima vaksin Covid-19. Antara April hingga Juni 2021, penelitian ini berhasil mengumpulkan total 507 data valid. Dipandu oleh Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kampanye kesehatan pada media sosial pemerintah dapat memengaruhi niatan masyarakat untuk menerima vaksin covid-19 melalui faktor PMT yaitu threat appraisal, dan efficacy belief. Hasil pengujian terhadap variabel keyakinan dan agama juga menemukan bahwa responden yang memiliki keyakinan bahwa vaksin mengandung zat yang dilarang oleh keyakinan/agama cenderung lebih terpengaruh oleh kampanye kesehatan untuk menerima vaksin Covid-19. Lebih lanjut, implikasi secara praktikal juga akan menjadi pembahasan pada penelitian ini.

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The level of doubt and rejection of the Covid-19 vaccine in Indonesia is still relatively high. It was noted that around 30-40% of respondents in the survey of vaccine acceptance in Indonesia expressed doubt and refused to receive the Covid-19 vaccine. On the other hand, the level of belief and religion also has an important role in the acceptance of vaccines in Indonesia. Education about Covid-19 and the Covid-19 vaccine through government social media is one of the ways the government uses to provide understanding and knowledge about Covid-19 and the Covid-19 vaccine. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out the role of the Covid-19 campaign and the Covid-19 vaccine on government social media in educating and providing awareness that can encourage intentions to receive the Covid-19 vaccine. Between April and June 2021, this study managed to collect a total of 507 valid data. Guided by the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), the results of this study found that health campaigns on government social media can influence people's intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine through PMT factors, namely threat appraisal, and efficacy belief. The results of testing on the variables of belief and religion also found that respondents who believed that the vaccine contained substances prohibited by faith/religion tended to be more affected by the health campaign to receive the Covid-19 vaccine. Furthermore, practical implications will also be discussed in this study."

"Penyebaran informasi memang terbilang cukup cepat selama pandemi Covid-19. Informasi tersebut hadir bukan hanya tentang kebenaran vaksin Covid-19, tetapi informasi hoaks. Seiring dengan faktor media sosial dan diskusi lingkungan sekitar dapat mempengaruhi persepsi individu terhadap vaksin Covid-19. Selain itu, penyebaran informasi yang berlimpah memberikan penilaian publik terhadap informasi hoaks. Dengan adanya persepsi tersebut akan membentuk sikap publik terhadap vaksinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penilaian sosial publik terhadap vaksin pasca menerima informasi hoaks vaksin Covid-19 dan bagaimana sikap publik terbentuk setelah adanya penilaian sosial terhadap informasi hoaks vaksin Covid-19. Konsep persepsi publik, pembentukan sikap, dan teori penilaian sosial dari Muzafer Sherif menjadi pisau analisis penelitian. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode studi kasus intrinsik (intrinsik case study). Pengumupulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap tiga informan. Adapun Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa publik memiliki penilaian terhadap informasi hoaks vaksin Covid-19 dan memiliki persepsi terhadap vaksin Covid-19 yang beragam di media sosial. Persepsi tersebut yang kemudian membuat publik menentukan sikap untuk vaksinasi atau tidak. Temuan penelitian ini memaparkan bahwa terdapat informan yang menerima sikap untuk vaksinasi dan informan yang menolak sikap untuk vaksinasi. Kedua sikap tersebut dibentuk oleh penilaian sosial yang mereka dapatkan di media sosial.

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The spread of information was fairly fast during the Covid-19 pandemic. The information is present not only about the truth of the Covid-19 vaccine, but hoax information. Along with social media factors and environmental discussions can affect a person's perception of the Covid-19 vaccine. In addition, the abundant dissemination of information provides a public assessment of hoax information. With this perception will shape the public's attitude towards vaccination. This study aims to find out how the public's social assessment of vaccines after receiving Covid-19 vaccine hoax information and how people's attitudes are formed after social assessment of Covid-19 vaccine hoax information. The concept of public perception, attitude formation, and sheriff Muzafer's theory of social judgment became the knife of research analysis. This article uses qualitative approaches and intrinsic case study methods. The data was conducted with in-depth interviews with three informants. The results showed that the public had an assessment of the Covid-19 vaccine hoax information and had a diverse perception of the Covid-19 vaccine on social media. This perception then makes the public determine the attitude towards vaccination or not. The findings of this study explain that there are informants who accept attitudes toward vaccination and informants who reject attitudes towards vaccination. Both attitudes are shaped by the social judgment they get on social media."

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ABSTRAK

 

Nama : Rachmawati Ayu Azhariya

Program Studi : Magister Kedokteran Kerja, FKUI

Judul: Pengaruh Stres Kerja Berat Terhadap Kecenderungan Gangguan

  Mental Emosional Pada Staf Manajerial Perusahaan Penanaman 

  Modal Asing

 

Latar belakang

Staf manajerial merupakan aset krusial sebuah Perusahaan karena peranannya dalam memimpin, mengatur, merencanakan dan mengelola sumber daya guna mencapai tujuan Perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, staf manajerial diharapkan sehat baik secara fisik, mental dan sosial.

 

Tujuan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan stres kerja berat dengan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional pada staf manajerial.

 

Metode

Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016 di Perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing di Jawa Barat menggunakan metode comparative cross sectional. Stres kerja diukur dengan kuesioner Suvei Diagnosis Stres (SDS) sedangkan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional dinilai dengan kuesioner Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90). Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini adalah 105 orang yang terlebih dahulu diminta mengisi kuesioner stres kerja. Kemudian untuk menilai kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional, sebanyak 30 responden dipilih secara acak dari masing-masing kelompok stres kerja ringan-sedang dan stres kerja berat dan diminta mengisi kuesioner SCL-90.

 

Hasil

Prevalensi stres kerja berat pada karyawan manajerial adalah sebesar 35,2%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara stres kerja berat dengan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 47; 95% CI 7,37-300,17; p<0,001). Komponen stresor kerja yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan gangguan mental emosional adalah beban kerja kualitatif (OR 10,67; 95%CI 1,03–109,94; p 0,047) dan perkembangan karir (OR 10,83; 95%CI 1,03–114,15; p 0,047). Pendidikan merupakan faktor individu yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 0,17; 95% CI 0,03-0,83; p 0,029). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor pekerjaan terhadap terjadinya kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional.

 

Kata kunci: stres kerja, gangguan mental emosional, manajer

 

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ABSTRACT

 

Name               : Rachmawati Ayu Azhariya

Study Program: Postgraduate program on Occupational Medicine,

              Universitas Indonesia

Title                 : Association of Severe Occupational Stress with Mental Emotional  

              Disorder Tendency among Managerial Staff at a Foreign Cooperation

 

Background

Managerial staff are a crucial asset for their role in lead, organize, plan and manage resources to achieve the Company's objectives. Therefore, managerial staff are expected to be healthy physically, mentally and socially.

 

Objective

This study aims to determine the relationship of severe occupational stress with mental emotional disorder tendency among managerial staff.

 

Method

This study used a comparative cross-sectional design. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of mental emotional disorder tendency in both group with mild-moderate and severe occupational stress. Based on the sample calculation, required respondents from each group are 30 people. Previously, a descriptive study was conducted to sort the respondents into mild-moderate and severe occupational stress. A total of 105 respondents were randomly selected from the total population of 220 people. Respondents were asked to do self-rating survey with SDS (Stress Diagnostic Survey) questionnaire which assess the occupational stress. Furthermore, 30 respondents were randomly selected from each group of mild-moderate and severe occupational stress to assess the tendency of mental emotional disorder. Symptoms Check List 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire was used to measure the tendency of mental emotional disorders.

 

Result

The prevalence of severe occupational stress on managerial staff is 35.2%. There was a significant association between severe occupational stress with the tendency of mental emotional disorder (OR 47; 95% CI 7.37-300.17; p <0.001). Components of occupational stressors which statistically significant with mental emotional disorder is the qualitative workload (OR 10.67; 95% CI 1.03-109.94; p 0.047) and career development (OR 10.83; 95% CI 1.03 -114.15; p 0.047). Education is the individual factor statistically significant against the tendency of mental emotional disorder (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.83; p 0.029). There was no significant relationship between work factors with the tendency of mental emotional disorder.

 

 

Keyword: occupational stress, mental emotional disorder, manager.

 

 

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"ABSTRAKStres kerja adalah respons disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara tuntutan yang dirasakan dan sumber daya yang dimiliki dengan kemampuan individu untuk mengatasi tuntutan-tuntutan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan adanya stres kerja pada pekerja hulu minyak bumi di Pertamina Hulu Energi Offshore Southeast Sumatra dan faktor-faktor terkait stres kerja. Faktor-faktor yang diteliti adalah faktor individu (usia, status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan, dan penilaian diri), faktor pekerjaan (unit kerja, status kepegawaian, masa kerja, jadwal kerja, dukungan sosial, konflik interpersonal, tuntutan pekerjaan, dan beban kerja), dan faktor lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan instrumen kuesioner. 68 pekerja berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 52,9% responden mengalami stres kerja. Ditemukan pula hubungan antara area kerja dengan stres kerja, dan hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan stres kerja.

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ABSTRACT

Occupational stress is response caused by an imbalance between perceived demands and available resources with individual abilities to cope with those demands. The aim of this study is to explain an occupational stress condition within upstream oil workers in Pertamina Hulu Energi Offshore Southeast Sumatra. Observed factors are individual factors (age, marriage status, education level, and self-assessment), occupational factors (work unit, employment status, work period, work schedule, social support, workplace conflict, job demand, and workload), and environmental factors. This is a cross-sectional study using self-reported questionnaires as an instrument. 68 workers participated in this study. The result of this study reports that 52,9% of respondents experience occupational stress. The result also shows a relationship between work unit and occupational stress, and relationship between social support and occupational stress."