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"Waktu Fonasi Maksimal (WFM) dapat mengevaluasi kemampuan seseorang dalam mempertahankan fonasi, yang penting untuk penyanyi paduan sura. Latihan aerobik dianggap vital dilakukan pada populasi ini, terutama karena komponen kebugarannya dan telah terbukti meningkatkan WFM pada pasien gagal jantung kronis. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan hubungan antara latihan aerobik akut dan waktu fonasi maksimal (WFM) pada populasi penyanyi paduan suara dewasa sehat sedenter.

Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada 27 penyanyi paduan suara dewasa sehat (16 laki-laki, 11 perempuan). Pengukuran WFM menggunakan aplikasi Praat^® dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah latihan aerobik 30 menit menggunakan sepeda statis komersil yang disambungkan dengan aplikasi Zwift^®.Peningkatan durasi WFM (18.37± 5.34 s to 21.04± 6.66 s, p = 0.008*) ditemukan setelah dilakukan latihan aerobik akut. Korelasi signifikan antara suara alto/sopran dan WFM (0.775**, p = 0.005), antara tekanan darah diastolik dan WFM (75.07± 10.33 mmHg to 79.85± 12.50 mmHg, p = 0.034*), serta denyut nadi dan WFM ditemukan (86.51± 11.64 beats/minute to 108.51± 18.22 beats/minute, p = <0.001*). Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara latihan aerobik akut dan suara alto/sopran dengan WFM pada penyanyi paduan suara sehat sedenter

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Background: Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) can assess an individual’s capability to sustain phonation, which is vital to choir singers. Aerobic exercise is considered important to execute in this population especially for its endurance component, and has proven to increase MPT in chronic heart failure patients. Study aimed to determine association between acute aerobic exercise and maximum phonation time (MPT) in healthy sedentary adult choir singers.

Cross-sectional study was conducted with 27 sedentary singers (16 males, 11 females; age range 23-54 years). Measurements of MPT using Praat^® were taken before and after 30-minute aerobic exercise using a static cycle connected to Zwift^®. Increased MPT duration (18.37± 5.34 s to 21.04± 6.66 s, p = 0.008*) was found after acute aerobic exercise. Significant correlation between alto/soprano voice and MPT (0.775**, p = 0.005), between diastolic blood pressure and MPT (75.07± 10.33 mmHg to 79.85± 12.50 mmHg, p = 0.034*), also heart rate and MPT were found (86.51± 11.64 beats/minute to 108.51± 18.22 beats/minute, p = <0.001*). Significant association found between acute aerobic exercise and alto/soprano voice with MPT in healthy sedentary adult choir singers."

"Latar belakang: EE dan/atau latihan fisik dapat meningkatkan memori spasial dan menginduksi peningkatan ekspresi Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pada hipokampus tikus Wistar jantan usia 7 bulan. BDNF berikatan dengan reseptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) menyebabkan TrKB terfosforilasi, menghasilkan perekrutan protein yang mengaktifkan tiga kaskade transduksi sinyal. BDNF dapat meningkatkan kadar dan aktivitas reseptor NMDA sehingga terjadi perubahan jangka panjang pada aktivitas sinaps. Belum diketahui bagaimana pengaruh pemberian kombinasi EE dan latihan aerobik terhadap ekspresi pTrkB dan pNMDAR.Tujuan: Menganalisis ekspresi reseptor pTrkB dan ekspresi pNMDAR yang dipicu oleh persinyalan BDNF pada hipokampus tikus yang diberikan model EE dan/atau latihan fisik aerobik.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan 24 tikus Wistar jantan usia 7 bulan, berat badan 250–350 gr, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok: Kontrol (K), Aerobik (A) diberi latihan fisik 5x/mimggu treadmill kecepatan 20 m/menit 30 menit/hari, EE, dan kombinasi latihan fisik EE (AEE). Perlakuan diberikan selama 8 minggu dan dilakukan pengukuran ekpresi pTrkB dan pNMDAR dengan western blot, memori spasial diukur dengan forced alteration Y-maze.Hasil: Fosforilasi TrkB pada situs Tyr705 dan fosforilasi NMDA pada situs Tyr 1336 kelompok kombinasi lebih baik dari kontrol namun peningkatan tidak bermakna secara statistik. Fungsi memori spasial jangka pendek kelompok EE lebih baik daripada kelompok kontrol.Kesimpulan: EE kontinu dapat meningkatkan fungsi memori spasial jangka pendek tikus, kombinasi EE dan latihan aerobik cenderung meningkatkan pTrkB dan pNMDAR namun tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Background: EE and/or aerobic exercise can improve spatial memory and induce increased expression of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats aged 7 months. BDNF binds to the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) induce phosphorilating of TrKB, resulting the recruitment of a protein that activates three signal transduction cascades. BDNF can increase the levels and activity of the NMDA receptors, resulting in long-term changes in synaptic activity. The effect of combination of continuous EE and aerobic exercise on hippocampus pTrkB and pNMDAR expression is not yet known.

Objective: To analyze pTrkB receptor expression and pNMDAR expression induced by BDNF signaling in the hippocampus of mice given EE models and / or aerobic exercise.

Methods: Experimental study using 24 male Wistar rats aged 7 months, weight 250–350 gr, divided into 4 groups: Control (K), Aerobics (A) given 5x physical exercise/week with treadmill speed 20 m/min 30 minutes/day, EE, combination of physical exercise and EE (AEE). Treatment was administered for 8 weeks and the phosphorylation of TrkB and NMDA receptors measured with Western blot, spatial memory measured by forced alteration of Y-maze.

Result:The combination group of TrkB phosphorylation at Tyr705 site and NMDA phosphorylation at the Tyr 1336 site were better than the control group but the increase was not statistically significant. The EE group's short-term spatial memory function was better than the control group.

Conclusion: Continuous EE can improve mouse short-term spatial memory function, combination of EE and aerobic exercise tends to increase pTrkB and pNMDAR but not statistically significant."

" adalah salah satu penyebab penurunan performa fisik pada seseorang yang melakukan program latihan fisik jangka panjang. Kondisi overtraining dihubungkan dengan gangguan dalam regenerasi sel tubuh. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) adalah protein yang menstimulasi pertumbuhan dan proliferasi sel. IGF-I bekerja dalam regulasi aksis GH/IGF, dimana kerja IGF dipengaruhi oleh growth hormone (GH) dan insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons tubuh terhadap latihan fisik aerobik overtraining dengan menganalisa kadar GH, IGF-I, dan IGFBP-3, mengingat hormon dan protein ini berperan dalam regenerasi sel tubuh, khususnya otot rangka. Subjek penelitian adalah 19 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar (berusia 8-10 minggu, berat 150-250 gr) yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok (satu kelompok kontrol dan dua kelompok yaitu kelompok aerobik dan kelompok aerobik overtraining yang diberikan perlakuan masing-masing selama 11 minggu). Perlakuan latihan fisik aerobik dan aerobik overtraining dilakukan dengan Animal treadmill L-6000 sebanyak lima hari dalam seminggu. Setelah hari terakhir perlakuan, seluruh hewan coba dikorbankan. Serum darah diambil dengan cara pungsi jantung. Kadar GH, IGF-I, dan IGFBP-3 dalam serum diukur dengan metode ELISA dan data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc. Hasil pemeriksaan ELISA menunjukkan kadar IGFBP-3 yang lebih rendah secara signifikan pada kelompok aerobik overtraining dibandingkan dengan kelompok aerobik, sementara tidak ada perbedaan kadar GH dan IGF-I pada ketiga kelompok. Kadar IGFBP-3 dalam serum dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai penanda biologis kondisi overtraining.

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Overtraining is one of the causes of decline in physical performance in long-term physical exercise program. Overtraining is associated with impaired regeneration of body cells. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a stimulator of cell growth and proliferation. IGF act based on the GH/IGF axis, which mean IGF-I act is regulated by growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). This study purpose is to determine the body's response to aerobic overtraining exercise by analyzing the levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) as those hormone and proteins play a role in the regeneration of body cells, especially skeletal muscle cells. Subjects were 19 white male rats of the Wistar strain (8-10 weeks old, weight: 150-250 g) were divided into 3 groups (one control group and two groups of aerobic and aerobic overtraining group both were given treatment for 11 weeks). Aerobic exercise and aerobic overtraining exercise treatment were conducted five days a week using Animal treadmill L-6000. After the last day of treatment, all experimental animals were sacrificed. Blood serum collected by cardiac puncture. Levels of GH, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in serum were measured by ELISA. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test. ELISA results showed significant lower levels of IGFBP-3 in aerobic overtraining group compared to the aerobic group, while there was no difference in the levels of GH and IGF-I in all groups. IGFBP-3 levels in the serum may be a suitable as biological markers for overtraining condition."

"ABSTRAKPaparan environmental enrichment EE memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap fungsi otak, salah satunya memperbaiki fungsi kognisi. EE memiliki berbagai aspek seperti interaksi sosial, stimulasi objek, dan aktivitas fisik. Latihan fisik aerobik dan EE dianggap dapat memperbaiki fungsi kognisi melalui mekanisme yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik A , model EE, dan kombinasi model EE disertai latihan fisik aerobik EEA terhadap fungsi memori spasial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in vivo pada tikus wistar jantan usia enam bulan yang diberikan latihan fisik aerobik, model EE, dan kombinasi model EE disertai latihan fisik aerobik selama enam minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan fungsi memori spasial antar kelompok perlakuan yang ditinjau dari waktu tempuh dan jumlah kesalahan. Akan tetapi, berdasarkan kajian ekspresi protein, model EE lebih cepat dalam meningkatkan neuroplastisitas daripada latihan aerobik saja bahkan model EE saja tidak berbeda dengan kombinasi model EE disertai latihan fisik aerobik pada ekspresi protein SYP, subunit GluR1 AMPAR, dan PSD-95.. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model EE sudah cukup baik dalam meningkatkan neuroplastisitas. Dengan demikian, stimulus yang lebih kompleks seperti model EE dapat digunakan sebagai metode dalam pencegahan demensia sejak dini.

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ABSTRACTExposure to environmental enrichment EE has a positive effects on brain function, including improved cognition through increased neuroplasticity. This study aimed to directly differentiate between the effects of enriched environment EE , aerobic exercise A , and the combination of enrichment and aerobic exercise EEA on spatial memory and neuroplasticity. A six week in vivo experimental study on twenty 6 month old male Wistar rats were housed under isolation, aerobic exercise, enrichment, and enrichment plus aerobic exercise. Spatial memory was tested by using water E maze WEM in terms of time travelled and total errors. Neuroplasticity was seen by comparing the expression of synaptophysin, AMPAR GluR1 subunit, and PSD 95. The results showed no differences in time travelled and errors for all groups. Enriched group is faster in improving the expression of the SYP, AMPAR GluR1 subunit, and PSD 95 than aerobic group. The expression of SYP, AMPAR GluR1subunit, and PSD 95 on enriched group are no different from the combination group. These results suggest that the EE model is better at improving neuroplasticity than aerobic exercise and compared to EE models, the combination of EE with aerobic exercise is no better in improving neuroplasticity."

"Latihan fisik aerobik yang dilakukan secara teratur dapat memberikan efek positif terhadap struktur dan fungsi otak tertentu seperti perbaikan perfusi darah peningkatan neurogenesis peningkatan fungsi kognitif dan memori Efek tersebut dapat hilang jika latihan dihentikan detrain Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik dan detrain terhadap jumlah sel saraf normal di thalamus yang merupakan stasiun relay mayor impuls sensorik dan motorik antar bagian otak Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental pada hewan coba yakni dengan penghitungan jumlah sel saraf normal thalamus tiga kelompok tikus diberi perlakuan latihan fisik aerobik training detraining dan tidak diberi perlakuan Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan jumlah sel saraf normal thalamus pada kelompok training 73 dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol 59 yang akan menurun pada kelompok detraining 71 Namun uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna p 0 266 p 0 05 pada ketiga kelompok tikus Disimpulkan bahwa latihan fisik aerobik dan detrain tidak berpengaruh nyata pada jumlah sel saraf normal thalamus tikus.

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Regular aerobic exercise is beneficial for certain brain rsquo s structures and functions because it can improve blood perfusion increase neurogenesis improve cognition and memory When it is stopped detrain these benefits will be lost The object of this study is to determine the effect of aerobic exercipse and detrain on the number of normal neuron of thalamus which is a major relay station for sensory and motor impulses between brain areas This study was done experimentally on animal by counting the number of normal thalamus neuron in three groups of mice training detraining and control The results showed that there was an increase number of normal neuron of thalamus in group training 73 compared with group control 59 and then decreased in group detraining However ANOVA test results indicated no difference either p 0 266 p 0 05 It was concluded that aerobic exercise and detrain have no significant effect on the number of normal neuron of thalamus rsquo mice "

"Latihan aerobik dapat meningkatkan kebugaran melalui penginduksian adaptasi fisiologis seperti peningkatan kekuatan otot kemampuan penggunaan oksigen peningkatan jumlah sel saraf serta pembuluh kapiler darah otak. Latihan fisik terkait erat dengan penggunaan otot volunter yang diatur oleh korteks motorik primer otak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik dan detrain terhadap jumlah sel saraf normal korteks motorik primer tikus. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental menggunakan 27 jaringan otak tikus jantan Rattus sp Strain Wistar yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok tanpa perlakuan kontrol kelompok perlakuan latihan fisik aerobik training dan kelompok perlakuan yang latihan fisik aerobik nya dihentikan detraining. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan cara menghitung jumlah sel saraf otak tikus bagian korteks motorik primer dengan bantuan piranti lunak Image Raster. Hasil menunjukkan jumlah sel saraf normal pada kelompok kontrol adalah 56 kelompok training 66 dan kelompok detraining 42. Hasil uji Post Hoc Mann Whitney menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan training p 0 046 kontrol dan detraining p 0 001 serta training dan detraining p 0 001. Hasil dari penelitian ini mendukung teori bahwa latihan aerobik dapat memicu pertumbuhan sel saraf neurogenesis korteks motorik primer sedangkan detraining menyebabkan penurunan jumlah sel saraf normal pada daerah korteks motorik primer otak tikus Kata kunci Detrain jumlah sel saraf normal latihan fisik aerobik korteks motorik primer.

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Aerobic exercise could increase body fitness by raising the physiology adaptation such as increase muscle power oxygen uptake number of neurons and new capillaries in brain structure. In aerobic exercise we use voluntary muscles which are controlled by primary motor cortex in brain.

Purpose of this research was to acknowledge effect of aerobic exercise and detraining on the number of normal neurons in rat's primary motor cortex This experimental research used 27 male rats Rattus sp Wistar strain and divided into three groups control training and detraining. The method is to observe and count the number of neurons in primary motor cortex region of the rat's brain with Hematoxilin Eosin staining using image raster.

The result showed that the percentage of normal neuron from control group was 56 66 in training group and 42 in detraining group Post Hoc Mann Whitney test showed there was significant differences between control and training p 0 046 control and detraining p 0 001 and training and detraining p 0 001.

This result showed that this research support the theory of which the aerobic exercise could induce neurogenesis in primary motoric cortex region and detraining caused decrease number of neurons in rat's primary motoric cortex."

"Latihan fisik aerobik memiliki beberapa manfaat untuk struktur dan fungsi otak seperti meningkatkan jumlah sel saraf dan berefek positif pada pembelajaran serta memori. Namun beberapa manfaat latihan fisik tersebut pada struktur otak masih berupa dugaan dugaan. Manfaat tersebut juga akan menghilang apabila latihan dihentikan detrain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik dan detrain terhadap jumlah sel saraf normal amigdala basolateral tikus. Amigdala adalah bagian dari sistem limbik yang berperan dalam menghasilkan respon perilaku yang berhubungan dengan rasa takut dan berperan juga pada pembelajaran emosional serta memodulasi memori. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan mengamati dan menghitung jumlah sel saraf normal pada daerah amigdala basolateral Data dianalisis dengan uji one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan uji Post Hoc. Hasil menunjukkan persentase sel saraf normal pada kelompok kontrol 57 kelompok training 64 dan kelompok detraining 49. Hasil uji Post Hoc menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan training p 0 05 kelompok kontrol dan detraining p 0 05. Namun terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok training dan detraining p 0 008. Terjadi peningkatan persentase sel saraf normal pada kelompok training sebaliknya terjadi penurunan persentase sel saraf normal pada kelompok detraining dibandingkan kelompok kontrol.

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Aerobic exercise has several benefits for brain rsquo s structures and functions such as increasing the number of normal neuron and having positive effect on learning and memory. However some of the benefits are still conjecture These benefits will be lost if exercise stopped.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of aerobic exercise and detraining on the number of normal neuron of basolateral amygdala. Amygdala is a part of the limbic system which plays a role in producing behavioral responses associated with fear and also plays a role in emotional learning as well as modulates memory.

This study was done experimentally by observing and counting the number of normal neuron in the basolateral amygdala region Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA test and continued by Post Hoc test.

The results showed that percentage of normal neuron were 57 in control group 64 in training group and 49 in detraining group Post hoc test results showed no significant difference between control and training group p 0 05 also between control and detraining group p 0 05 However there are a significant difference between training and detraining group p 0 008. In short there is an increase in the number of normal neuron in training otherwise there is a decline in the number of normal neuron in detraining compared with control."

"Latihan fisik berpengaruh terhadap plastisitas sinaps yaitu dalam interaksi neuron-glia. Astrosit adalah sel glia yang paling berperan dalam plastisitas sinaps. Penelitian ini menggunakan kadar glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) dan heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) plasma sebagai parameter aktivitas astrosit yang diinduksi latihan fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan durasi latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang (10 menit vs 30 menit) terhadap kadar GFAP dan HSP27 plasma pada orang dewasa muda sehat. Penelitian eksperimental ini mengunakan desain kontrol diri sendiri. Mahasiswa kedokteran usia dewasa muda (n=22) dibagi dalam dua kelompok perlakuan, kelompok pertama mengunakan perlakuan sepeda statis intensitas sedang dengan durasi 10 menit dan kelompok yang lain mengunakan perlakuan sepeda statis intensitas sedang dengan durasi 30 menit. Uji sepeda statis dilakukan selama 1 hari. Sebelum dan sesudah uji sepeda statis dilakukan pengambilan darah. Kadar GFAP dan HSP27 plasma diukur dengan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Kadar GFAP plasma menurun bermakna pada kelompok yang mendapat latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang durasi 30 menit (p<0,05). Kadar HSP27 plasma menurun bermakna pada kelompok yang mendapat latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang durasi 10 menit (p<0,05). Kadar GFAP dan HSP27 plasma antara kelompok latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang durasi 10 menit dan 30 menit tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05). Penelitian ini menunjukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang menginduksi perubahan yang bermakna pada marker aktivitas astrosit. Kadar GFAP plasma menurun bermakna pada durasi 30 menit sedangkan konsentrasi HSP27 menurun bermakna pada durasi 10 menit. Namun, durasi latihan fisik aerobik intensitas sedang tidak berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap kadar dua parameter aktivitas astrosit yaitu GFAP dan HSP27 plasma. Meskipun kadar GFAP plasma menurun pada durasi latihan fisik yang berbeda, perbandingan antara kadar GFAP plasma sesudah durasi 10 menit dan 30 menit tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna. Hasil yang sama juga ditemukan pada HSP27. Penelitian ini adalah yang pertama kali menunjukan penurunan kadar GFAP plasma sesudah latihan fisik durasi 30 menit dan kadar HSP27 plasma sesudah latihan fisik durasi 10 menit.

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Physical exercise effects on synapses plasticity that in neuron-glia interactions. Astrocytes are the most responsible glial cells in synapse plasticity. This study uses the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) plasma concentrations as exercise-induced astrocyte activity parameter. The aim of this study was comparison between two duration of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (10 minutes vs 30 minutes) on GFAP and HSP27 plasma concentration in healthy young adults.

This experimental study was before and after study design. Healthy young adult medical students (n = 22) were divided into two treatment groups, the first group was using stationary bikes exercise in moderate-intensity activity for 10 minutes duration and the other group was using stationary bikes exercise in moderate-intensity activity for 30 minutes duration. Static bike test was performed in the same day. Blood sampling was performed before and after static bike test. GFAP and HSP27 plasma levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). GFAP plasma concentration decreased significantly in the 30 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic exercise duration (p<0.05). HSP27 plasma concentration decreased significantly in the 10 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (p<0.05). There was no significant differences in GFAP and HSP27 plasma concentration between 10 minutes and 30 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic exercise(p>0.05).

Our result showed moderate-intensity aerobic exercise induced significant changes in astrocytes activity parameter. 30 minutes duration significantly lowered GFAP plasma concentration while 10 minutes duration significantly lowered HSP27 plasma concentration. However, duration of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise did not alter significantly plasma concentration of the two astrocyte activity parameter: GFAP and HSP27. Despite the lowered GFAP plasma concentration in different exercise duration, comparison between GFAP plasma concentration after 10 minutes and 30 minutes duration showed no significant differences. The same result also found in HSP27. This is the first result that showed a decrease in GFAP plasma concentration after 30 minutes exercise and HSP27 plasma concentration after 10 minutes."

"Latar Belakang: Meningkatnya jumlah sel progenitor endotel (CD31+) merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam mempertahankan homeostasis vaskular. Latihan fisik secara efektif akan meningkatkan jumlah sel progenitor endotel (CD31+) di darah tepi, sehingga dapat mencegah penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh durasi latihan fisik aerobik akut intensitas sedang terhadap persentase sel CD31+ di darah tepi subyek dewasa muda sehat tidak terlatih. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental. Sukarelawan sehat tidak terlatih (n=20) melakukan uji sepeda statis intensitas sedang (64-74% DNM) dengan durasi 10 menit atau 30 menit. Pengambilan darah dilakukan sebelum dan 10 menit setelah melakukan uji sepeda statis. Identifikasi sel progenitor endotel dilakukan dengan menggunakan penanda CD31. Persentase sel CD31+ di darah tepi dianalisis menggunakan flow cytometry. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada rerata persentase sel CD31+ sebelum dan setelah latihan pada kelompok durasi latihan 10 menit (66,89 ± 10,17 vs 65,67 ± 10,05 , uji t berpasangan p=0,094) dan 30 menit (59,81 ± 8,69 vs 60,88 ± 9,40, uji t berpasangan p=0,154). Terdapat pola perubahan pada persentase sel CD31+ di darah tepi setelah latihan durasi 10 menit dan 30 menit. Pada durasi latihan 10 menit, 50% subyek mengalami peningkatan dan 50 % subyek mengalami penurunan. Pada durasi latihan 30 menit, 80 % subyek mengalami peningkatan. Kesimpulan: Latihan fisik aerobik akut intensitas sedang durasi 30 menit namun tidak untuk durasi 10 menit, memiliki kecenderungan untuk meningkatkan persentase sel CD31+ di darah tepi subyek dewasa muda sehat tidak terlatih. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada latihan fisik aerobik akut intensitas sedang durasi 10 menit, sel progenitor endotel (CD31+) justru terlibat dalam proses perbaikan endotelium vaskular, dimana akan terjadi inkorporasi sel CD31+ ke lapisan tunggal sel endotel yang mengalami kerusakan. Latihan fisik aerobik akut intensitas sedang durasi 30 menit tampaknya dapat mempertahankan homeostasis vaskular melalui peningkatan persentase sel progenitor endotel (CD31+) di darah tepi.

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Background: The increasing number of circulating CD31+ endothelial progenitor cells is one of the important factors for maintaining vascular homeostasis. Exercise will effectively increase the number of circulating CD31+ endothelial progenitor cells, which can prevent cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine the effect of moderate intensity acute aerobic exercise duration on the percentage of circulating CD31+ cells in untrained healthy young adult subjects.

Methods: This study was an experimental study. Untrained healthy volunteers (n=20) performed ergocycle at moderate intensity (64-74% maximal heart rate) for 10 minutes or 30 minutes. Immediately before and 10 minutes after exercise, venous blood samples was drawn. CD31 marker is used to identify endothelial progenitor cells. The percentage of CD31+ cells in peripheral blood were analyzed using flow cytometry.

Results: There were no significant differences in the mean percentage of circulating CD31+ cells before and after exercise for 10 minutes (66.89 ± 10.17 vs 65.67 ± 10.05, paired t-test p = 0.094) and 30 minutes (59.81 ± 8.69 vs. 60.88 ± 9.40, paired t-test p = 0.154). There is a change in the percentage of CD31+ cells in peripheral blood after exercise for 10 minutes and 30 minutes. 50% of subjects showed increase in percentage of CD31+ cells while 50% of subjects showed decrease in percentage of CD31+ cells after 10 minutes exercise. 80% of subjects showed increase in percentage of CD31+ cells after 30 minutes exercise.

Discussion and conclusions: The results of this study indicate that moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 30 minutes, but not for 10 minutes, has a tendency to increase the percentage of circulating CD31+ cells in untrained healthy young adult. The results showed that in moderate intensity acute aerobic exercise for 10 minutes, CD31+ cells actually involved in the repair process, where there is incorporation of CD31+ cells into a single layer of endothelial cells that were damaged. It appears that moderate intensity acute aerobic exercise for 30 minutes can maintain vascular homeostasis through an increase in percentage of circulating CD31+ endothelial progenitor cells."

"Waktu latihan mempengaruhi peningkatan kadar antigen t-PA (ant t-PA). Waktu latihan sore meningkatkan kadar ant t-PA lebih tinggi dibanding waktu latihan pagi pada intensitas latihan yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh waktu latihan aerobik intensitas 60-70% laju jantung maksimal (LJM, 220-umur) selama 15 menit terhadap peningkatan kadar dnt t-PA. Subyek terdiri dari 16 laki-laki sehat, tidak terlatih berumur 25-35 tahun yang menjalani uji sepeda pagi (06.30-08.30 wib) dan sore (15.00-17.00) pada selang waktu 2 hari. Uji Wilcoxon sign ranked menunjukkan peningkatan kadar ant t-PA yang bermakna setelah latihan pagi dan sore sebesar 43,5% (P=0,03) dan 35% (P=0,03). Uji Wilcoxon U menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara peningkatan kadar ant t-PA setelah latihan pagi dan sore. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa waktu latihan pagi atau sore tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar ant t-PA pada intensitas latihan sedang.

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Increased t-PA antigen (t-PA ant) level during exercise is affected by diurnal variation. Exercise in the afternoon increases t-PA ant higher than exercise in the morning. Purpose of this study was to examine the effect of time of day aerobic exercise on t-PA ant level. Subjects were 16 sedentary, healthy untrained male, performed 2 session ergo cycle at 60-70 maximal heart rate (MHR, 220-age) both Morning (06.30-08.30) and afternoon (15.00-17.00) by 2 days separated. Wilcoxon sign ranked test show t-PA ant increased significantly after exercise in the morning (43.5%, P=0,03) and afternoon (38%, P=0,03) but not significant different between morning and afternoon (P=0,97). It was concluded that time of day exercise did not affect t-PA ant level in moderate aerobic exercise intensity."