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"Pengulangan radiografi konvensional merupak salah satu indikator mutu instalasi radiologi Rumah Sakit Otak DR Drs M Hatta Bukittinggi. Sampai saat ini hasil penilaian pengulangan radiografi konvensional sangat fluktuatif, walaupun sudah ada perbaikan. Hasil yang fluktuatif ini cukup mendapatkan perhatian. Hal ini terjadi karena menjadi faktor pengurang dalam indikator kinerja Unit, indicator kinerja individu yang berpengaruh terhadap poin remunerasi staf. Selain itu pengulangan radiografi konvensional juga berakibat terhadap manajemen resiko. Pengulangan radiografi konvensional meningkatkan angka paparan radiasi kepada pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi faktor yang memberikan pengaruh pada pengulangan radiografi konvensional. Penelitian menggunakan konsep mutu Donabedian. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis matriks dan konten. Informan penelitian berjumlah 19 orang mulai dari direksi hingga kepala ruangan terkait. Sedangkan data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan wawancara langsung dan data sekunder menggunakan dokumen dan arsip. Dari komponen yang diteliti, maka maka dapat disimpulkan faktor penyebab pengulangan radiografi konvensional, yang sangat mungkin mempengaruhi satu sama lainnya antara lain kepatuhan SDM terhadap SOP, alat konvensional dan alat prosessing CR serta komponen administrasi pasien.

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The repetition of conventional radiographs is one indicator of the quality of the radiology installation at the Drs M Hatta Bukittinggi Brain Hospital. Until now, the results of conventional radiographic repeat assessment are very fluctuating, although there have been improvements. These fluctuating results are getting enough attention. This happens because it becomes a deducting factor in the unit performance indicators, individual performance indicators that affect staff remuneration points. In addition, the repetition of conventional radiographs also has an impact on risk management. The repetition of conventional radiographs increases the rate of radiation exposure to the patient. This study aims to analyze and identify the factors that influence the repeatability of conventional radiographs. The research uses the Donabedian quality concept. Qualitative research method with matrix and content analysis. There were 19 research informants ranging from directors to heads of related rooms. While the data used is primary data with direct interviews and secondary data using documents and archives. From the components studied, it can be concluded that the factors causing the repetition of conventional radiographs, which are very likely to affect each other, include HR compliance with SOPs, conventional tools and CR processing tools as well as patient administration components."

"Radiografi dental panoramik merupakan teknik pencitraan gigi ekstraoral dengan menggunakan sinar-X. Penelitian tersebut dilakukan di RS. Pelni Petamburan dan RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Telah dilakukan pengukuran dosis kulit terhadap phantom radiografi kepala serta dosis kulit pasien radiografi dental panoramik menggunakan thermoluminiscence dosemerer (TLD). Jumlah pasien pemeriksaan radiografi dental panoramik adalah 20 orang dengan rentang umur 20-70 tahun masing-masing 10 orang untuk RS. Pelni Petamburan dan RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pengukuran dosis kulit dilakukan dengan meletakkan TLD di empat titik, yaitu 1 rahang kiri, rahang kanan, mulut, dan tiroid.

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Panoramic dental radiography is a technique of extraoral dental imaging which use X-ray. This research has been carried out in RS. Pelni Petamburan and RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Skin doses has been measured to a head radiography phantom and to patients of panoramic dental radiography by using thennoluminiscence dosimeter (TLD). The patients are 20 persons whose age between 20-70 years old and 10 persons for each hospitals. Measurement of skin doses has been done by positioning TLDs at four places: left jaw, right jaw, mouth, and thyroid."

"With more than 1,000 high-quality radiographs and illustrations, Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation, 7th Edition visually demonstrates the basic principles of oral and maxillofacial radiology along with their clinical application. First, you'll gain a solid foundation in radiation physics, radiation biology, and radiation safety and protection. Then you'll learn intraoral and extraoral imaging techniques, including specialized techniques such as MRI and CT. The second half of the book focuses on how to recognize the radiographic features of pathologic conditions and interpret radiographs accurately. This edition also includes new chapters on forensics and cone-beam imaging. Written by oral radiology experts Stuart White and Michael Pharoah, this book helps you provide state-of-the-art care! New to this edition: NEW chapter on cone-beam imaging keeps you current with emerging field requirements. NEW coverage of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) includes more of the normal anatomy of cross-sectional images of the maxilla and mandible along with variations of normal anatomy.Contents"

"Latar belakang: Karies merupakan penyakit dengan prevalensi paling tinggi di seluruh dunia. Terdapat beberapa metode untuk melakukan deteksi karies, metode yang paling sering digunakan adalah pemeriksaan klinis dan pemeriksaan radiografik. Namun salah satu kesulitan terbesar dalam melakukan deteksi karies dini menggunakan pemeriksaan radiografik adalah mendeteksi demineralisasi tahap awal yang hanya berdampak kepada enamel. Banyak kemajuan di bidang teknologi deteksi karies yang berfokus pada kemampuan mendeteksi perubahan sekecil apapun pada proses demineralisasi lesi. Salah satu teknik tersebut adalah teknik radiografi digital subtraksi. Saat ini sudah banyak piranti lunak digital yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan teknik subtraksi tetapi dengan tingkat akurasi yang berbeda. Dari berbagai penelitian yang telah dilakukan, tingkat subjektifitas dan pengalaman pembaca termasuk faktor yang mempengaruhi akurasi dalam deteksi lesi karies. Oleh karena itu pada pengujian alat uji diagnostik baru sangat diperlukan pembuktian validitas melalui uji intra dan inter pembaca. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat kesepakatan intra dan inter pembaca pada deteksi lesi karies dini menggunakan teknik radiografi digital subtraksi. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain laboratorik eksperimen dengan metode uji intra dan inter pembaca. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder dalam bentuk radiograf sebelum dan sesudah pembuatan lesi karies menggunakan teknik radiografi digital subtraksi dengan piranti lunak Image Registration v2.0. Seluruh gambaran subtraksi dinilai oleh 4 observer yang menyatakan ada atau tidak ada lesi karies dini pada gambaran subtraksi tersebut. Hasil: Penilaian hasil subtraksi dilakukan pada 36 permukaan gigi yang memiliki lesi karies dini dan 42 permukaan gigi yang tidak memiliki lesi karies dini. Tingkat kesepakatan intra pembaca berada pada kisaran moderate (0.41 hingga 0.53) dan kesepakatan keseluruhan berkisar antara 62% hingga 70%. Tingkat kesepakatan inter pembaca berada pada kisaran rendah (0.15 dan 0.16), kisaran fair (0.22, 0.28, dan 0.37), dan kisaran moderate (0.46). Kesepakatan inter pembaca untuk permukaan gigi yang tidak memiliki lesi karies dini pada penilaian pertama (0.2) dan penilaian kedua (0.18). Kesepakatan inter pembaca untuk permukaan gigi yang memiliki lesi karies dini pada penilaian pertama (0.23) dan penilaian kedua (0.31). Pembaca mendeteksi dan menentukan lokasi lesi karies dengan benar pada 212 dari 312 permukaan gigi yang dibaca. Kesimpulan: Nilai indeks Kappa intra dan inter pembaca berada di kisaran rendah hingga moderate, akan tetapi didapatkan nilai rerata tingkat kesepakatan keseluruhan yang cukup baik pada deteksi lesi karies dini menggunakan teknik radiografi digital subtraksi.

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Background: Caries is still by far the most prevalent disease in the world. Early diagnosis of caries is noticeably assisted by clinical and radiographic examination. The greatest difficulty in caries detection involves early demineralization, which is confined only to the enamel. There are many advances in caries detection technology, for example is the ability to perform detailed monitoring of the caries process and the ability to detect and quantify small changes in lesion mineralization. One such technique is the digital subtraction radiography. Currently, there are many software that can be used to perform subtraction but with different levels of accuracy. From various studies that have been conducted, the level of subjectivity and observer experience are among the factors that influence the accuracy in detection of caries lesions. Therefore, in testing new diagnostic tools, it is necessary to prove its validity through intra and inter observer tests. Objective: This study aims to determine the level of intra and inter observer agreement on early caries lesion detection using digital subtraction radiography. Methods: This study was conducted using an experimental laboratory design with intra and inter observer test methods. The study was conducted using secondary data in the form of radiographic images (before and after caries lesions were made) using digital subtraction radiography using Image Registration v2.0 software. All subtraction images were assessed by 4 observers who indicated the presence or absence of early caries lesions in the subtraction images. Observer’s assessment data were analyzed to obtain an intra and inter observer agreement level. Results: Assessment of the results of the subtraction was carried out on 36 tooth surfaces with early caries lesions and 42 surfaces without early caries lesions. Intra-observer agreement levels are moderate (0.41 to 0.53) and overall agreement ranged from 62% to 70%. Inter- observer agreements level are in the low range (0.15 and 0.16), the fair range (0.22, 0.28, and 0.37), and the moderate range (0.46). Inter-observer agreement for tooth surfaces without early caries lesions in the first (0.2) and second (0.18) assessments. Inter-observer agreement for tooth surfaces that had early caries lesions in the first (0.23) and second (0.31) assessments. The observer detected and correctly located the caries lesion on 212 of the 312 tooth surfaces. Conclusion: The intra and inter- observer Kappa index scores are in the low to moderate range, however, the overall agreement level average is quite good for early caries lesion detection using digital subtraction radiography."