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"Pangan olahan adalah pangan yang telah melalui proses pengolahan dengan atau tanpa bahan tambahan. Berbagai jenis pangan olahan dijual di warteg-warteg sekitar Stasiun Universitas Indonesia (UI) dan dikonsumsi oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat. Cemaran biologis dalam pangan olahan apabila terkonsumsi dapat menyebabkan penyakit bawaan pangan. Uji mikrobiologi pangan olahan dilakukan sesuai dengan Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) No. 13 Tahun 2019. Total Plate Count (TPC) dan biakan media selektif dilakukan pada 5 sampel menu populer pangan olahan yang diperoleh dari 3 warteg yang berbeda, yaitu capcay dan telur dadar dari warteg A, ayam bumbu kecap dan kentang mustofa dari warteg B, dan tumis kangkung dari warteg C. Hasil TPC dengan jumlah mikroorganisme tertinggi terdapat pada sampel capcay yaitu 3,1x105 koloni/g yang melebihi ambang batas maksimum cemaran, sedangkan telur dadar, kentang mustofa, dan tumis kangkung memiliki hasil TPC di bawah ambang batas maksimum. Pada pemeriksaan media selektif, terdapat pertumbuhan koloni khamir dan kapang pada sampel capcay di agar Sabouraud sebesar 5,2x104 koloni/g. Tidak terdapat pertumbuhan koloni pada pemeriksaan media selektif sampel telur dadar, ayam bumbu kecap, tumis kangkung, dan kentang mustofa. Satu dari lima sampel pangan olahan, yaitu sampel capcay dari warteg A, tergolong tidak layak konsumsi karena tidak memenuhi ambang batas maksimum cemaran yang telah ditentukan oleh Peraturan BPOM No. 13 Tahun 2019.

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Processed food is any food that has been altered in some way during preparation with or without any additional ingredients. A variety of processed foods are sold in wartegs around the Universitas Indonesia Station and are consumed by all sort of people. Biological contaminations in processed foods, if ingested, can cause a foodborne illnesses. Microbiological examination of processed foods are carried out in accordance with Indonesian Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) No. 13 of 2019. Total Plate Count (TPC) and selective media culture were carried out on 5 sample of popular processed foods menu obtained from 3 different wartegs, namely capcay and omelette from warteg A, soy sauce seasoned chicken and mustofa potatoes from warteg B, and sauteed water spinach from warteg C. The highest microorganism growth in TPC result was found in capcay sample with 3,1x105 colonies/g which exceeded the maximun contamination threshold, while omelette, mustofa potatoes, and sauteed water spinach had TPC results below the maximum threshold. In selective media culture, capcay sample had yeast and mold colony growth with 5,2x104 colony/g. Selective media culture growth are negative in omelette, soy sauce seasoned chicken, sauteed water spinach, and mustofa potatoes sample.One of the five processed food samples, namely the capcay from warteg A, was classified as unfit for consumption."

"Latar Belakang: Di sekitar lingkungan Stasiun Pondok Cina, salah satu stasiun tersibuk di kawasan Jabodetabek, terdapat banyak sekali kudapan yang digemari oleh masyarakat yang melewatinya. Kudapan tersebut tidak terlepas dari ancaman cemaran biologi (mikroorganisme) yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam masalah kesehatan seperti keracunan makanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui cemaran biologi pada beberapa sampel kudapan di sekitar Stasiun Pondok Cina tersebut. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) untuk mengetahui cemaran biologi secara tidak spesifik dan Biakan Media Selektif untuk mengetahui cemaran biologi secara spesifik sesuai dengan standar BPOM no.13 Tahun 2019. Lima sampel kudapan digunakan dalam penelitian ini didasari atas popularitas kudapan tersebut, yaitu cilok, batagor, kentang goreng, lumpia basah, dan telur gulung. Hasil: Pemeriksan ALT menunjukkan terdapat 3 kudapan yang melebihi batas yang ditetapkan oleh BPOM yaitu kentang goreng, lumpia basah, dan telur gulung dengan hasil berturut-turut 9.5 x 104 koloni/g dari standar 103 koloni/g, 4.1 x 104 koloni/g dari standar 103 koloni/g, dan 7.25 x 104 koloni/g dari standar 103 koloni/g. Sedangkan pada pemeriksaan pembiakan media selektif, tidak terdapat pertumbuhan koloni pada seluruh media biakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga sampel kudapan tersebut tidak memenuhi standar BPOM. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka diperlukan edukasi untuk penjual kudapan di sekitar Stasiun Pondok Cina guna menurunkan risiko cemaran biologi pada kudapan tersebut.

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Background: Pondok Cina Station is one of the busiest Train Station in the Jabodetabek area. Around that specific station, many food stalls sell street foods that many commuters like. The threats of biological hazards (microorganism) still lurking in those unstandardised street foods, commonly leading to food poisoning and affecting other aspects of human health.

Method: To identify those hazards, this  research uses Total Plate Count (TPC) to identify unspecific microorganisms and media selective culture methods to identify specific microorganisms. The results of this examination will be compared with BPOM no. 13 2019 standard to ensure its safety. Five street foods that were examined were selected by their popularity, which are Cilok, Batagor, Potato Fries, Spring Rolls, and Egg Skewer.

Result: Based on the TPC examination, three of the five foods that were examined exceeded the standard of the microbiological colony shown on the plate: Potato Fries with a result of 9.5 x 104 colony/g from 103 colony/g baseline, Spring Rolls with a result of 4.1 x 104 colony/g from 103 colony/g baseline, and Egg Skewer with a result of 7.25 x 104 colony/g from 103 colony/g baseline. In comparison, no colony is shown based on the media selective culture method.

Conclusion: With those results, three of the five examined foods didn’t meet BPOM’s criteria. In conclusion, there is a need to educate sellers of street foods in Pondok Cina Station to lower the risk of biological hazards."

"ABSTRAKPemeriksaan total plate count (TPC) dilakukan terhadap makanan penerbangan pada duaproses yang berbeda, yakni penyimpanan dan pengemasan. Tujuan dari penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kenaikan suhu terhadap kenaikan TPC pada makananserta hubungannya dengan kontaminasi TPC pada tangan penjamah dan peralatanmakanan. Pengukuran suhu digunakan termometer tebakan, dan pengukuran TPC padamakanan, tangan penjamah dan peralatan digunakan metode Total Plate Count (TPC)dalam beberapa pengenceran. Suhu makanan mengalami kenaikan rata-rata 3 kali. TotalPlate Count (TPC) mengalami kenaikan rata-rata 16.2 kali. Suhu pada makananberpengaruh kuat dan signifikan terhadap signifikan terhadap TPC makanan (R= 0.824dan p=0.000). Kenaikan suhu makanan juga berpengaruh secara kuat dan signifikanterhadap kenaikan TPC (R= 0.776 dan p=0.000). Total Plate Count (TPC) makanan saatpengemasan tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap TPC tangan penjamahdan TPC peralatan makanan (p=0.424) dan (p=0.444). Disarankan untuk memberikanintervensi mengenai Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) secaramenyeluruh untuk memberikan pemahaman pengendalian suhu pada makanan padapihak-pihak yang terkait. Selain itu, intervensi mengenai higiene dan sanitasi juga perludiberikan guna mencegah terjadinya kontaminasi.

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ABSTRACTMicrobial Total Plate Count (TPC) measurement carried out on airline meal in two

difference process, storage and portioning packaging. The research conducted to know

influence the increase of temperature on meal microbial total plate count (TPC) increase.

In addition, it also conducted to know the correlation of that contamination with food

handler and equipment hygiene on microbial TPC as the indicator. Temperature

measurement made with gun thermometer, in other hand simple TPC counting on several

dilutions is the method to measure microbial TPC on meal, hand swab and equipment

swab. The result showed that food temperature has increase on average of 3-fold and

16.2-fold for microbial TPC increase on meal. Temperature is significantly influence on

microbial TPC (R=0.824 and p=0.000). The increase of temperature is also significantly

influence on microbial TPC increase (R=0.776 and p=0.000). Furthermore, there is no

significantly correlation of meal microbial TPC on packaging process with hand swab

and equipment swab (p=0.424 and p=0.444). The research suggests intervention as a

whole on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), to give understanding of

temperature control on food to related stakeholder. In addition, intervention on hygiene

and sanitation also be provided to prevent contamination."

"Pendahuluan: Ekstrak temulawak telah dilaporkan memiliki efek inhibisi dan eradikasi in vitro terhadap C. albicans. Setiap obat dalam pengembangannya harus melalui uji standar stabilitas biologis, fisika, dan kimia. Salah satu uji kestabilan biologis obat adalah pengujian kontaminasi mikroba pada obat selama 4 minggu Tujuan: Mengetahui kestabilan biologis obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak menggunakan TPC untuk menghitung, menganalisis dan membandingkan perubahan jumlah koloni dengan satuan Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Metode: Obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak temulawak disimpan dalam 3 suhu (suhu rendah 4±2oC; suhu ruangan 28±2oC; dan suhu tinggi 40±2oC). Obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak diencerkan dengan serial dilution dan ditumbuhkan pada medium nonselektif Plate Count Agar (PCA) dengan metode Spread Plate. Pada setiap sampel pengujian dilakukan duplo. Media yang telah dikultur dengan obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak kemudian yang telah ditumbuhkan, diinkubasi selama 48 jam pada suhu 37oC. Perhitungan koloni pada setiap agar dilakukan secara manual, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam rumus penghitungan koloni sehingga didapatkan satuan CFU/mL. Pengujian baseline dan Pengulangan uji kontaminasi dilakukan setiap 2 minggu selama 1 bulan. Hasil: Pada minggu kedua tidak terdapat kontaminasi mikroba pada obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak. Sedangkan pada minggu keempat, terlihat koloni sebanyak 5x10 CFU/mL yang terbentuk pada media dengan kultur obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak pada suhu tinggi (40±2oC). Kesimpulan: Temperatur penyimpanan mempengaruhi kestabilan biologis obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak. Pada penelitian ini, sediaan obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak tetap stabil bebas kontaminasi mikroba setelah penyimpanan selama 4 minggu pada suhu rendah dan suhu ruang. Sedangkan pada penyimpanan selama 4 minggu pada suhu tinggi, terjadi kontaminasi minimal.

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Introduction: Curcuma extract has been reported to have effect on inhibition and eradication in vitro of C. albicans. Every drug during its development must pass biological, physical and chemical stability. One of the biological stability tests of drugs is testing for microbial contamination of drugs in 4 weeks.

Objective: To know the biological stability of oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract drugs using TPC to count, analyze and compare changes in the number of colonies with Colony Forming Units (CFU).

Methods: Oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract is stored at 3 temperatures (low temperature 4 ± 2oC; room temperature 28 ± 2oC; and high temperature 40 ± 2oC). Oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract is diluted with serial dilution and plated on nonselective medium Plate Count Agar (PCA) using the spread plate method. Duplo testing was carried out for each sample. Medium that has been cultured with oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract then incubated for 48 hours at 37oC. Colony counting for each agar is done manually, then entered into the colony counting formula to obtain CFU/mL units. Baseline test and repeated contamination tests were carried out every 2 weeks for 1 month.

Results: In the second week, there is no microbial contamination in oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract. Then, in the fourth week, it can be count 5x10 CFU/mL that formed on medium that has been cultured with oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract which stored in high temperature (40±2oC).

Conclusion: Storage temperature affects the biological stability of oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract. In this research, oromucosal drops containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanoic extract remained stable and free of microbial contamination after 4 weeks of storage at low and room temperature. Meanwhile in storage for 4 weeks at high temperature, there was minimal contamination."

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Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan utama di Indonesia merupakan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan. Penyakit saluran pernapasan dapat diakibatkan oleh jamur, sehingga disebut mikosis paru. Jamur-jamur penyebab infeksi saluran pernapasan pada manusia terdiri atas banyak spesies mulai dari spesies-spesies Candida sp. hingga spesies jamur penyebab mikosis yang lebih patogen, yaitu Aspergillus fumigatus. Metode biakan spesimen respirasi berupa sputum dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies jamur penyebab mikosis paru. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah spesies yang dapat tumbuh pada media Agar Saboraud Dekstrosa dengan metode biakan konvensional menggunakan agar miring dengan metode biakan High Volume Culture pada cawan petri (plate). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang di mana jenis dan jumlah spesies yang dapat tumbuh diidentifikasi dari sputum yang dibiakan pada metode yang berbeda. Data jumlah spesies yang didapat pada dua metode berbeda tersebut kemudian dianalisis korelasinya dengan uji McNemar dan didapatkan nilai kemaknaan P=0.000. Hubungan antara metode biakan dengan hasil kultur mempunyai korelasi yang signifikan (P<0.05).

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One of the main health problems in Indonesia is respiratory disease. Respiratory disease can be caused by fungus, so-called lung mycosis. The fungi species that cause respiratory infections in humans are ranged from Candida sp. to more dangerous species Aspergillus fumigatus. Culture methods using respiration specimen especially sputum can be used to identify species of fungi that cause pulmonary mycosis. This study was conducted to compare the number of species that can grow on Saboraud Dextrose Agar by using conventional culture methods on sloped agar and high volume culture method on plate. This study uses a cross-sectional design in which the data of species and number of species are acquired from different culture methods. The correlation of data between culture methods and number of species are analyzed with McNemar test and it shows significancy value P=0.000. The relationship between the culture method and culture result has a significant correlation (P<0.05).

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"Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan utama di Indonesia merupakan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan. Penyakit saluran pernapasan dapat diakibatkan oleh jamur, sehingga disebut mikosis paru. Jamur-jamur penyebab infeksi saluran pernapasan pada manusia terdiri atas banyak spesies mulai dari spesies-spesies Candida sp. hingga spesies jamur penyebab mikosis yang lebih patogen, yaitu Aspergillus fumigatus. Metode biakan spesimen respirasi berupa sputum dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies jamur penyebab mikosis paru. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil kultur yang dapat tumbuh pada media agar saboraud dekstrosa dengan metode biakan konvensional menggunakan agar miring dan metode biakan High Volume Culture pada cawan petri (plate). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang di mana hasil kultur diidentifikasi dari sputum yang dibiakan pada metode yang berbeda. Data hasil kultur pada dua metode berbeda tersebut kemudian dianalisis korelasinya dengan uji McNemar dan didapatkan nilai kemaknaan p=0.000. Hubungan antara metode biakan dengan hasil kultur mempunyai korelasi yang signifikan (p<0.05). Oleh karena itu, metode High Volume Culture merupakan metode yang lebih baik untuk menumbuhkan lebih banyak koloni jamur termasuk Aspergillus fumigatus dibandingkan dengan metode kultur konvensional.

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One of the main health problems in Indonesia is respiratory disease. Respiratory disease can be caused by fungus, so-called lung mycosis. The fungi species that cause respiratory infections in humans are ranged from Candida sp. to more dangerous species such as Aspergillus fumigatus. Culture methods using respiratory specimen especially sputum can be used to identify species of fungi that cause pulmonary mycosis. This study was conducted to compare the culture results between conventional culture methods on sloped agar and high volume culture method on plate. This study used a cross-sectional design in which the data of culture results were obtained from different culture methods. High volume culture method grew more colonies including Aspergillus fumigatus than conventional culture method which grew no Aspergillus fumigatus. The correlation of data between culture methods and culture results were analyzed with McNemar test and it showed p=0.000. The relationship between the culture method and culture results has a significant correlation (p<0.05). Therefore, high volume culture was a better method to grow more fungal colonies including Aspergillus fumigatus than conventional culture method."

"Lingkungan kerja dapat mempengaruhi kinerja seseorang dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugasnya baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Kantor PLK adalah salah satu kantor yang terkena pajanan getaran dan kebisingan akibat jarak kantor yang cukup berdekatan dengan rel dan Warning Signal Kereta Api. Dalam penelitian ini penulis mencoba menganalisa apakah getaran dan kebisingan yang diterima para karyawan PLK sudah melebih nilai ambang batas yang telah ditetapkan. Setelah dilakukan pengukuran pajanan getaran dan kebisingan, hasil yang didapatkan adalah pajanan getaran yang dialami para karyawan PLK belum melebihi batas yang telah ditetapkan tetapi pajanan kebisingan yang dialami para karyawan PLK cukup tinggi terutama untuk karyawan di lantai 1 karena ruangan di lantai 1 merupakan ruangan terbuka sedangkan ruangan di lantai 2 adalah ruangan tertutup. Hasil penelitian menyarankan ruangan-ruangan di lantai 1 juga dibuat tertutup sama seperti di lantai 2. Selain itu, pembangunan pembatas di sekitar gedung PLK dan pemasangan peredam suara juga akan menurunkan level kebisingan tersebut.

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Work environment can affect an individual's performance in carrying out their duties either directly or indirectly. ?Pembinaan Lingkungan Kampus? (PLK) office is one of the offices affected by exposure to vibration and noise due to the distance that the office is quite close to the rail and Warning Signal Railway. In this experiment the author tries to analyze whether the vibration and noise received by the employees of PLK are already exceeds the threshold value has been determined or not. After exposure to vibration and noise measurements, the results obtained is the vibration exposure experienced by the employees have not exceeded a predetermined limit, but the noise exposure experienced by the employees of PLK is quite high, especially for employees in the first floor because the room on the first floor is an open space while on the 2nd floor, the rooms are enclosed rooms. The results suggest the rooms on the first floor have to be covered as are made on the 2nd floor. In addition, construction of barrier around the building and installation of silencers in PLK will also reduce the noise level."

"Counting bacteria colonies uses Total Plate Count (TPC) method which isgenerally done by seeing, counting, naked eyes and time consuming. The aim of research is to make an image processing algorithm that is able to count the total bacteria colonies on the TPC method which is can be applied without any special equipment, and to provide informations about the best configuration in its application. This research was done by making an image processing algorithm based on gray-scale image segmentation, using MATLAB, and testing its accuracy in counting bacteria colonies. The result showed that the optimal threshold value for black background is between 0.67 and 0.79, and the optimal threshold value for white background was between 0.01 and 0.09. This experiment revealed that low value o f disk shape morphological structuring element could give the optimal detection of bacteria colonies. In conclutions, the total numbers of bacteria colonies which was counted by gray-scale image segmentation which one of image processing algorithm method was not statistically different compared to manual counting. Automation is one side o f technology that can help human doing something with easiness and simplicity. Digital image processing is one kind o f automation. Counting bacteria colonies using Total Plate Count (TPC) commonly done by counting bacteria colonies manually, it was very time consuming. The aim of thisresearch is to make an image processing algorithm that able to count total bacteria colonies on the TPC method which can be applied without require special equipment, and to provide information about best configuration in its application. This research was done by making an image processing algorithm based on color image segmentation using MATLAB, and testing its accuracy in counting bacteria colonies. The results showed that the total numbers of bacteria colonies as the result o f counting by image processing algorithm based on color image segmentation were not different statistically compared to manual counting. A good detection o f bacteria colonies was depends on the configuration o f some parameters, such as color sampling, value o f color tolerance, shape and value o f morphological structuring element."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak kebisingan yang dihasilkan oleh Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL) terhadap permukiman di sekitar Stasiun Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Kebisingan dari transportasi umum, seperti KRL, merupakan salah satu masalah lingkungan perkotaan yang signifikan. Tujuan penelitian ini meliputi: menganalisis tingkat kebisingan horizontal di daerah permukiman sekitar Stasiun Universitas Indonesia; mengevaluasi pengaruh hari pengambilan terhadap tingkat kebisingan; dan memberikan rekomendasi alternatif untuk mengurangi kebisingan tersebut. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kebisingan rata-rata di titik-titik pengukuran (F: 71,867 dB(A), G: 55,032 dB(A), dan H: 68,814 dB(A)) melebihi batas kebisingan nasional (55 dB(A)), terutama pada hari libur. Analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dalam tingkat kebisingan antara titik pengukuran yang berbeda, namun tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara hari kerja dan hari libur. Studi ini merekomendasikan penggunaan teknologi peredam kebisingan pada rel KRL dan pembangunan penghalang buatan atau penanaman vegetasi untuk mengurangi dampak kebisingan terhadap komunitas sekitar.

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This study aims to examine the impact of noise generated by Electric Commuter Trains (KRL) on residential areas near Universitas Indonesia Station, Jakarta. Noise from public transportation, such as KRL, is a significant urban environmental issue. The objectives of this study include analyzing horizontal noise levels in residential areas around Universitas Indonesia Station; evaluating the influence of weekdays versus weekends on noise levels; and providing alternative recommendations to mitigate noise pollution. Measurement results indicate that average noise levels at measurement points (F: 71.867 dB(A), G: 55.032 dB(A), and H: 68.814 dB(A)) exceed the national noise limit (55 dB(A)), especially on weekends. Statistical analysis reveals significant differences in noise levels among different measurement points, but no significant difference between weekdays and weekends. The study recommends the implementation of noise reduction technologies on railway tracks and the construction of artificial barriers or vegetation planting to reduce noise impact on the surrounding community."