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"Pada penelitian ini digunakan variasi prekursor senyawa azida aromatik untuk menyintesis turunan 1,4-dihidropiridin dan variasi prekursor senyawa aldehida aromatik untuk menyintesis 1,4-dihidropiridin triazol hibrida kalkon. Pada sintesis 1,4- dihidropiridin bermotif 1,2,3-triazol melalui reaksi propargilasi, kondensasi Hantzsch, dan sikloadisi azida-alkuna, sedangkan pada sintesis hibrida 1,4-dihidropiridin kalkon bermotif 1,2,3-triazol melalui reaksi kondensasi Claisen-Schmidt. Sintesis menggunakan variasi prekursor dengan tujuan membandingkan hasil yield produk dan keberhasilan sintesis dengan mengubah struktur senyawa induknya. Produk-produk pada penelitian ini diharapkan bisa menjadi referensi dalam menyintesis suatu senyawa kalkon baru dengan gugus dihidropiridin dan triazol sebagai cincin penghubung. Didapatkan massa dan yield produk : dihidropiridin-triazol etil 4-benzoat (0,258 g; yield 94,37%), dihidropiridin- triazol-4-asetil (0,539 g; yield 93,90%), dihidropiridin-triazol-kalkon(tiofena) (0,054 g; yield 32,33%), dihidropiridin-triazol-ka lkon(t rans-s inam aldeh ida) (0,096 g; yield 57,48%). Produk-produk senyawa tersebut dikarakterisasi dengan instrumen titik leleh, FTIR, LC-MS/MS, dan NMR. Dengan demikian maka variasi dari azido aromatik tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap yield produk dihidropiridin-triazol, sedangkan variasi aldehida aromatik berpengaruh terhadap yield produk dihidropiridin-triazol-kalkon.

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In this study, a variety of aromatic azide compound precursors were used to synthesise 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives and a variety of aromatic aldehyde compound precursors to synthesise 1,4-dihydropyridine triazole hybrid chalcones. In the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine patterned 1,2,3-triazole through propargylation reaction, Hantzsch condensation, and azide-alkyne cycloaddition, while in the synthesis of 1,4- dihydropyridine chalcone hybrid patterned 1,2,3-triazole through Claisen-Schmid t condensation reaction. The synthesis used a variety of precursors with the aim of comparing product yields and the success of synthesis by changing the structure of the parent compound. The products in this study are expected to be a reference in synthesising a new chalcone compound with dihydropyridine and triazole groups as connecting rings. The mass and yield of the products: dihydropyridine-triazole ethyl 4-benzoate (0.258 g; yield 94.37%), dihydropyridine-triazole-4-a cety l (0.539 g; yield 93.90%), dihydropyridine-triazole-chalcone(thiophene) (0.054 g; yield 32.33%), dihydropyridine- triazole-chalcone(trans-cinnamaldehyde) (0.096 g; yield 57.48%). The products were characterised by melting point, FTIR, LC-MS/MS, and NMR instruments. Thus, the variation of aromatic azido does not affect the yield of dihydropyridine-triazole product, while the variation of aromatic aldehyde affects the yield of dihydropyridine-triazole- chalcone product."

"Sintesis Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica dengan jembatan biphenylene telah berhasil dilakukan menggunakan metode sol gel dengan kehadiran surfaktan sebagai template. Selanjutnya fungsionalisasi Bph-PMO dengan gugus amina telah berhasil dilakukan dengan dua langkah reaksi kimia yaitu reaksi nitrasi menggunakan HNO3 65%/H2SO4 96% dan reduksi menggunakan menggunakan SnCl2/HCl 37%. Hasil sintesis kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, XRD, dan TEM EDX. Karakterisasi TEM mengkonfirmasi struktur material Bph-PMO memiliki struktur mesopori 2D hekasogonal dengan periodisitas molekuler, setelah difungsionalisasi dengan ukuran rata-rata diamater partikel sebesar 223.7 nm. Modifikasi permukaan pada NH2-Bph-PMO dengan nanopartikel perak telah dilakukan dengan metode impregnasi dan reduksi menggunakan AgNO3 sebagai prekursor perak dan NaBH4 sebagai agen pereduksi. Hasil karakterisasi XRD mengkonfirmasi keberadaan nanopartikel perak pada nilai 2θ = 38.1o, 44.2o, 64.5o dan 77,4o. Perhitungan besar ukuran kristal rata-rata dari nanopartikel perak dalam Ag/NH2-Bph-PMO adalah 8,05 nm berdasarkan persamaan Debye- Scherer. Kemampuan adsorpsi CO2 pada material Bph-PMO, NH2-Bph-PMO dan Ag/NH2-Bph-PMO ditentukan menggunakan metode titrimetri. Banyaknya CO2 yang teradsorpsi selama 15 menit dari masing masing material adalah 33.44, 8.392, dan 16.4 mmol. Reaksi karboksilasi fenilasetilena dengan CO2 dilakukan dengan variasi suhu (25oC, 50oC, dan 70oC). Hasil reaksi dianalisa menggunakan HPLC dan menunjukkan %konversi terbaik pada suhu 50oC yaitu 46.74%.

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Synthesis of Biphenyl Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica (Bph-PMO) has been successfully carried out using the sol gel method in the presence of surfactants as a template. Furthermore, the functionalization of Bph-PMO with an amine group has been successfully carried out with two steps of a chemical reaction, nitration reaction (HNO3 65%/H2SO4 96%) and reduction (SnCl2/HCl 37%). Results of the synthesis were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and TEM EDX. TEM characterization confirmed that Bph-PMO material having a 2D hekasogonal mesoporous structure with molecular periodicity, after functionalized the material have average particle size of 223.7 nm. Surface modification of NH2-Bph-PMO with silver nanoparticles has been carried out by impregnation and reduction method using AgNO3 as a silver precursor and NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The result of XRD characterization confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles at 2θ = 38.1o, 44.2o, 64.5o and 77.4o. Based of Debye-Scherer Calculation the average crystal size of silver nanoparticles in Ag/NH2-Bph-PMO is 8.05 nm. The capacity adsorption of CO2 on Bph-PMO, NH2-Bph-PMO and Ag/NH2-Bph-PMO materials was determined using the titrimetry method. The amount of CO2 adsorbed for 15 minutes from each material is 33.44, 8,392 and 16.4 mmol. The carboxylation reaction of phenyl acetylene with CO2 was carried out with variation of temperature (25oC, 50oC, and 70oC). The results of the reaction were analyzed using HPLC and showed the best conversion at 50oC at 46.74%."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes mellitus tipe 2 dapat diatasi dengan manajemen gaya hidup dan obat lini pertama seperti metformin, akan tetapi efektivitasnya menurun apabila sering digunakan. Obat golongan inhibitor DPP-4 menjadi perhatian karena mampu mengontrol gula darah lebih baik serta mampu mengatasi kekurangan obat lini pertama, meskipun dapat menyebabkan efek samping lain akibat ketidakselektivitasnya. Dalam rangka memperoleh senyawa inhibitor DPP-4 baru, dirancang untuk disintesis senyawa 2-([4-okso-(2-{N-metilpiperazin-1-il}metil)kuinazolin-3-il]amino)benzonitril. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh senyawa antara tahap 1 dan tahap 2 dari rancangan tersebut. Pertama, asam antranilat direaksikan dengan penambahan bromoasetilbromida secara perlahan pada suhu 0⁰C, diaduk dan dibiarkan selama 12 jam pada suhu ruang. Kedua, senyawa hasil sintesis tahap 1 direaksikan dengan N-metilpiperazin menggunakan refluks selama 4-5 jam pada suhu 57ºC. Senyawa hasil sintesis dilakukan pemurnian dan diuji kemurniannya menggunakan KLT dan titik lebur serta dielusidasi menggunakan FT-IR Hasil elusidasi menunjukkan bahwa gugus amida dan ikatan C-Br telah terbentuk dan hasil elusidasi pada sintesis tahap 2 menunjukkan bahwa ikatan C-Br tidak teramati dan muncul ikatan C-N, C-H alifatik dan gugus karboksilat terionisasi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, senyawa tahap 1 dan tahap 2 telah berhasil disintesis, akan tetapi perlu dianalisis dengan teknik spektroskopi lainnya.

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ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus type 2 can be overcome by having life management and taking first-line drugs, such as metformin, but the effectivity decreases when it is used frequently. Some DPP-4 inhibitors become a concern because they can control glucose levels better, and overcome the side effects of first-line drugs, however, it can cause other side effects. In order to obtain new DPP-4 inhibitor compounds, the compound are designed to be a synthesized 2-([2-({N-methlpiperazine-1-yl}methyl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3-yl]amino)benzonitrile compound. The purpose is to obtain intermediate compounds of stages 1 and 2. First, anthranilic acid is reacted by slowly adding bromoacetylbromide at 0⁰C, stirred, and left for 12 hours at room temperature. Second, the stage 1 compound is being reacted with N-methylpiperazine by reflux for 4-5 hours at 57⁰C. The synthesized compounds are purified and evaluated using TLC, and melting point, and elucidated using the FT-IR. Elucidation results shows that the amide group and the C-Br bond has been formed and results for stage 2 synthesis shows that the C-Br bond was not observed and the C-N bond, aliphatic C-H bond, and ionized carboxylic groups were emerged. Based on the results, the compounds have been successfully synthesized, but need to be examined by other spectroscopic techniques."

"Pachydermin, an oxylated tetramic acid with 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent, was isolated from Chamonixia pachydermis plant, a basidiomycete of New Zealand. Its degradation product exhibits antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, and the derivatives of pachydermin are anticipated to have similar potentials. In this work, a novel approach to synthesize 3-methyl-5-nitrobenzyl β,β-diketoester was developed as a derivative of the natural product pachydermin. The synthetic route began with the synthesis of N-benzylated β,β-diketoester as the key structural moiety, from glycine methyl ester as the starting material. subsequently, oxalyl subunit was inserted, as well as other acyl/alkyl subunits at C-3 position of the β,β-diketoester ring via acylation/alkylation reactions leading to the required intermediates towards pachydermin and its derivatives. alkene functionalities at C-5 position could then be introduced using different alkyl or aryl aldehydes, with the aid of different bases which included diisopropylamine, NaH, Et3N, K2CO3 as well as ionic liquids. insertions of methyl and 4-nitrobenzylidene functionalities at C3- and C5-positions, respectively, were highlighted for the synthesis of the target derivative. selective decarboxylation, ester hydrolysis and N-benzyl deprotection should lead to the required target compound and derivatives. all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by the mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy."

"Kurkumin sebagai senyawa alami yang memiliki aktivitas biologis yang beragam salah satunya antioksidan dan banyak digunakan sebagai senyawa obat. Akan tetapi, aplikasi kurkumin sebagai senyawa obat belum dapat optimal karena memiliki masalah pada stabilitas dan profil farmakokinetik yang buruk. Untuk memperbaiki masalah tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan memodifikasi struktur kurkumin menjadi analog kurkumin monokarbonil non-simetri yang bermotif 1,2,3-triazol. Pada penelitiaan ini, senyawa analog kurkumin monokarbonil disintesis dengan beberapa prinsip reaksi seperti propargilasi, kondensasi Claisen- Schmidt, dan sikloadisi azida-alkuna dengan variasi azido aromatik untuk membentuk cincin triazol. Senyawa hasil sintesis akan dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom dan diidentifikasi dengan KLT serta dikarakterisasi dengan uji titik leleh, HRMS, FTIR, dan NMR. Hasil sintesis senyawa produk akhir memiliki rendemen berturut-turut untuk senyawa triazol 4-NO2 monokarbonil kurkumin 4- OCH3, triazol 4-Cl monokarbonil kurkumin 4-OCH3, triazol 4-COCH3 monokarbonil kurkumin 4-OCH3 adalah 70%; 83%; 86%, serta uji aktivitas antioksidan seluruh senyawa produk akhir terhadap radikal DPPH berturut-turut menunjukkan nilai inhibisi sebesar 68,17%; 73,35%; 71,94%.

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Curcumin is a natural compound that has various biological activities, one of which is antioxidant and is widely used as a medicinal compound. However, the application of curcumin as a medicinal compound has not been optimal because it has problems with stability and a poor pharmacokinetic profile. To fix this problem, it can be done by modifying the structure of curcumin into a non-symmetrical monocarbonyl analog curcumin with a 1,2,3-triazole pattern. In this research, a monocarbonyl curcumin analog compound was synthesized using several reaction principles such as propargylation, Claisen-Schmidt condensation, and azide-alkyne cycloaddition with various aromatic azidos to form a triazole ring. The synthesized compound will be purified by column chromatography and identified by TLC. It will also be characterized by melting point, HRMS, FTIR, and NMR tests. The results of the synthesis of the final product compounds showed successive yields for triazole 4-NO2 monocarbonyl curcumin 4-OCH3, triazole 4-Cl monocarbonyl curcumin 4-OCH3, and triazole 4-COCH3 monocarbonyl curcumin 4-OCH3 of 70%, 83%, and 86%, respectively. The antioxidant activity test of all compounds of the final product against DPPH radicals showed inhibition value of 68.17%, 73.35%, 71.94%, respectively."

"Senyawa turunan tiazolidin merupakan senyawa heterosiklik dengan atom nitrogen dan sulfur dalam struktur cincinnya yang dikenal memiliki aktivitas biologis, yaitu antioksidan, antitumor, anti-inflamasi, antimikorba, dan anti-hiperglikemia. Pada penelitian kali ini akan dilakukan sintesis senyawa turunan tiazolidin yang berasal dari 3- asetilpiridin dan memiliki subtituen aldehid aromatik dari senyawa sinamaldehid, benzaldehida, dan 4-hidroksi benzaldehida. Produk senyawa turunan tiazolidin ini diidentifikasi menggunakan KLT dan uji titik leleh, serta dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dan Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Senyawa yang terbentuk dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan produk 3-asetilpiridin tiosemikarbazon dengan persen rendemen sebesar 73,83%, 3-asetilpiridin tiazolidin-4-on sebesar 38,39%. turunan 3- asetilpiridin tiazolidin-4-on sinamaldehida sebesar 4,61%, turunan 3-asetilpiridin tiazolidin-4-on benzaldehida sebesar 15,82%, dan turunan 3-asetilpiridin tiazolidin-4-on 4-hidroksi benzaldehida sebesar 21,42%. Kemampuan antioksidan senyawa ditinjau dari nilai IC50 dimana senyawa 3-asetilpiridin tiazolidin-4-on sebesar 452,11 ppm, turunan 3-asetilpiridin tiazolidin-4-on sinamaldehida sebesar 1553,52 ppm, turunan 3- asetilpiridin tiazolidin-4-on benzaldehida sebesar 3484,42 ppm, dan turunan 3- asetilpiridin tiazolidin-4-on 4-hidroksi benzaldehida sebesar 1542,78 ppm.

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Thiazolidine derivative compounds are heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen and sulfur atom in their ring structure which are known to have biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperglycemic. In this study, the synthesis of thiazolidine derivatives derived from 3-acetylpyridine and aromatic aldehyde substituents from cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde compounds will be carried out. Thiazolidine derivative product was identified using TLC and melting point test, and characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The compounds formed were tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. In this study, 3-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone was obtained with a yield 73.83%, 3-acetylpyridine thiazolidine-4- one were 38.39%. the 3-acetylpyridine thiazolidine-4-one derivative of cinnamaldehyde were 4.61%, the 3-acetylpyridine thiazolidine-4-one benzaldehyde derivative were 15.82%, and the 3-acetylpyridine thiazolidine-4-one 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde derivative were 21.42 %. The antioxidant ability of the compound was assessed from the IC50 value where the 3-acetylpyridine thiazolidine-4-one compound was 452.11 ppm, 3- acetylpyridine thiazolidine-4-one derivative of cinnamaldehyde was 1553.52 ppm, 3- acetylpyridine thiazolidine-4-one derivative of benzaldehyde was 3484.42 ppm, and derivatives of 3-acetylpyridine thiazolidine-4-one 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde was 1542.78 ppm."

"In his thesis, Xiaoyu Sun conducts the first total synthesis of all possible stereoisomers of plakortide E and also confirms the absolute configuration of natural plakortide E. Xiaoyu Sun subsequently converts plakortide E methyl ester to plakortone B in a biomimetic conversion. Construction and functionalization of cyclic peroxides are notoriously difficult due to the very low O-O bond dissociation energy. Plaktoride E is isolated from the Jamaican marine sponge platorits halichondrioides and contains a five-membered peroxide ring, with oxygen atoms linked to tertiary C4 and C6 centers. The methodology used for synthesizing highly substituted cyclic peroxides is novel and useful, and not only extends the field of Pd-catalyzed reactions, but also provides a convenient synthetic approach for the preparation of the 1,2-dioxolanes series. Plakortide E and plakortone B are bioactive, which means that the synthetic studies on them and their analogs are pivotal in drug discovery."

"Senyawa turunan pirimidin telah berhasil disintesis dari dimedon, aldehida aromatis (Benzaldehid dan vanilin) dan kelompok urea (urea dan tiourea) melalui reaksi kondensasi Biginelli. Produk yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan instrumentasi spektroskopi UV-Vis, FTIR, GC-MS dan 1H-NMR. Pada reaksi tersebut digunakan katalis Fe3O4@asam sitrat yang telah dikonfirmasi dengan instrumentasi FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX dan PSA. Berdasarkan optimasi reaksi yang dilakukan pada 4-fenil-7,7-dimetil-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-oktahidroquinazolin-2-tion (senyawa 1) adalah pelarut etanol, suhu refluks etanol, waktu reaksi 60 menit dan jumlah katalis 7,5 %wt sebesar 57 %.

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Pyrimidin derivatives were successfully synthesized by reacting dimedone, aromatic aldehyde (benzaldehyde and vanilin) and urea group (urea and thiourea) through Biginelli condensation. The characterization of three product were performed by FTIR, UV-Vis, GC-MS and 1H-NMR instrumentations. In addition, Fe3O4@citric acid catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX and PSA. The optimum condition for 4-phenil-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-quinazolin-2- tion (compound 1) were in ethanol solvent, reflux temperature, 60 minutes of time reaction and 7,5 % wt of catalyst with yield amount 57 %."