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"Tumor lidah merupakan pertumbuhan sel kanker rongga mulut yang menjangkit pada jaringan lidah yang ditandai sehingga merusak fungsi lidah. Tanda gejala kanker lidah ditunjukkan dengan status kesehatan oral yang memburuk dimana timbul benjolan di lidah, sariawan yang disertai dengan sakit tenggorokan kronik, kehilangan fungsi menelan, serta muncul bercak warna merah atau putih pada lidah. Salah satu intervensi keperawatan mandiri berbasis bukti dalam meningkatakn status kesehatan oral pada pasien kanker lidah yaitu melakukan kebersihan mulut dengan kumur larutan teh hijau. Teh hijau berasal dari tanaman Camellia sinensis yang diketahui mengandung polifenol & katekin yang memiliki sifat antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antitumor, dan antimikroba untuk mengendalikan kerusakan mulut, periodontitis kronis, karies gigi, dan kanker mulut. Berkumur dengan secara rutin dengan teh hijau telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan serta mempertahankan status kesehatan mulut pada pasien kanker rongga mulut.

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Tongue tumors are the growth of oral cancer cells that infect the tongue tissue, thereby damaging the function of the tongue. Symptoms of tongue cancer are indicated by worsening oral health status where lumps appear on the tongue, mucositis accompanied by chronic sore throat, dysphagia, and red or white spots appearing on the tongue. Nurisng intervention based on evidance to improve oral health status in tongue cancer patients is carrying out oral hygiene by gargling with green tea solution. Green tea comes from the Camellia sinensis plant which is known to contain polyphenols & catechins which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antimicrobial to control oral decay, chronic periodontitis, dental caries and oral cancer. Routine gargling with green tea has been proven to improve and maintain oral health status in oral cancer patients."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Belum terdapat model hewan ulser standar untuk uji khasiat dan keamanan obat ulser. Tujuan: Membuat model ulser traumatik termal terstandar pada mukosa lateral lidah Mus musculus. Metode: Pada mukosa lateral kiri lidah 5 ekor Mus musculus kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan selama 5 detik dengan instrumen berujung bulat yang telah dipanaskan hingga mencapai suhu 800C. Hewan coba setelah dilakukan paparan trauma termal dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis pada hari 0,1,8,9, dan 10. Hasil: Ulser terbentuk secara klinis pada hari pertama yang diperkuat dengan adanya disintegrasi epitel, vasodilatasi pembuluh darah, dan sebukan sel radang. Berat badan Mus musculus menurun pada saat terjadi ulser dan kembali normal pada saat pulih. Rata-rata waktu pemulihan terjadi pada hari kesembilan yang ditandai secara klinis tidak tampak ulser, secara mikroskopis, epitel kembali pulih, vasodilatasi pembuluh darah dan sebukan sel radang yang berkurang. Kesimpulan : Model ulser traumatik termal pada mukosa lateral lidah Mus musculus dapat dibuat terstandar dan waktu terbentuk serta pulihnya ulser dapat ditetapkan.

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ABSTRACTBackgrounds There hasn 39 t been a standard on ulcer animal model for efficacy and safety study of ulcers drugs. Objectives To create a standard for thermal traumatic ulcer model on Mus musculus tongue. Methods Five Mus musculus of experimental group were exposed to thermal traumatic 800C for 5 seconds on to the left lateral tongue mucosa using ball pointed instrument. Animal model exposed to thermal traumatic being evaluated at day 0th,1st,8th,9th,10th macroscopically and microscopically. Results Ulcer on lateral tongue mucosa was formed at first day supported by epitel disintegration, capillary vasodilation, and inflammatory cells around damaged mucosa microscopically. Animal models weight decreased when ulcer was formed and back to normal on healing period. While the average healing time clinically occurred at ninth day supported by re epithelialization, decreased capillary vasodilatation and inflammatory cells microscopically. Conclusion Standardization of thermal traumatic ulcer model on lateral tongue mucosas Mus musculus can be made. The forming time and healing time of the ulcer on lateral tongue mucosas Mus musculus can be determined. "

"Today tongue pierching has become increasingly popular in the society. Several case reports associated with tongue pierching have presented various complications, such as tooth fracture, viral infection (HIV, Hepatitis B and C, herpes simplex, Epstein Barr), fungal infection (Candida spp), pain, altered taste, edema, paresthesis, gingival recession, prolonged bleeding, contact dermatitis. However, there is no scientific evidence to reveal histopathological change in tongue pierching. The aim of this study is to investigate the inflammation response to tongue pierching in Sprague Dawley rats. Eighteen Sprague Dawley rats were divided into one control group of 3 untreated rats and three experimental groups of 5 rats each, according to the duration of tongue pierching until the end of 1st week (A), 6th week (B), and 12th week (C). At the end of treatments, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. Paraffin embedded tongue specimens were prepared for histological examination with H&E staining. The number of on inflammatory cells (PMN leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages) was counted under light microscope. All experimental procedures were carried out under approval of study protocol by the Health and Medical Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The results of this study indicated that the number of PMN leukocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages was increasing to the 1st week after tongue piercing, but the number of PMN leukocytes and macrophages was still increasing after 6th untul 12th weeks of piercing, but the numbers of PMN leukocytes was decreasing. One way ANOVA (p<0.05) showed significant differences in the numbers of PMN leukocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages between the groups of 1st, 6th and 12th weeks after piercing. It was concluded that tongue piercing induce inflammatory response for 12 weeks in Sprague Dawley rats."

"Latar belakang. Ukuran sungkup laring yang tidak sesuai menyebabkan ventilasi yang tidak efektif dan komplikasi seperti peradangan sampai kerusakan pada saraf sehingga diperlukan metode untuk menentukan ukuran yang sesuai.Metode. Penelitian merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal dengan concealment dan 130 subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (berat badan dan lebar lidah). Lebar lidah dinilai dengan subjek menjulurkan lidah namun tidak ditegangkan lalu lebar lidah disesuaikan dengan penggaris papan segi empat yang dibuat sesuai dengan ukuran sungkup laring dengan inflasi minimal no. 2,5 sampai 5. Keefektifan pemasangan sungkup laring dinilai bila semua kriteria terpenuhi yaitu: 1) tekanan kebocoran orofaringeal/seal pressure ≥20 cmH₂O, 2) tekanan maksimal inspirasi (Ppeak_insp) ≤20 cmH₂O, 3) tidak terlihat sebagian kaf dalam rongga oral dan 4) perbedaan tidal volume inspirasi dan ekspirasi <5%  tercapai.Hasil. Secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara dua kelompok untuk masing-masing komponen penilaian keefektifan pemasangan sungkup laring kecuali untuk variabel OLP (p <0,05). Terdapat lebih banyak komplikasi berupa noda darah dan nyeri tenggorok pada kelompok BB dibanding kelompok LL dengan tingkat keberhasilan dan waktu lebih cepat pada pemasangan sungkup laring di kelompok BB dibandingkan kelompok LL.Simpulan. Penentuan ukuran sungkup laring pada ras Melayu menggunakan metode lebar lidah tidak lebih efektif dengan metode berat badan namun kejadian komplikasi lebih rendah.

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Background. Unsuitable laryngeal mask size selection causes ineffective ventilation and complications such as inflammation until neuropraxia, thus method to determine optimal size selection is needed.Methods. This was a randomized single blinded clinical study with concealment and 130 subjects were divided into 2 groups (body weight and tongue width). Subjects were asked to open their mouth and protrude the tongue in the relaxed manner and corresponded to rulers that were made from the width of laryngeal mask minimally inflated from size 2,5 to 5. The effectiveness of laryngeal mask insertion if all of the four criteria were met ie.1) oropharyngeal leak pressure/seal pressure ≥20 cmH₂O, 2) peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak_insp) ≤20 cmH₂O, 3) no presence of cuff in the mouth and 4) difference between inspiratory (VTi) and expiratory tidal volume (VTe) <5%.Results. All parameters were not statistically significant except the OLP (P <0,05). Meanwhile, subjects in BB group manifest more complications in the laryngeal mask than the LL group with faster speed and higher chance of <2x successful insertion than the LL group.Conclusion. Laryngeal mask insertion among Malay race using size selected based on tongue width was not more effective than based on body weight."

"The highly valued diagnostic technique that has been used for centuries by cultures around the world. A reliable diagnostic tool for monitoring the overall state of health. Easy to learn, effective and accurate. Determines a person's unique constitution. Detects imbalances and potential disease in the early stages. Reveals the underlying cause, stage and progression of a disease. Reflects the quality of Prana, blood, bodily fluids, and essence. Examines the expression of the Five Elements in each organ. Determines the state of physical, mental and emotional health. Mirrors the function of the organs, strength and depth of pathogenic factors. Provides immediate access to the body's pH balance, energy levels and health of the digestive system. [back cover"

"Pemilihan topik "fissured tongue" untuk penelitian adalah karena pada dasarnya masyarakat masih awam tentang kelainan ini sehingga sering mereka datang dengan keluhan ada celah-celah pada lidahnya yen disertai rasa pedih dan panas, bahkan juga suatu 'cancer phobi'. Oleh karena itu kami tergerak untuk meneliti tersebut dan membatasi pada anak Panti asuhan se Jakarta Pusat.Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi 'fissured tongue' didalam masyarakat Indonesia serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kelainan ini. Tujuan khusus adalah untuk mengetahui prosentasi 'fissured tongue' pada anak Panti Asuhan se Jakarta Pusat, perbedaan prosentasinya pada anak laki-laki dan perempuan serta distribusi 'fissured tongue' berdasarkan lokasi dan dalamnya fissura."

"Interferensi fonologis sangat mungkin terjadi pada proses pemelajaran bahasa asing karena adanya kontak antara dua bahasa dan menyebabkan akan sering ditemukan mencampuradukkan sistem bahasa antara sistem bahasa ibu pemelajar dan bahasa asing yang sedang dipelajari. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai penyimpangan bunyi yang disebabkan oleh interferensi bahasa yang terjadi pada pemelajar pemula bahasa Prancis di dua lembaga kursus berbeda di Indonesia, yaitu Institut Français d'Indonésie (IFI) dan Lembaga Bahasa Internasional (LBI). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan sumber data dari rekaman pengucapan 28 kata yang diambil secara acak dari buku Tendances A1 (2016) dan Génération A1 (2016) yang merupakan buku ajar para subjek penelitian: 10 pemelajar dari masing-masing lembaga. Dari 28 kata yang diberikan, subjek penelitian diminta masing-masing membuat 28 kalimat, yang kemudian selanjutnya mereka bacakan dan direkam. Hasil analisis berdasarkan teori Weinreich (2010) menunjukkan bahwa interferensi terjadi di semua subjek penelitian dengan jenis interferensi terbanyak adalah substitusi fonem Prancis dengan fonem bahasa Indonesia karena pengaruh kebiasaan membaca sesuai dengan tulisan atau pengaruh bahasa Inggris. Hal ini mendukung temuan beberapa penelitian terdahulu mengenai pengaruh cara pembacaan tulisan bahasa Indonesia, pengaruh bahasa nasional dan atau bahasa kedua. Kesalahan realisasi bunyi juga dilakukan karena para subjek penelitian kurang berlatih dan kurang perhatian sehingga mereka tidak menyadari bahwa perbedaan realisasi bunyi ketika melafalkan sebuah kata dalam bahasa Prancis dapat mengubah arti. Pemilihan buku ajar, kurangnya jam belajar, pengajaran daring, dan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia oleh pengajar memengaruhi interferensi pemelajar dari dua lembaga tersebut.

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Phonological interference is very likely to happen in the process of learning a foreign language. This occurs because there is contact between the two languages which confuses the language system between the learners' mother tongue and the foreign language being studied. This study discusses sound distortion caused by language interference that occurs in French beginner learners at two different course institutions in Indonesia, namely Institute Français d'Indonésie (IFI) and Lembaga Bahasa Internasional (LBI). The research method used is a qualitative method with data sources from the recorded pronunciation of 28 words taken randomly from Tendances A1 (2016) and Génération A1 (2016) which are textbooks for research subjects: 10 students from each institution. Of the 28 words given, each of the research subjects was asked to make 28 sentences, which they then read and recorded. The results of the analysis based on Weinreich's (2010) theory show that interference occurs in all research subjects with the most type of interference is the substitution of French phonemes with Indonesian phonemes due to the influence of reading habits by written or English influences. This supports the findings of several previous studies regarding the influence of how Indonesian is read, the influence of national and/or second languages. Sound realization errors were also made because the research subjects lacked practice and lack of attention so they did not realize that differences in sound realization when pronouncing a word in French could change the meaning. Textbook selection, lack of study hours, online teaching, and the use of Indonesian by teachers affect student interference from the two institutions."

"Latar belakang: Patensi jalan napas merupakan hal paling penting dalam manajemen pasien di dalam kamar operasi maupun di luar kamar operasi. Kegagalan ataupun keterlambatan dalam manajemen jalan napas akan membawa dampak yang buruk terhadap morbiditas maupun mortalitas pasien. Prediksi kesulitan jalan napas dapat dilakukan dengan penilaian klinis maupun pemeriksaan penunjang. Cormack-Lehane grading telah lama digunakan sebagai prediksi kesulitan laringoskopi melalui visualisasi laring. Menurut penelitian yang sudah dilakukan oleh W Yao dan Bin Wang, dikatakan ukuran lebar lidah diatas 6.0 cm dapat menjadi prediksi terjadinya kesulitan intubasi. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan intubasi adalah kesulitan laringoskopi yang ditandai dengan Cormack Lehane Grading ≥ 3. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari apakah terdapat hubungan ukuran lebar lidah dengan kesulitan laringoskopi yang ditandai dengan Cormack Lehane Grading.Metode: Penelitian observasional prospektif dengan desain cross sectional ini dilakukan di Instalasi Bedah Pusat, CCC, dan Kirana RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan Juli sampai September 2022. Populasi subjek adalah pasien yang akan menjalani pembedahan dengan pembiusan total dan menggunakan ETT. Ketebalan lidah diukur dengan menggunakan ultrasonografi. Penilaian Cormack Lehane Grading dilakukan melalui visualisasi laring pada saat laringoskopi dan sebelum dilakukan intubasi endotrakeal.Hasil: Kelompok subjek dengan karakteristik sulit intubasi berdasarkan Cormack Lehane Grading (≥3) terbukti memiliki rerata ketebalan lidah yang lebih tebal dibandingkan kelompok mudah intubasi. Kelompok sulit intubasi juga terbukti memiliki Modified Mallampati Score yang lebih tinggi.Kesimpulan: Ketebalan lidah dan Modified Mallampati Score berhubungan dengan sulit intubasi berdasarkan Cormack Lehane grading, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor kesulitan jalan napas.

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Background: Airway patency is a critical variable to maintain, either in perioperative or emergency setting. Failure or delay in airway management is associated with life-threatening complications. Prediction of difficult airway management can be done through bedside clinical examination and/or further investigations. Cormack Lehane grading has long been known as a parameter to assess difficult airway by visualization of the larynx. According to W Yao and Bin Wang, tongue thickness > 6.0 cm may be a predictor of difficult airway. One of the factors associated with difficult-to-intubate patients is difficult laryngoscopy as indicated by Cormack Lehane grading ≥ 3. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between tongue thickness and difficult laryngoscopy assessed through Cormack Lehane Grading.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in Central Surgery Unit, CCC, and Kirana Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in the period of July to September 2022. This study involved patients undergoing surgical interventions with general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation. Tongue thickness of each subject was assessed by ultrasonography. The assessment of Cormack Lehane grading in each subject was conducted through visualization of the larynx during laryngoscopy and prior to tracheal intubation.

Results: Difficult-to-intubate group characterized by Cormack Lehane grading ≥3 was associated with thicker tongue and higher Modified Mallampati score.

Conclusion: Tongue thickness and modified Mallampati score were associated with difficult laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation based on Cormack Lehane grading. Therefore, tongue thickness may serve as a potential predictor of difficult airway."

"Human oral tongue cancer (SP-C1) is thought to be a high grade malignancy. Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combination therapy, prognosis and survival of patients with human tongue cancer have not significantly improved over the past several decades. Treatment options for recurrent or refractory tongue cancer are limited. Therefore, as a strategy for refractory cancer, anti-mitotic chemotherapy and its mechanisms are of considerable interest, including those using docetaxel hydrate for inducing maspin protein. In the current study, the mechanisms responsible for growth suppression and metastasis of SP-C1 by docetaxel hydrate through induction of maspin regulation were investigated. To evaluate in vitro cell proliferation and cell metastasis, MTT and out-growth assays were performed, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of maspin mediated by docetaxel hydrate was analysed by Western blotting. The results showed that treatment with 50 g/ml docetaxel hydrate significantly suppressed SP-C1 cell growth from day 1. Strong inhibition of metastasis of SP-C1 cells was also shown by treatment with 50 g/ml of docetaxel hydrate. Moreover, a significant induction of maspin regulation was detected in cells treated with 10 and 50 g/ml of docetaxel hydrate. However, the same protein level wasdemonstrated in -tubulin expression. These findings suggest thatdocetaxel hydrate may have potential for powerful anti-mitoticchemotherapy through induction of maspin regulation."

"Penelitian ini fokus pada fissure tongue, geographic tongue, median rhomboid glossitis dan hairy tongue. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan prevalensi dan distribusi dari lesi tersebut berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin pada 312 pasien yang datang ke Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Studi ini merupakan survei epidemiologi deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Data diperoleh melalui pemeriksaan klinis dan wawancara. Fissure tongue merupakan lesi yang paling sering ditemukan (46,5%) diikuti geographic tongue (3,2%), median rhomboid glossitis (1,3%) dan hairy tongue (1,3%). Semua lesi tersebut ditemukan lebih sering pada pasien pria. Fissure tongue, geographic tongue, median rhomboid glossitis dan hairy tongue memiliki prevalensi paling tinggi pada kelompok usia 61-68 tahun, 5-12 tahun, 53-60 tahun dan 13-20 tahun, secara berurutan.

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This study is focused on fissure tongue, geographic tongue, median rhomboid glossitis and hairy tongue. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of these lesions according to age and gender in 312 patients who visited University of Indonesia dental hospital. This study has been done by cross sectional descriptive epidemiological survey. The data were collected by clinical examination and interview. Fissure tongue was observed most frequently (46.5%) followed by geographic tongue (3.2%), median rhomboid glossitis (1.3%) and hairy tongue (1.3%). All of these lesions are more common in male patients. Fissure tongue, geographic tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, and hairy tongue had the highest prevalence in 61-68 years old, 5-12 years old, 53-60 years old, 13-20 years old, respectively."