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"This study aims to analyse the effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population toward unemployment in the D-8 Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries over the period, 1991 to 2020. The quantitative approach uses techniques analysis of panel data regression. The study result shows a significant simultaneous effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population on unemployment of D-8 OIC member countries. While partially, trade openness has a significant positive effect on unemployment, wages, economic growth, and inflation have a significant negative relationship with unemployment. The population has a significant positive effect on unemployment. Overall, the result implies that each OIC member country should promote an effective and strategic plan to enhance the demand for labour and employment. Furthermore, professional courses and vocational training should be initiated to fulfil the growing demand for skilled labour."

"ABSTRAKRomer (1993) bahwa terdapat hubungan yang negatif antara keterbukaanperdagangan dengan inflasi. Untuk melihat konsistensi dari hubungan tersebut,nilai exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) yang telah diestimasi diikutsertakansebagai salah satu determinan penting untuk menjelaskan inflasi. Penelitian inimenggunakan data panel kuartalan yang bersifat unbalanced dari 6 (enam) negaraAsia terpilih pada kurun waktu 1994 sampai dengan 2013. Hasil regresi penelitianini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang negatif antara keterbukaanperdagangan dengan inflasi, tetapi hasil ini menjadi tidak signifikan ketika ERPTdimasukkan ke dalam persamaan regresi yang sama dengan keterbukaanperdagangan. Sementara itu, nilai ERPT selalu bersifat positif dan signifikandalam menjelaskan inflasi di setiap model regresi yang digunakan. Hasil empirisini membuktikan bahwa hipotesis Romer ditolak di negara-negara Asia danpergerakan nilai tukar terhadap harga impor bersifat penting untuk menjelaskankenaikan inflasi pada kawasan ini.

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ABSTRACTThis research tests the hypothesis first cited by Romer (1993) that there exists anegative relationship between trade openness and inflation. To verify theconsistency of the relationship sign, estimated values of exchange rate passthrough(ERPT) to import prices are taken into account as an importantdeterminant of inflation. This research examines the answer by employingunbalanced quarterly panel data in 6 (six) selected Asian countries under theperiod of 1994 to 2013. The result indicates that there exists a negativerelationship between trade openness and inflation; however, it becomes notsignificant when ERPT values are included in the same regression equation withtrade openness. On the other hand, ERPT is always positive and significant toexplain inflation in every regression model employed. The empirical resultconfirms the rejection of Romer?s hypothesis in Asian countries and thereforehighlights the importance of exchange rate movements towards import prices as afactor that brings inflationary effect within this region."

"ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek dari investasi asing langsung dan ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi (dihitung dari PDB per kapita riil) 7 negara OKI selama tahun 2000-2012, yang didasarkan pada teori pertumbuhan endogen. Penelitian ini menggunakan model panel dengan efek tetap sebagai perbandingan terhadap model lain yang menggunakan PDB harga saat ini dan variabel indikator keanggotaan OPEC, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada model pertama investasi asing langsung mempengaruhi pertumbuhan PDB secara positif, namun tidak signifikan, sementara ekspor terlihat lebih mempengaruhi pertumbuhan PDB dibandingkan investasi asing langsung. Selanjutnya, semua variable kontrol menunjukkan kontribusi yang positif dan signifikan terhadap PDB, kecuali variabel pendidikan. Pada akhirnya, model kedua mengkonfirmasi relevansi dari model pertama

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ABSTRACT

This research aims to analyze the effects of FDI and exports on economic growth (measured by real GDP per capita constant) of seven selected OIC countries during 2000-2012, based on the endogenous growth theory. Employing a panel fixed effect model in comparison to that with GDP at current PPP and dummy variable of OPEC, the result from the former model shows that FDI positively affects GDP growth, but not significant, while Exports seem to be more growthenhancing. Meanwhile, all the control variables also show positive and significant contribution to GDP, except that of education. Eventually, the later model confirms the relevance of the former.

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"This paper examines the relationship between the degree of economic openness and real disposable personal income on inflation in Indonesia for a twenty-one-year period (2000Q1–2021Q3). The Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM) technique and the TSLS–Two Stage Least Squares (TSNLS and ARMA) method and long-term dependence for quarterly data from March 2001 (2001Q1) to September 2021 (2021Q3) were used to analyse and test the data. The study shows that the variables degree of openness of the economy (lopen) and real disposable personal income (ldpi) had a significant effect on inflation (linf) with a significance level of 5%. Interestingly, the estimates tend to show an appropriate sign and magnitude of the economic coefficient significance. The study has some implications. It explains the openness of the Indonesian economy and the real disposable personal income of the Indonesian population to recent inflation. Additionally, choosing appropriate policy actions to increase the competitiveness of Indonesia's export products both competitively and comparatively are discussed. If the permanent disposable income of people in Indonesia increases, the consumption demand for certain goods and services will also increase. When the demand for an item is high, the raw materials to be used also become scarce and this can cause inflation. In the context of fiscal stabilization, the Government is expected to be able to provide permanent non-cash subsidies that can help people generate permanent income independently and sustainably so that it has an impact on smoothing their consumption path over time."

"Ppenelitian kami bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penghematan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, penelitian ini ingin meneliti apakah penghematan adalah solusi dari krisis minyak saat ini di Aljazair atau tidak. Untuk mencpai tujuan ini, kami menggunakan model Non Linear Autoregressive Lag (NARDL) untuk menggambarkan perubahan negatif dan positif dalam tindakan penghematan dan pengaruhnya terhadap produk domestik bruto. Temuan estimasi kami menetapkan bahwa tidak ada pemotongan pajak yang meningkat atau pengurangan pengeluaran merupakan solusi untuk krisis, yang menegaskan secara empiris apa yang disetujui para ahli keynesian. Oleh karena itu, pihak berwenang Aljazair harus segera mencari solousi lain daripada kebijakan penghematan."

"The quality of education in Indonesia has not improved even though poverty rate has fallen. As education accelerates economic growth and productivity, improvement in education, especially in early childhood education is a must. Not only determines macroeconomics indicators, but education also determines microeconomics indicators such as people’s income. As education needs tuition fee, family socio-backgrounds such as parents’ employment and residential also affect people’s income. This study aims to examine the impact of education, and family social background on people’s income using IFLS 5 data with ordinary least squared regression. The result show that education and family socio-background have great impact on children’s future income. The return from the interaction between early education and tertiary education is significantly higher than the returns from primary and secondary level. Individual who live in urban area, come from mixed-ethnicity family, and has parent who worked as employee tends to have higher income. Based on that result, parents should encourage and support their children to take complete education, from early childhood education to higher education and pay attention to their social-economics condition. People should enroll their kids in early childhood education and escalate their education level. Government should also intensify some programs such as PIP, Bidikmisi, employment policy, and transmigration to optimize the impact of education and social factor on their citizens’ income."

"This paper investigates the role of financial technology (FinTech) in propelling economic growth in Indonesia from 1998 to 2018. The FinTech industry employs a technology-based business model to provide financial services, including lending, payment, investment, and financing services. The study is motivated by endogenous growth theory, which seeks to explain technology as the most important driver of economic growth. The study finds that FinTech startups are positively correlated with Indonesia’s economic growth. FinTech firms in their first year are found to be disruptive, but they fail to have serious consequences on Indonesia’s economic growth; however, they seem to significantly encourage economic growth in their second year. These findings are derived after accounting for other important growth determinants, namely, capital per labor, foreign direct investment (FDI), stock market development, and trade openness."

"Penelitian tesis ini dilakukan di 5 negara Asean, yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Philipina, Singapura dan Thailand mengenai pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam periode waktu 1990-2007. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Variabel-variabel penelitian yang dianalisis adalah variabel trade openness, investasi, populasi dan inflasi dengan menggunakan metode regresi analisis data panel. Hasil penelitian antara lain berupa nilai-nilai koefisien untuk setiap variabel, kemudian nilai koefisien tersebut dianalisis untuk mendapatkan jawaban dari permasalahan penelitian. Adapun hasil pengolahan data serta analisis data akan diuraikan bahwa trade openness dan investasi signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara-negara Asean 5 secara positif. Sementara variable inflasi signifikan secara negatif mempengaruhi pertumbuhan economi Asean 5.

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The research for this thesis took place in 5 countries of Asean, there are Indonesia, Malaysia, Philipines, Singapore and Thailand. It is about economic growth in time period 1990-2007. In objective is to review the result of development that has been achieved in that time period. The research variables that analyzed are trade openness, investment, population and inflation which use regression method with pool data analysis. From the result of the research the coefficient value for each variable was gained, than the cooefficient value was analyzed to obsain the answer for set of problem of this research. The result of data processing and data analyzing will be explained that trade openness and investment are significantly influencing economic growth and positive relationship. Inflation significantly influencing the economic growth and it has negative relationship in Asean 5 countries."

"Riset ini menginvestigasi hubungan antara perkembangan sektor keuangan dengan tingkat inflasi di Indonesia pada tahun 1980 sampai 2016. Riset ini menggunakan autoregressive distributed (ARDL)bound test untuk melihat hubungan jangka panjang dan tes Wald untuk melihat kausalitas Granger pada jangka pendek dan panjang. Untuk mengukur perkembangan sektor keuangan, penulis menggunakan rasio dari kredit ke sektor swasta terhadap PDB, rasio dari persediaan uang M2 terhadap PDB, serta Financial Development Index. Hasil empiris menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan jangka panjang antara perkembangan sektor keuangan dengan tingkat inflasi. Selain itu, ditemukan juga bahwa kedua variabel tersebut saling mempengaruhi nilai masa depan satu sama lain, namun melalui saluran yang berbeda. Tingkat inflasi mempengaruhi perkembangan sektor keuangan secara negative, sedangkan perkembangan sektor keuangan mempengaruhi tingkat inflasi secara positif.

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This research examines the relationship between financial development and inflation in Indonesia during the period of 1980 to 2016. In order to do that, it uses autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test to investigate the existence of long-run cointegration and Wald test to examine both short- and long-run Granger causality. Three different proxies are used to measure financial development; credit to private sector as a percentage of GDP, broad money (M2) as a percentage as GDP, and Financial Development Index. It is found, from empirical results, that long-run cointegration exists between financial development and inflation. It is also found that past value of both variables causes the future value of each other, but through different channels. Lastly, while inflation affects financial development negatively, financial development affects inflation positively."

"Indonesia is a developing country that is vigorously seeking to boost its economic growth. One of the nine programs to encourage national development is to improve the quality of civil servants, to strengthen the capacity for policy design and implementation in ministries and institutions, and hence to improve public service delivery. Some researchers argue that many developing countries have attempted to improve civil service training but only a few have succeeded to make significant contributions to strengthening their institutions. A group of researchers has identified ten factors that they regard as critical for training management effectiveness which have been applied in the Singapore civil service training institutions. The researchers suggest that the same factors may be important for developing countries. This study attempts to evaluate the potential application of the ten critical factors affecting training management effectiveness for Indonesian civil service training institutions. To do this, the thesis presents a comparative analysis of training management in Indonesia and Singapore. In this ‘lens’ of comparison, the Singapore model is used as a framework to understand the training management model in Indonesia. Based on the findings, nine out of ten factors could be implemented in the Indonesian model. However, factors related to the political context are likely to be challenging, as the political environment in the developed and developing countries are somewhat different."