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"The New Economic Policy has transformed Malaysia since 1971. Pro-Bumiputera affirmative action has been intensively pursued and continuously faced pushback. This paper revisits three key junctures in the NEP’s fifty-year history that heightened policy debates—and the ensuing persistent polarization and stalemate in policy discourses. First, at its inception in the early 1970s, despite substantial clarity in its two-pronged poverty alleviation and social restructuring structure, the NEP was marred by gaps and omissions, notably its ambiguity on policy mechanisms and long-term implications, and inordinate emphasis on Bumiputera equity ownership. Broader discourses have imbibed these elements, and they tend to be more selective than systematic in policy critique. Second, during the late 1980s, rousing deliberations on the successor to the NEP settled on a growth-oriented strategy that basically retained the NEP framework and extended ethnicity-driven compromises. Third, since 2010, notions of reform and alternatives to the NEP’s affirmative action program have been propagated, which despite bold proclamations again amount to partial and selective—not comprehensive—change. Affirmative action presently drifts along, with minor modifications and incoherent reform rhetoric stemming from conflation of the NEP’s two prongs. Breaking out of the prevailing polarization and impasse requires a systematic and constructive rethink."

"Sustainable economic development : resources, environment, and institutions presents 25 articles that lay the foundations of sustainable development in a way that facilitates effective policy design. The editors mix broad thematic papers with focused micro-papers, balancing theories with policy designs.The book begins with two sections on sustainable development principles and practice and on specific settings where sustainable development is practiced. Two more sections illuminate institutions, governance, and political economy. Additional sections cover sustainable development and agriculture, and risk and economic security, including disaster management. This rich source of information should appeal to any institution involved in development work, and to development practitioners grappling with an array of difficult on-the-ground developmental challenges."

"Keberhasilan otonomi daerah dan desentralisasi fiskal dapat dicerminkan dengan tingkat kemampuan keuangan daerahnya. Kemampuan keuangan daerah dicerminkan melalui Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah. Kementrian Keuangan tiap tahunnya mengeluarkan Peta Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah (KFD) yang didalamnya terdapat Indeks Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah (IKFD) untuk melihat perbandingan kapasitas fiskal suatu provinsi dengan rata-rata kapasitas fiskal provinsi se-Indonesia. Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi yang memiliki IKFD tertinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Untuk melihat perkembangan kemampuan keuangan Provinsi DKI Jakarta dibutuhkan nilai Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah yang formulanya terdapat pada Peraturan Menteri Keuangan dan teori fiscal capacity. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengananalisis perkembangan nilai Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah DKI Jakarta tahun 2014-2019, beserta faktor-faktor dan strategi yang dilakukan Badan Pendapatan Daerah DKI Jakarta dalam rangka mengoptimalkan nilai Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah. Perkembangan nilai Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2014-2019 positif. Nilai Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dipengaruhi oleh faktor organisasi, proses, lingkungan, dan perkembangan teknologi. Badan Pendapatan Daerah DKI Jakarta melakukan strategi untuk meningkatkan Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan cara meningkatkan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), kepatuhan pajak, dan pemanfaatan teknologi. Selanjutnya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi masukan pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah DKI Jakarta kedepannya dalam rangka optimalisasi Kapasitas Fiskal Daerah DKI Jakarta.

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The success of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization can reflect the level of regional financial capacity. Regional financial capacity is reflected in the Regional Fiscal Capacity. The Ministry of Finance annually issues a Regional Fiscal Capacity in which there is an Regional Fiscal Capacity Index (IKFD) to see the comparison of the fiscal capacity of a province with the average fiscal capacity of provinces throughout Indonesia. DKI Jakarta Province is a province that has the highest IKFD (Regional Fiscal Capacity Index). This study uses a qualitative approach with qualitative data analysis techniques. To see the development of the financial capacity of DKI Jakarta Province, the value of Regional Fiscal Capacity is needed, the formula for which is contained in the Minister of Finance Regulation and the theory of fiscal capacity. This study aims to analyze the development of the value of DKI Jakarta Regional Fiscal Capacity in 2014-2019, along with the factors and strategies implemented by the DKI Jakarta Regional Revenue Agency in order to optimize the value of Regional Fiscal Capacity. The development of the Regional Fiscal Capacity of DKI Jakarta Province in 2014-2019 was positive. The value of the Regional Fiscal Capacity of DKI Jakarta Province is known by organizational factors, processes, environment, and technological developments. The DKI Jakarta Regional Revenue Agency has implemented a strategy to increase the Regional Fiscal Capacity of the DKI Jakarta Province by increasing Human Resources (HR), monitoring taxes, and utilizing technology. Furthermore, the research is expected to provide input to the DKI Jakarta Regional Revenue Agency in the future in order to optimize the Regional Fiscal Capacity of DKI Jakarta."

"Krisis ekonomi global dan kegagalan pasar menunjukkan sistem perekonomian saat ini tidak sesuai lagi dengan kebutuhan global. Green economy merupakan salah satu konsep solusinya. Penelitian yang berkaitan dengan green economy masih relatif terbatas. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sektor kunci green economy bagi pentingnya pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Social Accounting Matrix yang memiliki klasifikasi sektor energi lebih rinci dan rumah tangga yang dikelompokkan ke dalam desil desa dan kota, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sektor pertanian dan sektor berbasis pertanian merupakan sektor yang dominan untuk mencapai green economy.

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Global economy crises and market failures have indicated that the current economy system is no longer fit to the global needs. Green Economy would be one of the solution. However, studies related to the Green Economy are still limited. Therefore, this research is aimed to identify the green economy key sectors in order to foster the sustainable development in Indonesia. Social Accounting Matrix approach which has detail energy sectors classification and rural-urban deciles household groups is applied. This research reveals that agricultural sectors and agriculture-based sectors are the dominant sectors to achieve the green economy."

"Laporan Keberlanjutan atau Sustainability Report merupakan salah satu perwujudan dari penerapan Investasi Berkelanjutan. x bergeser pada arah investasi yang lebih berkelanjutan. Hal ini guna mencapai komitmen dalam menghadapi isu global dan menjadi salah satu alat mencapai Tujuan Berkelanjutan. Skripsi ini membahas komitmen Indonesia terhadap penanganan isu global dimana didalamnya dibahas penerapan investasi berkelanjutan yang berbasis pada prinsip dan aspek lingkungan, sosial dan tata kelola yang sering disingkat sebagai ESG. Atas hal tersebut dan atas faktor keanggotaan Indonesia dalam lembaga sekuritas internasional IOSCO melalui POJK No.51 /POJK.03/2017 atau POJK Keuangan Berkelanjutan untuk menerapkan investasi berkelanjutan berbasis prinsip ESG dalam Pasar Modal di Indonesia. Melalui POJK Keberlanjutan, maka setiap ketentuan yang ada didalamnya mengikat bagi Lembaga Jasa Keuangan (LJK), Emiten, dan Perusahaan Publik termasuk penyusunan Laporan Keberlanjutan yang akan dibahas lebih lanjut dalam skripsi ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian skripsi ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Penelitian skripsi ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang menghasilkan tipologi penelitian deskriptif analitis, Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan fakta bahwa Indonesia menerapkan investasi keberlanjutan sebagai komitmennya atas isu global dan bahwa ketentuan atas Laporan Keberlanjutan yang diatur dalam POJK Keuangan Berkelanjutan sudah Arah iklim investasi sedang cukup memadai walaupun masih terdapat kekurangan dalam hal standarisasi.

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Sustainability Report Investment. The direction of the investment climate is shifting towards a more sustainable investment direction. This is in order to achieve commitment in facing global issues and become one of the tools to achieve the Sustainability Goals. This thesis discusses Indonesia's commitment to addressing global issues in which it discusses the implementation of sustainable investments based on environmental, social and governance principles and aspects which are often abbreviated as ESG. For this and for the factor of Indonesia's membership in the international securities agency IOSCO through POJK No.51 /POJK.03/2017 or POJK on Sustainable Finance to implement sustainable investment based on ESG principles in the Indonesian Capital Market. Through the POJK on Sustainability, every provision contained in it is binding on Financial Service Institutions (LJK), Issuers, and Public Companies including the preparation of a Sustainability Report which will be discussed further in this thesis. The method used in this thesis research is normative juridical research. This thesis research is a literature research that produces a descriptive analytical research typology. The results of this study find the fact that Indonesia implements sustainability investment as its commitment to global issues and that the provisions on the Sustainability Report regulated in the POJK on Sustainable Finance are adequate although there are still shortcomings in terms of standardization."

"ABSTRAKTujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, terutama di tingkat provinsi, terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca. Hal tersebut juga bermaksud untuk menjawab apakah pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat berjalan beriringan dengan kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi data panel dengan memasukkan data tingkat provinsi dari tahun 2004 hingga 2012 dengan memperhitungkan karakteristik regional seperti Indeks GINI dan Pembangunan Manusia. Hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa tidak semua provinsi memiliki respon yang sama terkait perubahan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca.

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ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study is to examine of how the economic development in Indonesia, especially on province level, influences on greenhouse gas emissions, thereby considering the question of whether or not economic development can coexist with environmental quality. This study is using unbalance panel data regressions with province level data from 2004 to 2012 and includes the regional characteristic such as GINI index and HDI. The result shows that provinces have difference impact on GHG emissions by the changing of economic development."