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"Latar belakang : Pelaksanaan penjaringan sebagai tindakan pencegahan karies gigi melalui identifikasi faktor risiko dan deteksi dini memiliki kendala seperti keterbatasan waktu dan tenaga kesehatan. Di sisi lain, kamera intraoral dengan resolusi yang baik, integrasi penyimpanan, dan konektivitas nirkabel mulai dimanfaatkan di komunitas dan kegiatan penjaringan. Tujuan: Untuk mendapatkan informasi sikap dan kepuasan siswa serta sikap dan penerimaan operator terhadap penggunaan kamera intraoral dalam penjaringan karies gigi. Mengetahui perbedaan sikap dan kepuasan siswa dengan berbagai karakteristik. Metode: Studi pre-experimental dengan instrumen kuesioner terhadap 191 siswa kelas enam sekolah dasar negeri di Jakarta Pusat dan Jakarta Selatan serta pada 26 Mahasiswa Profesi Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia sebagai operator. Hasil: Mayoritas siswa memiliki sikap yang positif dan merasa puas setelah pemeriksaan. Operator memiliki sikap dan penerimaan yang positif. Berdasarkan uji Chi-Square, didapatkan perbedaan proporsi yang bermakna (p <0,05) antara wilayah sekolah dasar dengan sikap awal siswa dan jenis kelamin dengan kepuasan siswa. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas siswa belum pernah diperiksa dengan kamera intraoral sebelumnya. Kamera intraoral diterima dengan positif untuk penjaringan karies gigi. Mayoritas operator belum pernah menggunakan kamera intraoral sebelumnya. Penggunaan alat ini dapat diperkenalkan lebih luas kepada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat mencoba ke tenaga kesehatan lain atau non tenaga kesehatan.

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Background: The implementation of screening as a preventive measure for dental caries through risk factor identification and early detection has constraints such as time constraints and lack of health workers. On the other hand, intraoral cameras with good resolution, storage integration, and wireless connectivity are starting to be used in communities and screening programs. Objective: To describe the attitudes and satisfaction of students, the attitudes and acceptance of operators towards the use of intraoral cameras in dental caries screening. To find out the significant differences ini attitudes and satisfaction of students with various student characteristics. Methods: Preexperimental study using questionnaire for 191 sixth grade students of public elementary schools in Central Jakarta and South Jakarta and 26 dental professions students of Universitas Indonesia as operators. Results: The majority of students had a positive attitude and were satisfied after the examination. Operators had positive attitudes and acceptance. Based on the Chi-Square test, there was a significant difference in proportion (p < 0.05) between elementary school region and students’ initial attitude, gender and students’ satisfaction. Conclusion: The majority of students had never been examined with an intraoral camera before. The intraoral camera was positively accepted for dental caries screening. The majority of operators had never used an intraoral camera before. The use of this tool can be introduced more widely to dental students. Future research can try this method to other health workers or non-health workers"

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Prevalensi karies gigi remaja di Indonesia masih tinggi. Salah satunya karena perilaku kesehatan gigi yang masih buruk. Perilaku remaja yang tidak stabil secara emosional dapat mempengaruhi perawatan kesehatan giginya. Keadaan kesehatan gigi yang buruk akan berdampak pada kepercayaan diri dalam hubungan sosialnya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan evaluasi penilaian determinan kesehatan gigi remaja. Alat ukur yang sesuai dengan karakteristik remaja, sampai saat ini belum tersedia. Tujuan penelitian adalah membuat alat ukur untuk mengukur perilaku kesehatan gigi remaja dan menguji model perilaku kesehatan gigi remaja berdasarkan theory of planned behavior serta menentukan determinannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi deskriptif eksploratif dengan desain cross sectional. Sejumlah 723 siswa SMP berusia 13-15 tahun adalah siswa SMP di Kota Bandung menjadi subjek penelitian. Sampel dipilih dengan metoda probability proportional to size (PPS) menggunakan random group methods. Penelitian terdiri dari: (1) membuat alat ukur dan memvalidasinya; (2) menilai perilaku kesehatan gigi remaja dan plak skor (3) menguji model determinan perilaku kesehatan gigi remaja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, alat ukur perilaku kesehatan gigi remaja (oral hygiene, dietary habits, dental attendance) berdasarkan theory of planned behavior serta perilaku aktual (oral hygiene, dietary habits, dental attendance), dan dengan dua faktor terkait yaitu harapan hasil sosial dan pengetahuan dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Hasil untuk model struktural ketiga perilaku kebersihan gigi, kebiasaan diet, kunjungan ke Dokter Gigi, berdasarkan theory of planned behaviour, harapan hasil sosial dan pengetahuan hasilnya data fit (sesuai dengan model). Hasil analisis hubungan (1) model struktural perilaku kebersihan gigi: kontrol perilaku, harapan hasil sosial dan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi mempengaruhi skor plak melalui intensi dan perilaku aktual kebersihan gigi, (2) model struktural perilaku kebiasaan diet: kontrol perilaku dan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi mempengaruhi skor plak melalui intensi dan perilaku aktual kebiasaan diet, (3) model struktural perilaku kunjungan ke Dokter Gigi: kontrol perilaku dan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi mempengaruhi skor plak melalui intensi dan perilaku aktual kunjungan ke Dokter Gigi (4) model struktural perilaku kesehatan gigi: ketiga kontrol perilaku (kebersihan gigi, kebiasaan diet dan kunjungan ke Dokter Gigi) berkonstribusi kuat terhadap masing-masing intensi (kebersihan gigi, kebiasaan diet dan kunjungan ke Dokter Gigi), dan yang terbesar konstribusinya adalah kontrol perilaku kebiasaan diet. Kesimpulan, kontrol perilaku yang kuat pada komponen intensi akan menentukan ketiga perilaku kesehatan gigi pada remaja, namun yang secara empiris menentukan adanya hubungan dengan skor plak hanya perilaku kebersihan gigi dan kebiasaan diet.

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The prevalence of adolescent caries in Indonesia is still high. Poor oral health behaviour is one of the causes. Unstable emotional behaviour in adolescent can affect their oral health care. Poor oral health condition can affect their self-confident in social environment. Therefore evaluation for adolescent oral health determinant and assessment is needed. Measuring instruments that suitable for adolescent characteristics are not yet available. The purpose for this research is to make an effective measuring instrument to assess adolescent oral health behaviour and to test adolescent the model of oral health behaviour based on theory of planned behavior alongside by determining the determinants. This research uses explorative description with cross sectional design. A total of 723 junior high school students aged 13-15 years in the city of Bandung became the subject of study.The sample was chosen with probability proportional to size (PPS) method using random group methods. The research consist of (1) make an effective measuring instrument and validate it; (2) assessing adolescent oral health behavior and score plaque (3) assessing the determinant model of adolescent oral health behaviour. Research result shown that measuring instrument of adolescent oral health behaviour based on theory of planned behaviour, the expectation of social outcome, oral health knowledge, and actual behaviour confirmed as valid and reliable. The result of third structural oral hygiene behaviour model, dietary habits, dental based on the theory of planned behaviour, expected social outcome and knowledge which resulted of data fit with model. The result of result of relationship analysis consist of (1) structural models of oral hygiene behaviors: perceived behavior control, expectations social outcomes and oral health knowledge influence plaque scores through the intention and actual behavior of oral hygiene, (2) structural models of dietary habits: perceived behavior control and oral health knowledge influence plaque scores through the intention and actual behavior of dietary habits, (3) structural models of dental attandance: perceived behavior control and oral health knowledge influence plaque scores through the intention and actual behavior of dental attendance (4) structural models of oral health behavior: perceived behaviora control (oral hygiene, dietary habits and dental attandance) have a strong contribution to each intention (oral hygiene, dietary habits and dental attandance), and the biggest contribution is perceived behaver control of dietary habits. Conclusion, strong perceived behavioral control on the intention component will determine the three oral health behaviors in adolescents, but which empirically determines the association with plaque scores only oral hygiene behavior and dietary habits.

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"Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan data dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2018, angka gigi berlubang pada anak di Indonesia mencapai 92,6%. Masalah rongga mulut yang sering terjadi pada anak adalah karies dini/Early Childhood Caries (ECC) yang terjadi pada anak usia 3-6 tahun. ECC yang tidak dirawat akan menyebabkan rasa sakit, abses, pembengkakan, gangguan mastikasi, dan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya karies pada gigi tetap anak. Akibat dari pandemi COVID-19 yang penularannya dapat terjadi melalui aerosol dan droplet menyebabkan adanya limitasi kunjungan ke dokter gigi. Sebagai tindakan pencegahan karies, maka perlu diberikan komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi (KIE) mengenai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak (PKGMA) kepada orang tua. Pengetahuan orang tua berdampak pada kesehatan gigi dan mulut anaknya. Untuk mengurangi penyebaran infeksi maka dilakukan pembatasan sosial, berdasarkan hal tersebut, orang tua perlu diberikan KIE menggunakan media visual secara daring melalui platform video conference mengenai PKGMA. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan orang tua mengenai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak, sebelum dan setelah dilakukan KIE menggunakan media visual secara daring. Metode: Dilakukan penelitian eksperimental secara daring sebanyak 45 orang tua murid dengan anak usia 3-6 tahun yang terdaftar di TK dan RA dipilih secara acak di Kecamatan Setia Budi, Jakarta Selatan yang bersedia mengisi kuesioner sebelum dan setelah pemberian KIE dengan menggunakan media visual secara daring mengenai PKGMA. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji non-parametrik Wilcoxon, menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada skor total pengetahuan orang tua mengenai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak setelah diberikan KIE dengan media visual secara daring. Kesimpulan: Media visual secara daring dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan orang tua mengenai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak pada masa pandemi COVID-19.

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Background: According to Indonesia Baseline Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2018, the prevalence of caries experiences in children is 92,6%. Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a major oral health problem found in the 3 -6 years old age group. Untreated decayed teeth can lead to pain, abscess, swelling, difficulties in eating, and increase the risk of caries development in permanent dentition. However, due to COVID-19 pandemic, which can be transmitted through droplets and aerosols, it causes the limitation of dental visits. Parents’ knowledge has an impact on children’s oral health. Therefore, in order to prevent ECC, communication, information, and education intervention regarding children oral health care should be given to the parents via online. Social distancing measures are used to reduce the spreading of infection, based on this condition, parents are being given online communication, information, and education using visual media via video conferences platform regarding children oral health maintenance.

Objectives: To identify the differences of parental knowledge regarding children oral health care before and after online communication, information, and education using visual media.

Methods: The design of this study is an experimental study a total of 45 parents with children of age 3-6 years from randomly selected preschool at Setia Budi, South Jakarta were asked to fill out the questionnaire before and after online communication, information, and education using visual media via video conferences platform.

Results: Based on non-parametric Wilcoxon test, there is a significant differences of parental knowledge on children oral health care after online communication, information, and education using visual media.

Conclusion: Online visual media could improve the parental knowledge on children oral health care during COVID-19 pandemic."

"Tujuan: Diketahuinya kualitas, kegunaan, reliabilitas, visibilitas, dan popularitas video berbahasa Indonesia mengenai karies gigi di YouTube sebagai sumber informasi bagi masyarakat. Metode: Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah systematic review yang mengikuti petunjuk PRISMA. Sebanyak 300 video di-screening, kemudian dicatat durasi total, jumlah views, likes, dislikes, pengunggah, dan tanggal mengunggah video. Kategori pengunggah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengguna individu dan profesional kesehatan. Setelah dieksklusi, sebanyak 100 video dilakukan analisis kualitas, kegunaan, reliabilitas, visibilitas, dan popularitas dengan menggunakan penilaian GQS, nilai kegunaan, Discern, viewing rate, dan interaction index. Hasil: Berdasarkan penelitian, terdapat 78% video yang diunggah oleh pengguna individu. Namun, visibilitas dan popularitas video yang diunggah oleh profesional kesehatan memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi daripada pengguna individu. Pada analisis mengenai kualitas, kegunaan, dan reliabilitas, video yang diunggah oleh profesional kesehatan juga memiliki nilai lebih tinggi daripada pengguna individu. Video dengan durasi lebih dari 6 menit memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dan popularitas lebih tinggi, namun visibilitasnya lebih rendah daripada durasi hingga 6 menit. Video dengan kualitas lebih buruk memiliki visibilitas yang tinggi, namun popularitasnya rendah. Sedangkan video dengan kegunaan dan reliabilitas lebih baik memiliki visibilitas yang tinggi, namun popularitasnya lebih rendah. Kesimpulan: Dalam penelitian ini, video YouTube yang diunggah oleh profesional kesehatan memiliki kualitas, kegunaan, reliabilitas, visibilitas, dan popularitas yang lebih baik daripada video yang diunggah oleh pengguna individu. Namun, sebagian besar video YouTube mengenai karies gigi dalam penelitian ini diunggah oleh pengguna individu sehingga menyulitkan pengguna YouTube untuk mencari sumber informasi yang tepat karena sumber pengunggah dari profesional kesehatan masih terbilang sedikit

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Objective: This study aims to find out how the quality, usefulness, reliability, visibility, and popularity of Indonesian videos about dental caries on YouTube as a source of information for the community. Methods: The design used in this study is systematic review that follows PRISMAs instructions. A total of 300 videos were screened, then recorded the total duration, number of views, likes, dislikes, uploaders, and upload date of the video. The categories of uploaders used in this study were individual users and health professionals. After exclusion, as many as 100 videos were analysed for quality, usefulness, reliability, visibility, and popularity using GQS, usefulness score, Discern score, viewing rate, and interaction index. Results: Based on the research, there are 78% of videos uploaded by individual users. However, the visibility and popularity of videos uploaded by health professionals has a higher value than individual users. In an analysis of quality, usefulness, and reliability, videos uploaded by health professionals also have higher value than individual users. Videos with a duration of more than 6 minutes have better quality and higher popularity, while visibility is lower than the duration of up to 6 minutes. Videos with poorer quality have high visibility, but their popularity is low. While videos with better usefulness and reliability have high visibility, their popularity is lower. Conclusion: In this study, YouTube videos uploaded by health professionals had better quality, usefulness, reliability, visibility, and popularity than videos uploaded by individual users. However, most of the YouTube videos about dental caries in this study were uploaded by individual users making it difficult for YouTube users to find the right source of information because there are still not many sources of uploaders from health professionals."

"An oral health behavior and caries occurrence survey had been performed in 663 children of the 12 years old in Palembang and would be compared to the Dutch children. The subjects were selected in astratified random sampling for the cross sectional design. The results revealed that the knowledge, attitude and behavior of oral health of the children in Palembang were lower. Dental fear between the two groups showed a significant factor with dental caries occurence. However, among the children in Palembang showed that the group without caries had no dental fear twice higher than the group with dental caries. (p<0.05. OR: 0.56. Cl 0.38:0.79)."

"Latar belakang: Di Indonesia, prevalensi karies gigi berkisar antara 85% - 99% dan 67.4% pria umur 15 tahun atau lebih merokok. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan keparahan karies gigi dan intensitas merokok pada pria Indonesia umur 45 – 54 tahun (n = 34.534), responden Riskesdas 2007. Metode: Pengalaman karies gigi (DMFT) dicatat oleh enumerator yang sudah dilatih. Enumerator juga mencatat karakteristik sosiodemografik (umur, pekerjaan, status sosial ekonomi, pendidikan) perilaku kesehatan gigi (gosok gigi) dan merokok responden. 31.4 % responden DMFT-nya ≥ 8, cut off point karies gigi parah dalam penelitian ini. Uji Chi-square digunakan untuk mendeteksi kemaknaan perbedaan prevalensi karies gigi parah pada perokok berat (BI ≥ 400) dan pada yang tidak pernah merokok (BI = 0). Regresi logistik digunakan untuk meng-estimasi besarnya peran merokok berat pada keparahan karies gigi. Hasil: Prevalensi karies gigi parah pada yang tidak pernah merokok, perokok ringan (BI 1-399) dan perokok berat berturut turut adalah, 24,9 %; 32,5 % dan 38,7% (P <0,005). Dibanding yang tidak pernah merokok, adjusted OR karies gigi parah pada perokok ringan dan perokok berat adalah 1,45 (95% CI 1,37-1,53) dan 1,70 (95% CI: 1,59 – 1,81). Kesimpulan: Merokok merupakan salah satu faktor risiko karies gigi parah pada pria Indonesia dan semakin berat intensitas merokoknya, semakin besar pula risikonya. Saran: Para dokter gigi Indonesia, baik secara perorangan, maupun secara kolektif, perlu ambil bagian secara lebih sungguh sungguh dalam pengendalian tembakau di Indonesia

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Background: In Indonesia, dental caries the prevalence between 85% - 99% and 67.4% of males aged 15 years or older currently used tobacco. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the association between dental caries severity and smoking intensity in 45 – 54 years old Indonesian males (n = 34.534), respondents of Basic Health Research 2007. 31.4 % of respondents have DMFT value ≥ 8, the cut off point of severe dental caries in this study. Methods: The dental caries experience (DMFT) were recorded by well trained enumerators. In addition, the enumerators recorded sociodemographic characteristics (age, socio-economic status, education, job), tooth brushing and smoking behavior of respondents. Chisquare test was used to detect significant difference on prevalence of severe dental caries between heavy smokers (BI ≥ 400) and never smokers (BI = 0). Logistic regression was used to estimate contribution of heavy smoking on dental caries severity. Result: The prevalence of severe dental caries on never smokers, light smokers (BI 1-399) and heavy smokers were 24,9 %; 32,5 % and 38,7% respectively (P <0,005). Compared to never smokers, the adjusted OR of light smokers and heavy smokers were 1,45 (95% CI 1,37-1,53) and 1,69 (95% CI: 1,59 – 1,80). Conclusion: Smoking is a risk factor of severe dental caries in Indonesian men and the higher the smoking intensity, the higher the risk. Recommendation: Indonesian dentists, individually and collectively have to take part more seriously in smoking prevention and control in Indonesia."

"In Indonesia town people are being increased almost two fold. Puskesmas is given toothache for low income people specially for anxious people to toothache. The percentage of toothache, pulpitis and periapical membrane disease for people took the fourth rank from nine non contagious diseases at Penjaringan are 2,9%. The objective of the research were to determine the relation of knowledge attitude and behavior aspects about dental cries with DMF-T index and to determine the classification of slum and non-slum areas regarding the above mention on the elementary school students. "

"Latar Belakang: Kebersihan rongga mulut yang buruk dapat menyebabkan perkembangan karies gigi dan periodontitis. Lingkungan rongga mulut yang meliputi saliva mengandung berbagai faktor host defense dengan pH yang dapat digunakan untuk memeriksa hubungan biomarker saliva dengan penyakit rongga mulut dimana pH saliva dapat meningkat atau menurun akibat aktivitas mikroba. Dalam mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri yang berlebihan, nitrat dan nitrit dalam saliva berperan dalam pembentukan nitrogen monoksida (NO) dengan potensi efek protektif, terutama dalam proses fisiologis tubuh manusia. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) dengan kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan pH saliva. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian laboratorik dan observasional menggunakan 20 sampel saliva kelompok dewasa muda usia 18-30 tahun di provinsi Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta. Sampel saliva subjek diuji dengan Griess Reaction untuk mengukur kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) dan dibaca menggunakan plate reader pada panjang gelombang 600 nm. Selanjutnya, data diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Nilai korelasi antara kadar nitrogen monoksida dengan kebersihan rongga mulut (r) sebesar 0,390 dengan p>0,05 dan nilai korelasi antara kadar nitrogen monoksida dengan pH saliva (r) sebesar -0,53 dengan p>0,05. Kesimpulan: Kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) pada sampel saliva kelompok dewasa muda tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kebersihan rongga mulut (OHI-S) dan pH saliva, serta tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kadar nitrogen monoksida (NO) sampel saliva kelompok dewasa muda baik berdasarkan kategori OHI-S maupun jika dibandingkan dengan sampel saliva kelompok anak.

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Background: Poor oral hygiene can cause the development of dental caries and periodontitis. The oral cavity environment which includes saliva contains various host defense factors with salivary pH which can be used to examine the relationship between salivary biomarkers and oral disease where salivary pH can increase or decrease due to microbial activity. In preventing excessive bacterial growth, nitrates and nitrites in saliva play a role in the formation of nitric oxide (NO) with potential protective effects, especially in the physiological processes of the human body. Aim: To analyze the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) levels on dental and oral hygiene (OHI-S) and salivary pH. Methods: This research is a laboratory and observational study using 20 saliva samples from a group of young adults aged 18-30 years in the provinces of West Java and DKI Jakarta. The subject’s saliva samples were tested with Griess Reaction and read using a plate reader at a wavelength of 600 nm. Furthermore, the data was processed using SPSS. Results: The correlation value of r was 0,390 with p>0,05 between nitric oxide levels and oral hygiene and the correlation value of r was -0,53 with p>0,05 between nitric oxide levels and salivary pH. Conclusion: Nitric oxide (NO) levels in saliva samples from the young adult group are not related to oral hygiene (OHI-S) and salivary pH, and there are no mean differences either based on the OHI-S category or when compared with saliva samples from the children’s group.

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"ABSTRAKTujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan video animasi dan video nonanimasi sebagai media pendidikan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan anak tunagrahita ringan mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya. Metode: Subjek penelitian adalah 20 siswa SDLB Ar-Rahman diberikan edukasi menggunakan video animasi dan 14 siswa SDLB Mahardika menggunakan video non-animasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pre and post test design. Hasil: Ada perbedaan bermakna antara peningkatan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah edukasi (p=0.000). Namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara peningkatan pengetahuan menggunakan video animasi dengan menggunakan video nonanimasi (p=0.457). Kesimpulan: Video animasi dan non-animasi tidak memiliki perbedaan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anaktunagrahita ringan.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the differences between animated and non-animated video as a medium of education in improving the knowledge of mild mental retardation children about their oral health. Methods: The subjects were 20 students of SLB Ar-Rahman, who were given education using animated video and 14 students of SLB Mahardika who were given education using non-animated video. This study used a pre and post test design. Results: There are significant differences in improvement of knowledge between before and after education (p=0.000). However, there are no significant difference between the increase in knowledge using animated viedo and using non-animated videos (p=0457).Conclusion: animated and non-animated video does not have a difference in improving the oral health knowledge on mild mental retardation children."

"Prevalensi karies gigi yang ditunjukkan dengan decayed, missing dan filled teeth (DMF-T) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran faktor individu, rumahtangga dan kabupaten/kota terhadap kejadian karies gigi guna menyusun model pengendalian karies gigi di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (provinsi dengan riwayat karies gigi tertinggi). Desain penelitian ini campuran (hybrid) antara ecological study dan cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi, pengambilan sampel air dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik multilevel (dengan mixed-effect model). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktorfaktor pada tingkat individu (frekuensi menggosok gigi, kebersihan gigi dan mulut dan kebiasaan makan makanan asam/bercuka), tingkat rumahtangga (jenis sumber dan keasaman air) dan tingkat kabupaten/kota (ketersediaan perawat gigi dan dokter gigi, angka gizi buruk dan besar anggaran kesehatan per kapita) berpengaruh terhadap prevalensi karies gigi berat pada penduduk dewasa, dimana secara keseluruhan dapat menjelaskan variasi risiko karies gigi sebesar 73,6%. Model pengendalian karies gigi yang sesuai dengan kondisi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung adalah menggabungkan pengendalian faktor pada tingkat individu, rumahtangga dan kabupaten/kota.

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Dental caries prevalence, indicated by decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF-T), remains a global public health problem, including Indonesia. The objective of this research was to address the role of individual factors, households, and regency/municipality in explaining dental caries incidence, in order to formulate a model to control dental caries in Kepulauan Bangka Belitung—the province with the highest dental caries prevalence in Indonesia. This research was designed as a combination (hybrid) of cross-sectional and ecological studies. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through interview, dental health examination by dentists, water sampling, and in-depth interviews. A multilevel logistic regression (mixed-effect) model was fitted to the data. The results show that the explanatory variables at individual (frequency of teeth brushing, dental and mouth hygiene, and acidic food consumption), household (main water source and acidity), and regency/municipality (availability of dentist and dental nurse, malnutrition, and per capita health budget) levels influenced the prevalence of severe dental caries among adults; they all explained 73.6% of the variation in risk of dental caries. The appropriate disease control model, given the local conditions of Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province, is one that integrates control of risk factors at individual, household, and regency/municipality levels. "