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"COVID-19 sudah didetapkan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO, dan minat untuk meneliti mengenai pengobatan COVID-19 sangatlah tinggi. Akan tetapi, tidak hanya obat-obatan, minat untuk mempelajari tentang senyawa herbal, serta mencari kandidat senyawa untuk pengobatan juga tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan investigasi potensi dari berbagai senyawa herbal yang memiliki efek anti-COVID-19, dan tidak hanya terhadap COVID-19 tetapi juga terhadap penyakit sistem imun. Dalam studi ini, peneliti menggunakan metode jejaring farmakologi. Metode ini dapat mengeksplorasi potensi efek yang dimiliki dari senyawa herbal dan target terkait untuk mengobati penyakti COVID-19. Target kandidat protein diprediksi melalui ChemBL, lalu dilakukan penelusuran terhadap penyakit dan validasi melalui website target validation. Jaringan dibentuk menggunakan Cytoscape 3.8.0 yang hasilnya merupakan jaringan senyawa-target, dan target-penyakit. Hasil konstruksi jaringan C-T-D menunjukkan 72 senyawa, 86 target, 1164 penyakit, dan 22 kategori penyakit. Terdapat 9 target potensial dan 69 senyawa yang terkait dengan COVID-19, selain itu ditemukan juga 286 spesies tanaman yang berpotensi. Pada penyakit sistem imun seluruh senyawa memiliki kaitan, lalu didapatkan 39 target yang berkaitan juga dengan 134 jenis penyakit sistem imun serta 318 spesies tanaman yang berpotensi. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh rekomendasi spesies tanaman yaitu Citrus maxima, Acronychia laurifolia, Santalum album yang masing-masing memiliki 12, 11, dan 6 interaksi dengan target atau senyawa.

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COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the WHO, and interest in research on the treatment of COVID-19 is very high. However not only drugs, interest in learning about herbal compounds, as well as looking for candidate compounds for treatment is also high. In this study, we investigated the potential of various herbal compounds that have anti-COVID-19 effects, and not only against COVID-19 but also against diseases of the immune system. In this study, researchers used the pharmacology network method. This method can explore the potential effects of herbal compounds and related targets to treat COVID-19 disease. The target protein candidate is predicted through ChemBL, then a search for the disease is carried out and validation through the target validation website. Networks were formed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 which resulted in compound-target, and disease-target networks. The results of the C-T-D network construction showed 72 compounds, 86 targets, 1164 diseases, and 22 disease categories. There are 9 potential targets and 69 compounds associated with COVID-19, in addition, 286 potential plant species were found. In diseases of the immune system, all compounds are related, then 39 targets were obtained which are also related to 134 types of immune system diseases and 318 potential plant species. From this study, it was found that plant species recommendations were Citrus maxima, Acronychia laurifolia, Santalum album which each had 12, 11, and 6 interactions with targets or compounds."

"Pemakaian obat herbal dimasyarakat diiringi dengan berkembangnya industri obat tradisional. Khusus untuk Industri Kecil Obat Tradisional (IKOT) setiap tahun pertumbuhannya semakin meningkat. IKOT turut berkontribusi sebesar 20% dari omset nasional produk herbal. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh IKOT adalah ketersediaan bahan baku dan kualitas produksi yang belum terstandar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketersediaan bahan baku untuk produk IKOT dan kontribusi dari kualitas produk IKOT terhadap pemakaian produk herbal masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dan wawancara kepada 4 IKOT di kota Depok dan responden yang menggunakan produk herbal sebanyak 84 orang. Berdasarkan analisa hasil penelitian diperoleh Y = 0,549 X atau pemakaian produk = 0,549 kualitas produk. Artinya apabila kualitas produk ditingkatkan satu kali maka pemakaian produk akan meningkat 1/0,549 atau sekitar dua kali. Kualitas produk berkaitan secara bermakna dengan kualitas bahan baku herbal. Kontinuitas produksi di IKOT tergantung pada bahan baku yang berasal dari bukan hasil budidaya. Kemitraan dengan petani penyedia bahan baku melalui pola penanaman sistem Good Agriculture Practice (GAP). Pembinaan petani diarahkan pada cara budidaya, pengelolaan panen dan pasca panen serta cara penyimpanan bahan baku yang sesuai dengan Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional yang Baik (CPOTB). Kerjasama dengan pihak perguruan tinggi dalam hal pengujian bahan baku herbal harus dilakukan oleh IKOT agar kualitas bahan terstandar.

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The use of herbs remedies in industrial growth accompanied by traditional medicine. Specifically for Small traditional medicine Industry (IKOT) increasing its growth each year. IKOT contribute 20% of the national turnover of herbs products. The main problems faced by IKOT is the availability of raw materials and production quality that has not been standardized. This research aims to analyze the availability of raw materials for the product and IKOT contributions from IKOT product quality to the use of herbs products community. The method used was a survey and interviews to 4 IKOT in Depok and respondents who use herbs products as much as 84 people. Based on an analysis of the research results obtained Y = 0.549 X or product usage = 0.549 product quality. It means that, when the quality of products improved once and then use the product to rise 1/0.549 or about twice. The quality of the product concerned significantly to the quality of raw herbs. Continuity of production at IKOT depending on the raw material comes from is not the result of cultivation. Partnership with farmers providing raw materials through a system of planting pattern of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP). The construction of the farmers directed at how the cultivation, harvest and post harvest management and storage of the raw materials according to the way of making a good traditional medicine (CPOTB). Cooperation with the College in terms of raw herbs material testing must be carried out by the quality of the ingredients, standardized so that the IKOT."

"Usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum belum berhasil memberantas peredaran jamu berbahan Kimia Obat (BKO). Salah satu penyebabnya adalah penindakan yang bersifat reaktif sporadis, membuka kesempatan pelanggar hukum untuk beradaptasi dan terus berinovasi dalam melaksanakan modus operandinya demi menghindari tekanan dari penegak hukum. Untuk mengatasi hal ini diperlukan kewaspadaan nasional terhadap ancaman peredaran jamu BKO sebagai dasar penyusunan dan pelaksanaan suatu sistem peringatan dini. Yaitu serangkaian teknologi, kebijakan dan prosedur yang disusun khusus untuk pemprediksi dan memitigasi dampak peredaran jamu BKO. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode collection and analysis dalam pengolahan data. Teknik triangulasi digunakan untuk memastikan validitas data baik primer maupun sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelibatan komponen intelijen negara dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat menjadi hal yang mutlak dibutuhkan demi keberhasilan sistem peringatan dini atau early warning terkait peredaran jamu BKO. Badan intelijen negara selaku coordinator dari seluruh intelijen yang ada di instansi negara wajib menjalankan fungsi sebagai komite intelijen pusat (kominpus). Dalam satu system yang dibangun seharusnya Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) seharusnya didapat kerjasama kontrol antar lembaga yaitu BPOM, BIN, Bea dan Cukai, Kepolisian dan masyarakat. Early warning system menghadirkan 4 komponen utama sistem peringatan dini yaitu pengetahuan resiko, layanan pemantauan dan peringatan, diseminasi dan komunikasi serta kemampuan respons. Saran untuk melakukan pemberantasan dan pencegahan peredaran jamu BKO adalah melakukan studi untuk menilai potensi kerugian negara akibat peredaran BKO. Hasil studi tersebut dijadikan dasar untuk membangun kewaspadaan nasional dan ditindak lanjuti dengan penyusunan sistem peringatan dini yang melibatkan berbagai instansi terkait dan dukungan masyarakat.

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Efforts by law enforcement officers have not succeeded in eradicating the circulation of medicinal chemicals-contained herbal medicine or also known as Jamu Berbahan Kimia Obat (BKO). One of the causes is sporadic reactive action, which gives opportunities for law offenders to adapt and continue to innovate in carrying out their operational mode to avoid pressure from law enforcement. In order to overcome this issue, national awareness as an early warning system regarding the threat of BKO herbal medicine distribution is required. Such early warning system comprises a series of technologies, policies and procedures devised specifically for predicting and mitigating the impact of BKO herbal medicine circulation. This research uses the qualitative approach with collection and analysis method in data processing. Triangulation techniques are used to ensure the validity of both primary and secondary data. The results showed that the involvement of state intelligence components and the active participation of the community becomes absolutely necessary for the success of early warning system or early warning related to the circulation of BKO herbal medicine. National Intelligence Agencies (BIN) as the coordinator of all intelligences in state institutions must perform the function as central intelligence committee (Kominpus). The one-stop integrated system namely Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) should maintain cooperation between institutions such as BPOM, BIN, Customs and Excise, Police and society. Early warning system presents 4 main components, such as risk knowledge, monitoring and warning service, dissemination and communication, as well as response capability. As a suggestion, in eradicating and preventing the circulation of BKO herbal medicine, a study to assess the potential loss of the state due to the circulation of BKO herbal medicine should be conducted. The results of these studies serve as a basis for building national awareness and are followed up by the preparation of an early warning system involving various relevant agencies and community support."

"The green consumer movement is a reflection of people’s concern about the environment and hasgiven rise to the green market. Companies that want to survive in this market must be able to apply agreen label to all aspects of their business. This research aims to understand the influence of attitude,perceived value, and perceived price among customers on the decision to repurchase Javanony herbalproducts. The sampling technique in this study is purposive sampling. This study concludes thatthe attitude of customers who already have an understanding of green products is not completelysupported by the company in applying green marketing to create higher value for its customers.Consumers are ready to pay for the extra value, will pay a premium price, and will repurchase only ifthey perceive extra value in the green product."