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"In this study, a fuzzy-based expert system called the Pain Intensity Prediction Expert System (PIPES) was developed to predict pain severity risk (PSR) in shoveling-related tasks. The primary objective was to develop a non-changing rating risk assessment ergonomics tool that both efficient and comparable with those obtained from human ergonomics experts in the field of application. PIPES used fuzzy set theory (FST) to make decisions about the level of pain associated with a selected worker base on the measured task variables, namely scooping rate, scooping time, shovel load, and throw distance as input and PSR as the result. Values obtained from variable measurements from a sand shoveling task were run with PIPES, and the results were compared with the workers’ self-reported pain (WSRP) intensity using a numeric rating scale (NRS) tool. The result of validation showed that there was a strong positive relationship between WSRP NRS and PIPES NRS, with a correlation coefficient of 0.70. The independent sample t-test for mean difference showed that WSRP had a statistically significantly lower level of NRS (4.35 ± 2.1) compared to PIPES (4.75 ± 2.2), t (38) = - 0.591, p = 0.558. With a significance level of 0.001 at 95% confidence, the groups’ means were not significantly different. The study developed an expert system, PIPES, which can be used as a computerized representation of ergonomics experts, who are scarce. PIPES can be applied to construction industries, sand mine locations, and any workplace where materials are manually moved using a shovel."

"Inthis study, a fuzzy-based expert system called the Pain Intensity PredictionExpert System (PIPES) was developed to predict pain severity risk (PSR) inshoveling-related tasks. The primary objective was to develop a non-changing rating risk assessment ergonomicstool that both efficientand comparable with those obtained from human ergonomics experts in the fieldof application. PIPES used fuzzy settheory (FST) to make decisions about the level of pain associated with aselected worker base on the measured task variables, namely scooping rate, scooping time, shovel load, andthrow distance as input and PSR as the result. Values obtained from variable measurements from a sand shoveling taskwere run with PIPES, and the results were compared with the workers?self-reported pain (WSRP) intensity using a numeric rating scale (NRS) tool. The result of validation showed that there was astrong positive relationship between WSRP NRS and PIPES NRS, with a correlationcoefficient of 0.70. The independent sample t-test for mean difference showed that WSRP had a statistically significantly lower level of NRS (4.35 ± 2.1)compared to PIPES (4.75 ± 2.2), t (38) = - 0.591, p = 0.558. With asignificance level of 0.001 at 95% confidence, the groups? means were notsignificantly different. The study developed an expert system, PIPES, which can be used as a computerizedrepresentation of ergonomics experts, who are scarce. PIPES can be applied to construction industries, sand mine locations,and any workplace where materials are manually moved using a shovel."

"Suhu ruangan dan intensitas pencahayaan merupakan beberapa faktor lingkungan kerja fisik yang berpengaruh terhadap performa kerja dan beban mental manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu ruangan dan intensitas pencahayaan terhadap performa kognitif, (kecepatan respon dan konsentrasi), serta beban mental (tingkat stress) siswa sekolah dasar. Metode desain eksperimen faktorial digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dimana setiap faktor memiliki tiga level yang diujikan yaitu 21°C, 25°C,dan 29°C untuk suhu ruangan dan 50 lux, 150 lux, dan 300 lux untuk intensitas pencahayaan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa suhu ruangan dan intensitas pencahayaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap performa kognitif dan tingkat stress pada siswa sekolah dasar.

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Room temperature and light intensity are some of the physical work environment factors that affect work performance and human work load. This study aims to determine the effect of room temperature and light intensity on cognitive performance, (speed of response and concentration), and mental load, (the stress levels) of elementary school students. Factorial experimental design method used in this study, in which each factor has three levels to be tested, specifically 21°C, 25°C, and 29°C to room temperature and 50 lux, 150 lux and 300 lux for the light intensity. This study resulted that room temperature and light intensity are significantly affect on cognitive performance and stress levels in elementary school students."

"Aktivitas manual handling yang tidak tepat adalah salah satu bahaya yang paling sering dihadapi oleh pekerja di tempat kerja. Aktivitas manual handling seperti mengangkat, memindahkan, mendorong, menarik, membawa, atau menahan barang/beban, adanya tekanan pada bagian tubuh atau postur janggal yang dilakukan secara berulang atau dalam waktu yang lama, dapat menimbulkan cedera muskuloskeletal. Risiko cedera/keluhan muskuloskeletal dapat terjadi pada pekerja tergantung dari faktor-faktor beban yang ditangani, layout area kerja, postur atau pergerakan yang terkait, keahlian dan kebugaran pekerja, durasi dan frekuensi aktivitas. PTMI merupakan industri farmasi di Jakarta yang memproduksi obatobatan dengan melibatkan aktivitas manual handling yang dapat menjadi risiko terhadap keluhan MSDs. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran aktivitas manual handling, tingkat risiko ergonomi per bagian tubuh terkait postur, beban, durasi dan frekuensi menggunakan survei BRIEF, serta tingkat keluhan MSDs per bagian tubuh yang dirasakan oleh pekerja menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map.Hasil observasi pada bulan November - Desember 2010 terdapat aktivitas manual handling di semua tahap proses produksi/area kerja seperti mengangkat/menurunkan, mendorong/menarik, dan menahan beban. Terdapat postur janggal dan gerakan berulang. Hasil survei BRIEF diperoleh tingkat risiko ergonomi yang tinggi terdapat pada area penimbangan (pada 9 bagian tubuh), area pentabletan/pengkapsulan (pada punggung dan leher), dan pada area inspeksi (pada tangan kanan). Hasil kuesioner Nordic Body Map, dari 115 responden paling banyak merasakan keluhan MSDS pada bahu kanan (69%), bahu kiri (65%), leher (64%), dan punggung (62%). Keluhan MSDS yang berat dialami oleh Pekerja di area penimbangan (hampir semua bagian tubuh), di area Pentabletan/pengkapsulan (leher dan punggung), dan di area Inspeksi (kaki dan tangan). Distribusi keluhan MSDS berdasarkan jenis kelamin paling banyak pada perempuan; berdasarkan usia paling banyak pada pekerja usia 30 – 45 tahun; berdasarkan masa kerja paling banyak pada pekerja dengan masa kerja lebih dari 10 tahun; berdasarkan area kerja paling banyak pada pekerja di area penyalutan; berdasarkan kebiasaan tidur paling banyak pada pekerja dengan jam tidur kurang dari 7 jam; berdasarkan kebiasaan merokok paling banyak pada perokok ringan; berdasarkan kebiasaan olah raga paling banyak pada pekerja yang tidak terbiasa berolah raga.

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Activity of incorrect manual handling is one of the most common hazards facedby workers in the workplace. Manual handling activities such as lift, move, push, pull, carry, or hold the goods/load, the pressure on the body or awkward postures performed repeatedly or in a long time, can lead to musculoskeletal injury. Risk of injury / musculoskeletal disorders can occur in workers depending on the factors i.e. load to be handled, workspace layout, posture or movement-related, skill and fitness of workers, duration and frequency of activity. PTMI, a pharmaceutical industry in Jakarta, produces the drug by involving manual handling activity that can be a risk of MSDs complaints. Therefore a study should be conducted to know the manual handling activities, the level of ergonomics risk related to the body posture, weight, duration and frequency using BRIEF survey, and the level of MSDS complaints that is felt by workers per part of the body using Nordic Body Map questionnaire.

The result of observation in November - December 2010 there were manual handling activities at all stages of production process/work areas such as lifting/lowering, pushing/pulling, and holding the goods/load. There are awkward postures and repetitive movements. BRIEF survey results show the high level of ergonomic risk in the weighing area (in 9 parts of the body), tabletting/encapsulating (on the back and neck), and the inspection area (on right hand). Nordic Body Map Questionnaire results, of the 115 respondents, most complaints felt on the right shoulder MSDs (69%), left shoulder (65%), neck (64%), and back (62%). Severe MSDs Complaints experienced by workers in the weighing area (almost all parts of the body), in the tabletting/encapsulating area (neck and back), and in the Inspection area (feet and hands). Distribution of MSDS based on sex mostly occur on female workers; based on age mostly occur on workers aged 30-45 years; based on working experience mostly occur on workers which has been worked for more than 10 years; based on working area mostly occur on workers in the coating area; based on sleeping habit mostly occur on workers which has habit of sleeping less than 7 hours; based on smoking habit mostly occur on light smokers; based on sport habit mostly occur on workers which have no habit of working out sports."

"ABSTRAKGetaran lengan dan tangan serta kebisingan merupakan faktor fisika yangmemiliki potensi bahaya bagi kesehatan pekerja konstruksi dimana salah satunyadisebabkan oleh penggunaan portable power tools. Berdasarkan hal tersebutdilakukan analisis terhadap durasi maksimum penggunaan portable power toolsyang aman melalui standar dari keputusan menteri tenaga kerja no. KEP-51/MEN/1999 berikut langkah lain bagi pengendalian getaran dan kebisingan.Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu human vibration assessment berdasarkan ISO5349-2 (2001) dan pengukuran occupational noise. Hasil penelitian menyarankandurasi penggunaan alat yang optimal dan aman adalah ketika dihitung berdasarkannilai pajanan getaran dengan syarat pekerja wajib menggunakan alat pelindungdengar dengan spesifikasi tertentu.

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AbstractHand-arm vibration and noise are physical factors which have hazard potentiallyto the health of construction workers, which is one of them cause by the use ofportable power tools. Based on this, analysis was performed on the maximumsafely usage time of portable power tools through the standards of the laborminister's decision no. KEP-51/MEN/1999 along with other steps for controllingvibration and noise. The approach used is human vibration assessments based onISO 5349-2 (2001) and occupational noise measurement. The results suggest thatthe optimum and safe usage time is a value that calculated based on vibrationexposure on the condition of workers required to use hearing protective deviceswith a particular specification."

"Aktivitas pekerjaan penatu dan pekerja kebersihan kamar memiliki risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) terkait dengan postur janggal dalam durasi lama, gerakan berulang, dan rutin dilakukan setiap hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai risiko pekerjaan menggunakan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dan keluhan gejala Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) menggunakan Nordic Body Map. Hasil dari penilaian REBA pada penatu terdapat 13 pekerjaan berisiko sedang, 2 pekerjaan berisiko tinggi, dan 1 pekerjaan berisiko sangat tinggi. Pada pekerja kebersihan kamar terdapat 2 pekerjaan berisiko sedang, 3 pekerjaan berisiko tinggi, dan 1 pekerjaan berisiko sangat tinggi.Hasil kuesioner Nordic Body Map keluhan gejala MSDs yang paling banyak dirasakan penatu pada bahu kiri dan bahu kanan. Sedangkan pada pekerja kebersihan kamar keluhan gejala yang paling banyak dirasakan pada pinggang, betis kiri, dan betis kanan. Keluhan gejala MSDs yang paling banyak dirasakan adalah pegal-pegal, sakit (nyeri), kejang (kram). Selain postur kerja, karakteristik individu pekerja juga memperberat keluhan gejala MSDs seperti usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Sebagian besar aktivitas kerja memiliki tingkat risiko keluhan gejala MSDs sehingga diperlukan segera tindakan perbaikan sistem kerja.

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Laundry workers and room attendant activities have Musculoskeletal Disorders risk in association with awkward posture in long duration, repetitive movements, and routine activity. The study was conducted to assess the working risk by using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Musculoskeletal Disorders symptoms by using Nordic Body Map. The REBA result shows there are 13 laundry worker?s activities with medium risk, 2 activities with high risk, and 1 activity with very high risk. For room attendant group, there are 2 activities with medium risk, 3 activities with high risk, and 1 activity with very high risk.

The Nordic Body Map questionnaire result shows the most perceived Musculoskeletal Disorders symptom by the laundry workers are the symptoms that felt on right and left shoulder. For the room attendant group the most perceived Musculoskeletal Disorders symptoms are the symptoms that felt on waist, right and left calf. The most felt Musculoskeletal Disorders symptoms that felt by the workers are aches, pain, and cramps. Besides of the working posture, the worker?s individual characteristics aggravate the MSDs symptoms like age, sex, physical activity, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Most of activities have their own MSDs symptoms level of risk that required corrective action for the design of the workplace.

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"Risiko ergonomis terhadap postur kerja staf layanan kesehatan yang bertanggung jawab atas perawatan pasien, memiliki risiko lebih rentan yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit muskuloskeletal dibandingkan dengan bidang kerja lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran postur kerja dan keluhan muskuloskeletal dengan menggunakan slide sheet dan manual untuk perawat di Unit Stroke Jatinegara Premier.Ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan studi cross sectional, faktor independen dari faktor pekerjaan (durasi, beban, shift kerja, pegangan beban metode kerja), faktor individu (usia, masa kerja, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh), menggunakan REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) untuk gambaran postur kerja dan kuesioner NBM (Nordic Body Map) untuk mendapatkan gambaran dengan menggunakan Skala Likert 4 indikator keluhan nyeri. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus besar sampel untuk beda proporsi dua kelompok (satu arah) oleh Gerr et al., 2002 didapatkan besaran 14 sampel.Hasilnya dari penelitian untuk postur kerja pada penangangan pasien secara manual dengan metode REBA didapatkan postur kerja dengan risiko ergonomi tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 8 sampai dengan 10 sedangkan dengan menggunakan slide sheet rata-rata adalah 3 sampai dengan 7 dengan kategori risiko ergonomi sedang, untuk keluhan muskuloskeletal pada penanganan pasien secara manual berdasarkan kuesioner Nordic Body Map didapatkan tingkat nyeri rata-rata 2 sampai dengan 3 yaitu sedikit ada keluhan nyeri di bagian atas leher, leher bagian bawah, bahu kiri, bahu kanan, lengan atas, di punggung dan pinggang sedangkan penanganan pasien menggunakan slide sheet tingkat nyeri rata-rata 1sampai dengan 2 yaitu tidak ada keluhan sama sekali.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian adanya hubungan signifikan antara postur kerja dengan keluhan musculoskeletal disorders pada penggunaan slide sheet dan manual dengan jenis kelamin (p value <0,05) dan masa kerja (p value <0,05).Disarankan untuk rumah sakit menambah jumlah slide sheet dan melakukan evaluasi dan monitoring terhadap postur kerja ergonomis pada penanganan pasien.

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Ergonomic risk towards the work posture of health service staff responsible for patient care has more vulnerable risks that could cause musculoskeletal disorders compared to other occupational fields. The purpose of this study is to describe work posture and musculoskeletal disorders by using slide sheets and manuals for Stroke Uni nurses in premier Jatinegara Hospitalt.

This is an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. Variables of this study contain factors independent of occupational factors (duration, burden, work shift, handle of work method load), individual factors (age, years of service, gender, body mass index), by using REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) to describe work posture and NBM (Nordic Body Map) questionnaire to describe pain complaints with Likert Scale 4 indicators. Sampling using the sample size formula for different proportions of two groups (one direction) by Gerr et al., 2002 quation collected 14 samples.

Based on the results of this study on the work posture of patient handling calculated manually with the REBA method, it is obtained a high ergonomic risk work posture with an average value of 8 to10, while using slide sheets is the average of 3 to 7 (moderate ergonomic risk category). The average of pain level of musculoskeletal disorders on patients handling based on the NBM questionnaire is 2 to 3, there was a slight complaint of pain at the top of the neck, lower neck, left shoulder, right shoulder, upper arm, back and waist, while using slide sheets is the average of 1 to 2 (no complaints).

Based on the results of this study were significantly between that work posture and musculoskeletal complaints by using slide sheet and manuals releated to gender (p value<0,05) and work periode (p value<0,05). It is suggested to hospital to add the slide sheets, evaluate and monitor the ergonomic work posture for handling patients."

"AIS sebagai alat yang diwajibkan digunakan kapal menurut SOLAS sebagai pencegah tabrakan antar kapal memiliki potensi yang lebih besar dalam penerapan ruang lingkup data analytics. Data posisi kapal dapat membantu menggambarkan perilaku kapal di lautan. Aplikasi data AIS bisa membantu mengoptimalkan operasional kapal. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan tentang sebuah metode penerapan data AIS untuk menghasilkan prediksi waktu tunggu kapal. Algoritma Extreme Gradient Boosting (Xgboost) akan digunakan sebagai pendekatan melakukan prediksi dari data historis. Dengan xgboost, prediksi yang dihasilkan mendapatkan nilai RMSE sebesar 268.47 dan R2 sekitar 0.3 setelah dioptimalkan dengan hyperparameter tuning. Hasil prediksi ini dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan penerapan green steaming ataupun bahan evaluasi pelabuhan untuk mengembangkan pelayanannya.

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AIS as a tool, according to SOLAS, used as a prevention of collisions between ships has more significant potential in the application of the scope of data analytics. Ship position data can help describe ship behavior at sea. AIS data applications can help optimize ship operations. This research will describe a method of applying AIS data to generate predictions of ship waiting times. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (Xgboost) algorithm will be used to make predictions from historical data. With xgboost, the resulting prediction gets an RMSE value of 268.47 and an R2 of about 0.3 after being optimized with hyperparameter tuning. The results of this prediction can be used as consideration for implementing green steaming or evaluating port evaluation materials to develop their services."