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"Berdasarkan sejarah nasional pada tahun 1999 (Carre & Thurik, 1998) ketika Indonesia dilanda krisis ekonomi, Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) menjadi salah satu jenis usaha yang dinilai cukup fleksibel dalam menghadapi perubahan lingkungan (Guo & Cao, 2013). Kontribusi UMKM terhadap perekonomian nasional juga cukup besar, yaitu dengan menyediakan lapangan kerja sebesar 97,2% dari total lapangan kerja yang tersedia dan menyumbang sekitar 56,5% PDB nasional pada tahun 2014. Berbagai potensi UMKM yang dimiliki tidak membuat jenis usaha tersebut terlepas dari beberapa masalah yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus dari berbagai pihak. UMKM ternyata cukup sulit dalam menumbuhkan usahanya untuk “naik kelas” ke skala yang lebih besar. Maka dari itu, tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisa pengaruh lingkungan dinamis, orientasi kewirausahaan dan kapabilitas dinamis terhadap kinerja, agar UMKM di Indonesia dapat tumbuh dan berkembang.

Penelitian dilakukan kepada 210 UKM (usaha kecil dan mikro) yang tersebar di wilayah Jakarta, Depok, Bandung, Jogja dan Jember. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah SEM (Structural Equation Model) serta data statistik diolah dengan menggunakan perngkat lunak Lisrel versi 8.8.

Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa lingkungan dinamis memiliki pengaruh yang paling besar terhadap perubahan kinerja UKM di Indonesia. Namun, kapabilitas dinamis ternyata tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kerja pada level UKM.

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Based on national history in 1999 (Carre & Thurik, 1998) when the economic crisis hit Indonesia, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to be one type of business that is considered quite flexible in the face of environmental change (Guo and Cao, 2013). The contribution of SMEs to the national economy is also quite large, by providing employment for 97.2% of total employment provided and accounted for approximately 56.5% of national GDP in 2014. Various potential of SMEs that are not held to make it regardless from some problems that need special attention from various parties. SMEs turned out to be quite difficult to grow their businesses to "jump" to a larger or higher scale. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to examine and analyze the effect of environmental dynamism, entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities of the performance, in order to SMEs in Indonesia can grow and develop.

The study was conducted to 210 SMEs (small and micro enterprises) which are spread throughout Jakarta, Depok, Bandung, Yogyakarta and Jember. The method used is SEM (Structural Equation Model) as well as statistical data were processed using Lisrel software version 8.8.

The result of study says that the dynamic environment has the greatest influence on the change in the performance of SMEs in Indonesia. However, the dynamic capabilities it did not affect the increase in employment at the level of SMEs."

"Saat ini UKM bersaing dengan percepatan kemajuan teknologi dan pasar, serta inovasi yang semakin menantang. UKM berjuang untuk menerapkan inovasi karena mereka mungkin kurang dalam keterampilan manajerial dan teknis. Namun, mereka dapat menuai hasil yang lebih tinggi jika mereka lebih fleksibel dan cepat menanggapi perubahan lingkungan bisnis yang dinamis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peran fleksibilitas strategis dalam hubungan antara orientasi strategis (orientasi kewirausahaan dan orientasi pembelajaran), kapabilitas dinamis, dengan kinerja finansial dan kinerja inovasi UKM pada sektor kreatif Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini, kuesioner disebarkan secara daring kepada 150 UKM sektor kreatif di Pulau Jawa, namun demikian hanya 119 responden yang lolos proses skrining, dan datanya dapat diolah lebih lanjut. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan untuk mengolah data survei adalah partial-least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Hasil analisis data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel fleksibilitas strategis memediasi variabel orientasi kewirausahaan, orientasi pembelajaran, dan kapabilitas dinamis terhadap variabel kinerja finansial dan kinerja inovasi. Serta temuan lain dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kinerja inovasi dapat memediasi hubungan variabel fleksibilitas strategis dengan kinerja finansial.

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Currently, SMEs are competing with accelerated technological and market advances, as well as increasingly challenging innovations. SMEs struggle to implement innovations because they may lack managerial and technical skills. However, they could reap higher returns if they were more flexible and quick to respond to changes in the dynamic business environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role strategic flexibility in the relationship between structured strategy (entrepreneurship orientation and learning orientation), dynamic capabilities, and financial performance and innovation performance of SMEs in Indonesia's creative sector. In this study, questionnaires were distributed online to 150 creative sector SMEs in Java, however, only 119 respondents passed the screening process, and the data can be processed further. The data processing method used to process the survey data is the partial-least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The results of the research data analysis show that strategic flexibility mediates the variables of entrepreneurial orientation, learning orientation, and dynamic capabilities on SMEs financial performance and innovation performance. As well as other findings in this study indicate that the innovation performance can mediate the relationship between strategic flexibility and financial performance."

"In the year of 1997 Indonesia hit by financial dissaster known as monetary crisis. Thousands of bank's customer withdrawn their money in a great numbers from national banks, consequently many private banks in Indonesia have facing with deficit of liquidity. bank of Indonesia as lender of the last resort pouring fresh money into 48 banks arround IDR 144,5 trillion as loan assistance to back up their sort of liquidity, and additional loan assistance gave in 29 January 1999 about IDR 14,447 trillion therefore totally loan assistance in amount is IDR 158,947 trillion. The good faith is to help dying banks in the situation of crisis. Indonesiagovernment supports the loan assistance given by Bank of Indonesia Through releasing presidential decree No. 26/1998.On the first of November 1997 the government liquidated 17 private banks out of 48 receiver banks of the BI loan because of their incapabilityto continue running the banks caused by capital rush in a great amounts. The BI loan received by the 17 closing banks is IDR 11,89 trillion, but untill now the loan backs into state account just only IDR 2,96 trillion. How very protracted is the government in handling the BI loan cases in the history of Republic Indonesia. Protest, demonstration, till accusation against government and legal axamination of the government policy have been done frequently, however the rule of law and the government failed to jail the loan's embezzler, even less to confiscate their properties."

"Pandemi covid-19 membawa dampak negatif bagi populasi startup di Jabodetabek. Pemanfaatan teknologi digital dapat menjadi salah satu peluang bagi startup digital untuk bertahan dan meningkatkan kinerjanya melalui perluasan pasar dan pertumbuhan konsumen. Orientasi kewirausahaan juga terbukti membantu startup mengembangkan model bisnis, menciptakan nilai, dan menigkatkan keunggulan kompetitif, sehingga startup dapat bertahan dalam menghadapi lingkungan bisnis yanng dinamis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji secara empiris pengaruh kapabilitas platform digital dalam hubungannya dengan kapabilitas jaringan dan orientasi kewirausahaan dalam pencapaian kinerja startup digital. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode purposive sampling dan melakukan survey terhadap 112 startup digital di Jabodetabek menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan metode Partial Least Square (PLS) untuk menguji hipotesisnya. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa kinerja startup digital dapat dipengaruhi oleh kapabilitas platform digital dan orientasi kewirausahaan. Namun di sisi lain, kapabilitas jaringan tidak mampu mempengaruhi kinerja startup. Hal ini justru bertentangan dengan beberapa penelitian terdahulu tentang hubungan antara kapabilitas jaringan dan Kinerja bisnis. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis dengan menguatkan pola hubungan pengaruh langsung kapabilitas platform digital terhadap kinerja startup. Pengaruh langsung tersebut lebih kuat dibandingkan pengaruh tidak langsung melalui orientasi kewirausahaan dalam konteks startup digital. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa digital startup dalam menghadapi ketidakpastian lingkungan akibat covid-19 tetap mampu meningkatkan kinerjanya yang berupa skalabilitas pertumbuhan konsumen dan perluasan pasar dengan memfokuskan strategi pada pengembangan kapabilitas platform digital melalui penguatan infrastruktur TI, kapabilitas TI, serta kapabilitas ekspansi. Kemudian, peran orientasi kewirausahaan dengan proaktif, inovatif, dan berani mengambil risiko terhadap peluang digital juga mampu meningkatkan kinerja digital startup.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the startup population in Greater Jakarta. The use of digital technology can be an opportunity for digital startups to survive and improve their performance through market expansion and consumer growth. Entrepreneurial orientation has also been proven to help startups develop business models, create value, and increase the competitive advantage to survive in the face of a dynamic business environment. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the influence of digital platform capabilities with network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation in achieving startup performance. This research is quantitative research with purposive sampling method and surveyed 112 digital startups in Greater Jakarta using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS) method to test the hypothesis. The study results prove that digital platforms and entrepreneurial orientation capabilities can influence startup performance. However, on the other hand, network capabilities are not able to affect startup performance. This case contradicts some previous research on the relationship between network capabilities and business performance. This research provides a theoretical contribution by strengthening the relationship pattern of the direct influence of digital platform capabilities on startup performance. The direct influence is stronger than the indirect influence through entrepreneurial orientation in the context of digital startups. This research proves that in facing environmental uncertainty because of COVID-19, digital startups still can improve their consumer growth scalability and market expansion by focusing their strategy on developing digital platform capabilities by strengthening IT infrastructure and IT capability and expansion capabilities. Then, the role of entrepreneurship orientation by being proactive, innovative, and willing to take risks towards digital opportunities can also improve the digital performance of startups."

"Pertumbuhan jumlah klinik di Indonesia semakin meningkatkan kompetisi antar klinik. Klinik yang mampu beradaptasi dari tantangan dan memiliki performance yang baik akan dapat mengatasi ancaman dan dapat bertahan hidup serta terus berkembang. sehingga setiap klinik perlu memperhatikan hal yang mempengaruhi organizational performance. Entrepreneurial leadership, enterpreneurial orientation, dynamic capability dan innovation capability yang memberikan pengaruh juga pada organizational performance Klinik. Penulisan ini dilakukan dengan melakukan survey dengan jumlah 541 responden pemilik/ pimpinan klinik yang beroperasi di Indonesia. Setelah dilakukan cleansing data digunakan 385 responden Klinik. Penelitian dengan melakukan uji empiris melalui metode kuantitatif dan structural equation model-partial least square (SEM-PLS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa entrepreneurial leadership mempengaruhi organizational performance melalui mediasi enterpreneurial orientation, dynamic capability dan innovation capability secara positif dan signifikan. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya klinik meningkatkan kapasitasnya yang mencakup setiap variabel dalam penelitian, dimana setiap variabel memiliki peran signifikan dalam menciptakan performance yang tinggi untuk klinik dapat memenangkan kompetisi.

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The growth in the number of clinics in Indonesia is further increasing competition between clinics. Clinics that are able to adapt to challenges and have good performance will be able to overcome threats and can survive and continue to grow. So every clinic needs to pay attention to things that affect organizational performance. Entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capability and innovation capability which also have an influence on the Clinic's organizational performance. This writing was carried out by conducting a survey with a total of 541 respondents who are owners/leaders of clinics operating in Indonesia. After the cleansing was carried out, 385 Clinic respondents were used. The research was conducted by conducting empirical tests through quantitative methods and structural equation model-partial least square (SEM-PLS). The results of the analysis show that entrepreneurial leadership affects organizational performance through the mediation of entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capability and innovation capability positively and significantly. This study emphasizes the importance of clinics increasing their capacity which includes every variable in the research, where each variable has a significant role in creating high performance for the clinic to win the competition."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan mengembangkan jejaring terhadap kinerja UMKM yang dimediasi oleh orientasi kewirausahaan dan orientasi pasar.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari 95 UMKM yang ada di sentra tekstil Cipadu, Kota Tangerang, Indonesia. Dengan metode analisis SEM-PLS, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orientasi pasar memediasi pengaruh kemampuan mengembangkan jejaring terhadap kinerja UMKM dan kemampuan mengembangkan jejaring juga berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap orientasi kewirausahaan namun orientasi kewirausahaan tidak berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap kinerja. Kemampuan mengembangkan jejaring juga tidak berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya meningkatkan orientasi pasar dari UMKM, memperkuat jejaring diantara UMKM dan membangun kapasitas UMKM tentang kewirausahaan serta memberi masukan buat pembuat kebijakan atau pemerintah daerah untuk membantu UMKM meningkatkan kinerjanya dengan cara melakukan pelatihan dan meningkatkan kualitas akses dan fasilitas terhadap UMKM.

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This study aims to understand effect of networking capabilities on performance of SMEs by mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation. This study uses quantitative methods with data collection from 95 SMEs in Cipadu textile center, Tangerang City, Indonesia. With causal analysis method, SEM-PLS analysis, the results of research show that market orientation can mediate networking capabilities on performance of SMEs and networking capabilities have significant influence on entrepreneurial orientation. Yet, networking capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation have no influence on performance of SMEs significantly. This study proposes strengthening market orientation of SMEs, building networking among SMEs and building capacity of SMEs on entrepreneurialship and enhancing market orientation in improving performance of SMEs. In addition, advocacy also should be addresed to policy makers such as local government to support SMEs to improve performance by building capacity of SMEs through training and improving accesibility and facilities of SMEs."

"Digitalisasi menawarkan kesempatan yang besar untuk lingkungan bisnis, tak terkecuali untuk perusahaan rintisan (startup). Menanggapi desakan teknologi, banyak perusahaan rintisan yang menggunakan platform digital sebagai strategi bisnis mereka. Namun kenyataannya, banyak perusahaan rintisan yang gugur karena tidak adanya entrepreneurial orientation dan digital platform capability yang sebanding. Selain itu, perusahaan rintisan menghadapi tantangan yang unik karena sumber daya mereka yang terbatas maka perusahaan rintisan harus mampu mengelola hubungan internal dan eksternal mereka sehingga dibutuhkan network capability yang baik. Dalam mengelola hubungan tersebut, perusahaan juga harus mampu mengembangkan pendekatan strategic flexibility mereka. Karena skala perusahaan yang kecil, maka dibutuhkannya kemampuan untuk mengambil tindakan yang fleksibel dan cepat dalam menanggapi perubahan lingkungan. Dengan adanya kapabilitas dan orientasi tersebut diharapkan bahwa perusahaan rintisan dapat meningkatkan startup performance mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh entrepreneurial orientation dan digital platform capability yang dipengaruhi network capability dan strategic flexibility terhadap startup performance. Survey dilakukan terhadap 124 perusahaan rintisan berbasis digital dalam bidang jasa di Indonesia. Selanjutnya hasil survey dianalisis menggunakan structural equation modelling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) untuk menguji hipotesisnya. Hasilnya, entrepreneurial orientation dan digital platform capability berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap network capability dan tidak langsung terhadap startup performance melalui peran network capability dan strategic performance. Namun berdasarkan penelitian ini bahwa pengaruh network capability terhadap startup performance tidak didukung data

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Digitization offers great opportunities for the business environment, and there are no exceptions for startup companies. Responding to the pressure of technology, many startup companies are using digital platforms as their business strategy. However, in reality, many startups fail due to the lack of an entrepreneurial orientation and comparable digital platform capability. In addition, startups face unique challenges because of their limited resources, so startups must be able to manage their internal and external relationships hence good network capability is needed. In managing these relationships, companies must also be able to develop their strategic flexibility approach. Due to the small scale of the company, it requires the ability to take flexible and fast actions in response to environmental changes. With this capability and orientation, it is hoped that startup companies can improve their startup performance.

This study aims to empirically examine the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and digital platform capability that effect network capability and strategic flexibility on startup performance. The survey was conducted on 124 digital-based startups in the service sector in Indonesia. Furthermore, the survey results were analyzed using the structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) to test the hypothesis.

As a result, entrepreneurship orientation and digital platform capabilities have a direct effect on network capabilities and indirectly on startup performance through the role of network capabilities and strategic flexibility. However, based on this research, the effect of network capability on startup performance is not supported by data."