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"Background: thyroid dysfunction is more likely to occur in diabetes mellitus patients than general population. Until now, no study has been done to find prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in Indonesian diabetics. This study aimed to find the proportion and characteristics of thyroid dysfunction in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in Endocrine and Diabetes Polyclinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July to September 2015. This study include type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, age ≥ 18 year-old, willing to undergo thyroid laboratory testing. In this study, hypothyroidism defined as TSH more than 4.0 mIU/L, while hyperthyroidism is defined as TSH less than 0.4 mIU/L with eCLIA. Results: from 364 subjects who were recruited from Endocrine and Diabetes Polyclinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, 303 subjects underwent this study until analysis. Two hundred and three (273) subjects (90.1%) were euthyroid, 7 subjects (2.31%) were hyperthyroid, and 23 subjects (7.59%) were hypothyroid. Majority of the patients had subclinical hypothyroidism (56.5% based on Zulewski and Billewicz Score and 65.2% based on fT4 laboratory result), while 42.9% and 71.4% subjects had clinical hyperthyroidism based on clinical appearance and fT4 laboratory result respectively. Conclusion: proportion of hypothyroidism was 7.59% and hyperthyroidism was 2.31%, while the proportion of total thyroid dysfunction was 9.9% among diabetics. It is suggested that screening for thyroid dyscfunction can be done in high risk condition as a part of comprehensive management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients."

"Pada 28 kasus diabetes melitus ( DM ) tipe 2 tanpa kelainan kardiovaskular yang diperiksa di Bagian Metabolik Endokrin, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, mulai Oktober 2001 sampai Desember 2001, dilakukan pemeriksaan ekokardiografi untuk melihat fungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri dan dilakukan pemeriksaan urin mikroalbuminuria. Disfungsi diastolik ditemukan pada 73,7 % pasien DM tipe 2 tanpa mikroalbuminuria dan 66,7% pada DM tipe 2 dengan mikroalbuminuria. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna kejadian disfungsi diastolik pada kelompok DM tipe 2 dengan mikroalbuminuria maupun DM tipe 2 tanpa mikroalbuminuria. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 169-72)

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Twenty-eight cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without any cardiovascular disease were recruited from the Department of Metabolic-Endocrine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia / Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. Recruitment of the study began in October 2001 and was completed by December 2001. Participants were examined for echocardiography and microalbuminuria urinary examination. Diastolic dysfunction was found in 73.7% of type 2 diabetic patients without microalbuminuria and 66.7% in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Neither type 2 diabetic groups with nor without microalbuminuria indicated any significant association to the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 169-72)"

"Self management diabetes berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan outcome klinis. Observasi pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan menunjukkan pelaksanaan edukasi kurang efektif. Inovasi teknologi dapat menjadi alternatif solusi dalam mengatasi masalah ini. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi self management berbasis android terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku self management pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini berdesain quasi eksperimental pre-posttest dengan kelompok kontrol. Partisipan direkrut di poli rawat jalan dan rawat inap sejak Juni-Agustus 2020. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 25 pada 66 responden. Pada analisis bivariat, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan pada kelompok intervensi di akhir penelitian (p=0,07). Tidak ada pengaruh aplikasi terhadap perilaku self management diabetes (p=0,940). Pada analisis multivariat, didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan aplikasi (p=0,045) dan tingkat pengetahuan sebelumnya (p=0,0001) terhadap tingkat pengetahuan posttest. Aplikasi D-SyIs berpotensi meningkatkan pengetahuan diabetes. Perbaikan desain aplikasi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaan aplikasi.

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Self management diabetes has positive impact on increasing clinical outcome. Field observation in healthcare setting showed an ineffective implementation of health education. Technology innovation could be an alternative solution to solve this problem. This research was to examine the effect of android based self management apps towards diabetes self management behavior and diabetes knowledge among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A pre-posttest quasy experimental design with control group is used. Participants were recruited from outpatient and inpatient from June to July 2020. SPSS version 25 was used to analyse 66 participants. In bivariat analysis, there was enhancement of diabetes knowledge in intervention group (p=0,07) at the end of research. There was no significant different in self management (p=0,908). In multivariate analysis, there were significant effect of D-SyIs apps (p=0,045) and previous diabetes knowledge (p=0,0001) towards diabetes knowledge. This apps has potential effects to increase diabetes knowledge. Upgrading the app design is needed to increase the apps effectiveness."

"Latar Belakang. Terdapat dua hipotesis mengenai terjadinya diabetes melitus tipe 2 yaitu kegagalan sel beta pankreas dan resistensi insulin. Mengingat pengaruh faktor genetik pada kejadian DM tipe 2 maka diperkirakan resistensi insulin juga dipengaruhi faktor genetik. Sejauh ini data prevalensi resistensi insulin dan gambaran metabolik pads saudara kandung subyek DM tipe 2 di Indonesia belum ada.Tujuan. Mendapatkan angka prevalensi resistensi insulin pada saudara kandung subyek dengan DM tipe 2 dan mendapatkan data profil metabolik (profil lipid, IMT, lingkar perut, konsentrasi asam urat darah), tekanan darah dan distribusinya pads seluruh saudara kandung subyek dengan DM tipe 2Metodologi. Studi pendahuluan dan potong lintang dilakukan pada 30 saudara kandung subyek DM tipe 2 yang datang berobat di Poliklinik Metabolik dan Endokrinologi RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, untuk dilakukan wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik, konsentrasi insulin darah puasa, glukosa puasa, trigliserida, kolesterol HDL dan asam urat. Resistensi insulin ditentukan dari persentil 75 dari HOMA-IR.Hasil. Nilai cut-off HOMA-IR pada penelitian ini sebesar 2,04. Frekuensi resistensi insulin pads saudara kandung subyek DM sebesar 26,67% dengan proporsi di tiap keluarga bervariasi dari 0-75%. Semua subyek dengan resistensi insulin memiliki obesitas sentral dan sebanyak 75% memiliki IMT > 25. Komponen metabolik yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah obesitas sentral (56,7%), menyusul hipertensi (46,7%), hipokolesterol HDL dan hipertrigliseridemia masing-masing 26,6%, dan hiperglikemia (20%).Simpulan. Frekuensi resistensi insulin pada saudara kandung subyek DM tipe 2 sebesar 26,67% dengan proporsi yang bervariasi di setiap keluarga antara 0-75%. Komponen metabolik paling banyak ditemukan adalah obesitas sentral.

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Backgrounds. There are two hypothesis in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM, beta cell failure and insulin resistance. As genetic background has significant role in type 2 DM cases, insulin resistance is also suspected to be influenced by genetic factor. Thus far, there are no insulin resistance prevalence data and metabolic abnormalities among siblings of subjects with type 2 DM available in Indonesia.Objectives. To obtain prevalence figure of insulin resistance among siblings of subjects with type 2 DM and to obtain their metabolic abnormality profiles as measured by their BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, glucose intolerance, concentration of triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and uric acid.Methods. Cross-sectional study is conducted to 30 siblings of subjects with type 2 DM who are still alive and agree to participate in this study. The subjects are interviewed, physically examined and go through laboratory examination (fasting plasma insulin, plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and uric acid concentration). Insulin resistance is derived from 75 percentile of HOMA-IR.Results. The HOMA-IR cut-off value found in this study is 2,04. The frequency of insulin resistance is 26,67% among siblings of subjects with type 2 DM within variation range of 0-75%. All of subjects with insulin resistance have central obesity. About 75% subjects with insulin resistance have BMI ? 25. The metabolic components which are frequently found in this study can be ranked as follows; central obesity (56,7%), hypertension (46,7%), hypocholesterol HDL (26,6%), hypertriglyceridemia (26,6%) and hyperglycemia (20%).Conclusion. The frequency of insulin resistance is 26,67% among siblings of subjects with type 2 DM within variation range of 0-75%. Among the metabolic components found in this study, central obesity is the most frequent."

"Thalassemia b mayor adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kelainan sintesis rantai polipeptida b yang diturunkan secara otosom resesif. Penanganan kasus dengan thalassemia b mayor berupa pemberian transfusi berulang yang akan mengakibatkan hemokromatosis. Hemokromatosis dapat terjadi pada beberapa organ tubuh termasuk pankreas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan kadar gula darah dan angka kejadian hemokromatosis pada penderita thalassemia b mayor. Telah diperiksa kadar gula darah puasa dan kadar ferritin serum pada 115 penderita thalassemia b mayor yang berumur 10-23 tahun dari Pusat Thalassemia Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia-Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Kadar gula darah diperiksa dengan metode enzimatik sesuai dengan kriteria American Diabetes Association (ADA), kadar ferritin serum diperiksa dengan metode microparticle enzyme immuno assay (MEIA). Pada penelitian didapatkan semua kasus yang diperiksa menunjukkan hemokromatosis, 14,8% dari pada kasus disertai dengan kadar gula darah puasa terganggu dan 2,6% menujukkan adanya diabetes melitus. Penderita thalassemia b mayor yang mendapat transfusi berulang menyebabkan terjadinya hemokromatosis yang dapat mengganggu fungsi pankreas. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 87-93)

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b-thalassemia major is a disease caused by b polypeptide chain synthesis disorder which is inherited as an autosomal recessive from both parents which is marked by little or no b globin chain synthesis. Medication for b thalassemia major patients is by repeated blood transfusions, which causes hemochromatosis. Hemochromatosis can occur in various organs including the pancreas. The aim of the study was to assess the alteration of plasma glucose concentration and the hemochromatosis prevalence. Fasting plasma glucose concentration and serum ferritin examination were measured in 115 b thalassemia major patients with ages between 10-23 years who were out-patients in the Thalassemia Centre, Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indonesia / Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. The plasma glucose concentration examination was conducted by the GDH enzymatic method, with American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria in the evaluation, while the serum ferritin examination was conducted with the microparticle enzyme immuno assay (MEIA) method. All patients had hemochromatosis, 14.8% of the patients had impaired fasting glucose level and 2.6% of the patients showed indications of diabetes mellitus. b thalassemia major patients who receive frequent transfusions will develop hemochromatosis that will in turn impair the pancreatic function. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 87-93)"

"ABSTRAKPrevalensi Diabetes Mellitus di Provinsi DKI Jakarta mengalami peningkatan danKepulauan Seribu menempati peringkat ke 3 tertinggi setelah Jakarta Selatan danJakarta Timur dengan proporsi 2,7% dengan jumlah kasus yang meningkat daritahun 2012 - 2015 di Kecamatan Kepulauan Seribu Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor pengetahuan, riwayat diabetes mellituskeluarga, pola kebiasaan makan, aktivitas fisik dan perilaku merokok dengankejadian diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dan faktor mana yang paling dominan yangberhubungan dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Penelitian dilaksanakan padabulan Februari 2016. Desain penelitian menggunakan case control dengan jumlahsampel penelitian sebanyak 80 kasus dan 80 kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa riwayat diabetes mellitus keluarga, faktor pengetahuan tentang diabetesmellitus, pola kebiasaan makan berisiko dan pola kebiasaan makan seratberhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Hasil multivariatmenunjukkan bahwa penduduk dengan riwayat diabetes keluarga berisiko 6,2 kalilebih besar menderita diabetes mellitus dibandingkan dengan penduduk yang tidakmemiliki riwayat diabetes mellitus keluarga setelah dikontrol variabel pengetahuan,pola kebiasaan makan berisiko dan pola kebiasaan makan serat, aktifitas fisik, danperilaku merokok (95% CI: 2,810 ? 13,553). Dari penelitian ini disarankan untukmelakukan upaya preventif dan promotif yaitu dengan upaya perubahan perilakuuntuk menjadi lebih sehat dengan meningkatkan asupan serat, mengurangikebiasaan makan berisiko, dan meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang DM.

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ABSTRACTPrevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Jakarta increased and prevalence in ThousandIslands District Administration was ranked the third highest after South Jakarta andEast Jakarta with a proportion of 2.7%. The number of cases increased from year2012 to 2015 in the SubDistrict of Kepulauan Seribu Utara. This study aims todetermine the relationship between knowledge, family history of diabetes mellitus,the pattern of eating habits, physical activity and smoking behavior with diabetesmellitus type 2 and the most dominant factors that associated with the occurrenceof diabetes mellitus type 2. The research was conducted in February 2016. Thestudy design using the case control study with a sample size of 80 cases and 80controls. Results showed that a family history of diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitusknowledge, the pattern of risky eating habits and patterns of fiber eating habitssignificantly associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. Multivariate results showedthat the population with a family history of diabetes 6.2 times greater risk ofsuffering from diabetes mellitus compared with people who do not have a familyhistory of diabetes mellitus after controlled variable of knowledge, the pattern ofrisky eating habits and patterns of fiber eating habits (95% CI: 2.810 ? 13.553).From this research, it is advisable to carry out preventive and promotive efforts toattempt behavioral changes become healthier by increasing fiber intake, reducingthe risk of eating habits, and increase knowledge about diabetes."

"ABSTRAKFaktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Penerapan GayaHidup Sehat Diabetes Pada Penderita DM tipe 2 di KotaPematangsiantar Tahun 2017Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus DM menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yangbesar di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Prevalensi DM tipe 2 mengalamipeningkatan di Kota Pematangsiantar akibat dari perubahan gaya hidup. Tujuanpenelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan denganpenerapan gaya hidup sehat penderita DM tipe 2. Desain penelitian yangdigunakan adalah Cross Sectional, jumlah sampel 124 responden diambil denganmenggunakan Cluster Sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Chi Square danregresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antarapersepsi hambatan, efikasi diri, pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, dan jeniskelamin dengan penerapan gaya hidup sehat DM Faktor-faktor yang palingdominan berhubungan dengan penerapan gaya hidup sehat adalah efikasi diri OR=8,378 dan dukungan keluarga OR=2,626 . Responden yang memilikiefikasi diri yang tinggi akan berpeluang 8 kali lebih besar melakukan penerapangaya hidup sehat, dan responden yang mendapat dukungan keluarga yang tinggiberpeluang 3 kali lebih besar melakukan penerapan gaya hidup sehat.Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini agar dilakukan upaya peningkatan efikasi diridengan pemberian edukasi pada penderita DM dengan melibatkan peran sertakeluarga penderita.Kata kunci : Diabetes melitus, Penerapan gaya hidup sehat, Persepsi Individu,Efikasi Diri, Pengetahuan, Dukungan Keluarga.

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ABSTRACTFactors Related to Application of Healthy Lifestyle of Type 2Diabetes Mellitus in Pematangsiantar 2017Diabetes Mellitus DM has become one of the major health problems inIndonesia as well as in many other countries. The prevalence of Type 2 DiabetesMellitus T2DM has increased in Pematangsiantar as result of lyfestyle change.This research aimed to analyze the factors related to application of healthylyfestyle of T2DM patient. This research rsquo s design used was Cross Sectional, thesample of 124 respondents was taken by Cluster Sampling. Data analysis usingChi Square Test and multiple logistic regression. The results show there is arelationship between perception of barriers, self efficacy, knowledge, familysupport, and gender with the application of healthy lifestyle. The most dominantfactors related to the application of healthy lifestyle are self efficacy OR 8,378 and family support OR 2,626 . Respondents who have high self efficacywill have 8 times greater chance of implementing a healthy lifestyle, andrespondents who have high family support have 3 times greater chance ofimplementing a healthy lifestyle. The recommendation of this research is to makeefforts to increase self efficacy by giving education to T2DM patient by involvingpatient 39 s family participation.Key Word T2DM application of healthy lifestyle Individual perceptions knowledge cues to action"

"ABSTRACTLatar belakang: Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 tidak dapat disembuhkan. Edukasi merupakan salah satu penanganan DM tipe 2. Edukasi atau Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) di rumah sakit tidak optimal berdampak pada lama hari rawat yang panjang. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien DM tipe 2 di RSUP NTB tahun 2012-2013, serta mengukur asosiasi sederhana DSME terhadap lama hari rawat pasien di RSUP NTB. Desain dan Metode: Tinjauan secara retrospektif terhadap 199 rekam medis pasien DM tipe 2. Hasil: DSME disampaikan oleh perawat dan ahli gizi. Akan tetapi, tidak seluruh pasien mendapat edukasi. Di RSUP NTB, yang tercatat edukasi tentang: diet (53%), aktivitas fisik (33%), tentang obat (8%), komplikasi (1%), edukasi lainnya (6%), dan 27% pasien yang tidak mendapat edukasi apapun oleh perawat. Sebanyak 43.7% pasien yang mendapat konseling gizi oleh ahli gizi. Pasien yang mendapat DSME memiliki lama hari rawat yang lebih singkat dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mendapat edukasi. Kesimpulan: berdasarkan catatan rekam medis DSME di RSUP NTB belum optimal dan DSME berperan mempersingkat lama hari rawat pasien.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (type 2 DM) is a disease that can not be cured. An adequate education is one of way management of type 2 DM. Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) in hospitals not adequate and impact on length of stay. Purpose: this study to describe characteristics of patients with type 2 DM at General Hospital West Nusa Tenggara 2012-2013, and measured association of DSME to length of stay. Design and Method: Descriptive research method with retrospective design. Number of samples involved in this study is 199 medical records of patients with type 2 DM. Result: DSME delivered by nurses and nutritionists. But, not all patients get DSME. DSME recorded was about: diet (53%), exercises (33%), medicines (8%), complications of type 2 DM (1%), other education (6%), and 27% of patients do not get any DSME. Patients with DSME has shorter length of stay than patient without DSME. Conclusion: according to medical records, DSME at General Hospital West Nusa Tenggara 2012-2013 is not optimal and DSME role in length of stay of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"

"ABSTRAKDiabetes merupakan penyakit progresif yang tidak hanya membutuhkan perawatan kuratif dan rehabilitatif tetapi juga perawatan paliatif.. Kepuasaan merupakan salah satu indikator penting tercapainya perawatan paliatif yang efektif sehingga pengukuran kepuasan pasien terhadap perawatan menjadi hal yang penting dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kepuasan pasien diabetes yang mendapatkan perawatan paliatif. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian cross sectional menggunakan sampel pasien diabetes di balai asuhan keperawatan Jabodetabek sebanyak 43 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Home Care Client Satisfaction Instrument-Revised (HCCSI-R), Clien Satisfaction Inventory (CSI), dan Long-form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-III). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 14% responden merasa cukup puas, 60,5% merasa puas, dan 25,6% merasa sangat puas. Pada penelitian ini juga ditemukan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara karateristik responden dengan tingkat kepuasan (p>0,05). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada praktisi kesehatan untuk memperdalam pengetahuan mengenai perawatan paliatif dan mengaplikasikannya pada pelayanan kesehatan.

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ABSTRACTDiabetes is a progressive disease that needs palliative care aside from curative and rehabilitative. Satisfaction play as one of the most important indicator to get effective achievement of palliative care, so the measurement of patient satisfaction with treatment is necessary. This study was conducted to describe the level of satisfaction of diabetes patients who receive palliative care. This study used cross sectional approach with 43 respondents of diabetic patients accommodate under nursing care centers in Jabodetabek selected with purposive sampling technique. This study used Home Care Client Satisfaction Instrument-Revised (HCCSI-R), Clien Satisfaction Inventory (CSI), and the Long-Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-III) to measure satisfaction level. The results showed that 14% of respondents felt quite satisfied, 60.5% were satisfied, and 25.6% felt very satisfied. This research also found that there is no significant differences between the characteristics of the respondents with the level of satisfaction (p> 0.05). The study recommend healthcare practitioners to deepen their knowledge about palliative care and apply it to health services."