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Winarto
"The performance of ball bearings is strongly influenced by the lubrication system. In this research, the development of a lubrication system was performed by the formation of an interlocking system through a composite coating, i.e. Zn3(PO4)2 / MoS2 / MWCNT / nanographite / Na2SiO3 prepared by chemical immersion. The coating was applied through the one-mixing-layer and multi-layer techniques. The results showed that the one-mixing-layer technique has the ability to form an homogeneous thin layer with a surface roughness index that varies between 1.00 µm and 1.35 µm, whereas the thickness of the composite layers was found to be in the range from 5 µm to 6 µm. The multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) technique increased the interlocking capabilities of the coating and the solid lubricant. The one-mixing-layer technique indicated better results than that of multi-layer coated balls in terms of distribution and uniformity of elements on the coating surface, good interlocking between the composite compounds, and the thickness of the layer formed. The performance of nanocomposite coatings on the friction of the steel balls also showed that the ball bearings with a one-mixing-layer composite coating have a higher wear resistance than that of both the uncoated and the multi-layer coated ball bearings."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
UI-IJTECH 6:3 (2015)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Martinus Adi Anggoro
"Kualitas kerja bantalan sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem pelumasannya. Pengembangan sistem pelumasan dilakukan dengan pembentukan sistem interlocking ? adsorbsi yang digabungkan dalam pelumas padat, dibentuk melalui pelapisan komposit Zn3(PO4)2 / MoS2 / MWCNT / nanografit / Na2SiO3 secara pencelupan kimiawi. Teknik one mixing layer menunjukkan kemampuan pembentukan lapisan tipis yang homogen. Kombinasi kristal phospat, phosphophyllite dan hopeite, terbentuk di matriks komposit. Permukaan kasar terbentuk pada bola komposit, tingkat kekasaran bola komposit I: 1,350 m, komposit II: 1,000 m dan komposit III: 0,475 m. Ketebalan komposit berada pada daerah 5 ? 6 m. Pelumas dapat teradsorb dalam lapisan komposit, terjadi interaksi ikatan hidrogen antara pelumas dan kristal phosphat. Multi walled carbon nanotube mempunyai kemampuan interlocking dan pelumas padat yang lebih baik dibandingkan grafit ketjenblack. Bola komposit memiliki ketahanan friksi yang lebih baik dibanding bola tanpa pelapisan ataupun bola berlapis MoS2; bola komposit II memiliki rasio umur pakai tertinggi (17,92) untuk uji friksi satu kali pelumasan, sedangkan umur pakai tertinggi uji friksi simulasi pelumasan berkala dimiliki oleh kedua bola komposit II dan III (rasio > 28,3).

Work quality of bearing is strongly influenced by its lubrication system. Development of lubrication system can be done by create an interlocking and adsorbtion system which is combined by solid lubricants. It was formed through a coating of Zn3(PO4)2 / MoS2 / MWCNT / nanografit / Na2SiO3 composite by chemical immersing. One mixing layer technique show good ability to produce homogeneous thin layer. Combinations of phosphate crystals, phosphophyllite and hopeite, was formed in the composite matrix. Rough surface was formed on composite ball, roughness of composite I ball: 1.350 m, composites II ball: 1.000 m and composites III ball: 0.475 m. Thickness of composite is in the region of 5 - 6 m. Lubricants can be adsorbed in composite layer, lubricants and phosphate crystals have hydrogen bonding interaction. Multi walled carbon nanotube has better interlocking and solid lubricants capabilities than its graphite ketjenblack. Composite ball has a better friction resistance than no coating ball and MoS2 coated balls; composite II ball has the highest lifetime ratio (17.92) for a one-time lubrication friction test, while the highest lifetime friction test simulating periodic lubrication is owned by both of composites II and III ball (ratio> 28.3)."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2013
T35197
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dedison Gasni
"Due to increased environmental sensitivity, renewable-based lubricants, and food grade lubricants are being considered potential alternatives to petroleum-based lubricants. Understanding of bio-lubricant in relation to abrasive wear is essential for using ball bearings in industrial implementation. This study focused on wear mechanism on ball bearings lubricated by bio-lubricants. Palm oil and coconut oils were used in this study. Coconut oils were made by two processes, namely dry and wet processing, resulting in three types of oil (virgin coconut oil [VCO], refined coconut oil [RCO], and hydrogenated coconut oil [HCO]). Full-scale bearing life tests were conducted with 300 N load with 2,840 rpm for 6 hours. Method of lubrication was circulating oil by using pump injection to the self-aligning ball bearings. The results show that the main wear mechanism, which impacted on the surfaces of inner race, outer race, and ball for different bio-lubricants, were abrasive and adhesive wear. It found that the abrasion rate was the least severe for VCO. The discrepancies of worn surfaces are thought to be as a result of the physical and chemical properties of bio-lubricants."
Depok: Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, 2017
UI-IJTECH 8:7 (2017)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rona Khairol Pratama
"ABSTRAK
Pengelasan baja tahan aus memiliki masalah serius yang harus ditangani,
yaitu terjadinya retak dingin. Sehingga dengan latar belakang tersebut maka
lahirlah skripsi ini yang berisi tentang penelitian pengaruh pemanasan awal dan
perbedaan ketebalan pelat terhadap ketahanan retak dan sifat mekanis baja tahan
aus CREUSABRO® 8000 dengan pengelasan smaw multilayer. Elektroda yang
digunakan adalah elektroda E 7018 dan MG NOX 35. Sampel terdiri dari 8
pasang plat CREUSABRO® 8000 dimana 4 pasang sampel dilas dengan
elektroda E 7018 sebagai root dan MG NOX 35 sebagai cap, dan untuk 4 pasang
sisanya dilakukan sebaliknya. Proses pemanasan awal dilakukan dengan
menggunakan electrical preheater pada 4 hasil sambungan dengan varibel tanpa
pemanasan awal, dan pemanasan awal 2000C. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data,
penerapan pengelasan SMAW multilayer pada perlakuan pemanasan awal 2000C
dan tanpa pemanasan awal tidak mengakibatkan adanya retak dingin pada hasil
lasan. Selain itu, perlakuan pemanasan awal dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis
pada hasil lasan, lalu logam yang lebih tebal memiliki kekerasan yang lebih
tinggi, dikarenakan laju pendinginannya yang lebih cepat.

Abstract
Wear resistance steel on welding have problem is that occurance of cold
cracks. So with this background is made this project which consist of reseach on
effect of preheating and different thickness plate on crack resistance and
mechanical properties of CREUSABRO® 8000 wear resistance steel welded by
multilayer SMAW process. Welding electrodes that be used are E 7018 and MG
NOX 35. All of sample consisted of 8 pieces CREUSABRO® 8000 wear
resistance steel plates, where 4 pieces of plates that be joined with E 7018
electrode as root and MG NOX 35 electrode as cap, and 4 pieces plates other do
otherwise. The process of preheat is done by using electrical preheater with 4
joining for each variable consisting of without preheat and preheat 2000C. Based
on the results of data analysis, cold cracking is not consist to the application of
SMAW multilayer in without preheat and preheat 2000C. Application of preheat
also can improve mechanical properties of weld area, and than metal which more
thickness have more hardness, it?s cause of cooling rate is faster."
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S43610
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mukhamad Fiqih Fadzli
" ABSTRAK
Pelapisan dengan tungsten karbida banyak digunakan sebagai bahan pelapis memberikan kombinasi sifat mekanik ketangguhan tinggi, kekerasan tinggi, dan kekuatan yang baik. Pada penelitian ini 0,05 wt dan 0,15 wt MWCNT dicampur dengan proses ball milling pada larutan etanol dengan material serbuk WC Tungtec 10112. Sebelum pencampuran dengan WC Tungtec 10112 dilakukan, dispersi dan deagglomerasi dari MWCNT dilakukan melalui metode ultrasonikasi dengan larutan SDS. Hasil pencampuran serbuk nanokomposit selanjutnya dilakukan penyemprotan logam nyala api oksi asetilen pada sebuah substrat baja perkakas. Mikrostruktur dari lapisan yang Diamati dengan menggunakan scanning electron microscope SEM , energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS , dan X-ray diffraction XRD digunakan untuk mengamati senyawa yang terbentuk. Kekerasan mikro diukur dengan metode mikrovickers dan ketahanan aus abrasif diuji dengan menggunakan mesin ogoshi berdasarkan standar ASTM E384. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa proses dispersi dengan ultrasonikasi menggunakan larutan SDS dan pencampuran dengan balll-milling baik digunakan untuk proses dispersi CNT dengan matriks Tungtec 10112 karena menghasilkan dispersi dan ditribusi yang baik antara CNT dan serbuk Tungtec 10112 sehingga mampu meningkatkan nilai kekerasan dan ketahanan aus lapisan. Penambahan sebanyak 0,15 wt CNT Menunjukkan Kenaikan ketahanan aus hingga 50 Dibandingkan dengan pelapisan WC tanpa penguat CNT. Kekerasan lapisan dengan penguat CNT juga Meningkat Dibandingkan dengan lapisan WC tanpa penguat dan substrat dengan nilai kekerasan sebesar 1717 HV. Hasil pelapisan dengan penambahan penguat CNT Menunjukkan ketahanan aus abrasif tinggi daripada lapisan tanpa penguat CNT menyimpulkan bahwa CNT dapat menjadi alternatif yang baik untuk meningkatkan ketahanan aus abrasif lapisan.
ABSTRACT WC is widely used as a tribological coating material providing a combination of high toughness, high hardness, and good strength. In this work, 0.05 wt. 0,15 wt of CNTs were mixed by ball milling in ethanol solution with WC Tungtec 10112 powders. Before mixing with WC Tungtec 10112, dispersion is done through ultrasonication method with SDS solution. The mixture was thermally sprayed using the flame spraying process onto a plain tool steel substrate. The microstructures of the coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscope SEM , energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy EDS , and X ray diffraction XRD were used for phase identification . The microhardness was measured by Vickers indentation and the abrasive wear resistance was evaluated using ogoshi machine according to ASTM E384 standard. Effects of CNTs on the microstructure, abrasion wear and microhardness of the coatings were investigated. Experimental results have shown ultrasonication using SDS solution and ball milling was suitable to disperse CNTs with WC Tungtec 10112 feed powders since it produces an adequate relationship between CNTs 39 and WC Tungtec 10112 which enhances the microhardness and wear resistance of coatings. The 0,15 wt CNT WC coating showed an increase in wear resistance of almost 50 compared with WC coating without CNT reinforced,The hardness of coating reinforced CNT is increased compared to the WC coating and substrate with the value of 1717 HV. All reinforced coatings showed a higher abrasive wear resistance than non reinforced indicating that CNTs are a good alternative to improve abrasion wear resistance of WC coatings."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2017
S66707
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Engineers are faced with a bewildering array of choices when selecting a surface treatment for a specific corrosion or wear application. This book provides practical information to help them select the best possible treatment. An entire chapter is devoted to process comparisons, and dozens of useful tables and figures compare surface treatment thickness and hardness ranges; abrasion and corrosion resistance; processing time, temperature, and pressure; costs; distortion tendencies; and other critical process factors and coating characteristics. The chapter 'Practical Guidelines for Surface Engineering' describes hands-on approaches for matching surface treatments with design and performance requirements. The book includes the content from an Institute of Materials design guide publication, combined with information from several ASM Handbook volumes and other ASM and industry sources. All the material has been carefully organized, edited, and rewritten as needed to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date, and user-friendly guide to the subject. "
Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 2001
e20442167
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Achsanul Rizqi
"ABSTRAK
Hardfacing merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam mendapatkan
permukaan logam dengan sifat mekanis tinggi. Penelitian ini memvariasikan
jumlah lapisan buttering dan jenis elektroda untuk melihat pengaruh variabel
tersebut terhadap hasil hardfacing baja tahan aus CREUSABRO 8000. Elektroda
yang digunakan adalah MG DUR-3 dan AWS 309L sebagai lapisan buttering, dan
MG DUR-65 sebagai lapisan hardfacing. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi
pengamatan visual, pengamatan radiografi, pengujian kekerasan, pengujian
keausan, dan pengamatan metalografi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa
semakin banyak jumlah lapisan akan meminimalisir retak yang timbul dari proses
hardfacing. Selain itu elektroda AWS 309L menjadi lapisan buttering yang lebih
baik dibanding MG DUR-3 untuk menghindari timbulnya retak.

ABSTRACT
Hardfacing is one of the alternatives to obtain highly mechanical
properties of metal surface. This study vary the amount of layer of buttering and
use different electrodes to see the effect of those variables related to the result of
hardfacing of wear resistance steel CREUSABRO 8000. The electode used were
MG DUR-3 and AWS 309L as buttering layer and MG DUR-65 as hardfacing
layer. A series of tests conducted were visual examination, radiographic
inspection, hardness measurement, wear test, and metallography analysis. The
results showed that as the number of buttering layer increased, there is a decrease
amount of cracks that formed during hardfacing process. Besides, the AWS 309 L
electrode is better than MG DUR-3 as buttering layer to resist formation of cracks."
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S42805
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Wahidun Adam
"ABSTRAK
Teknologi Hardfacing pada prinsipnya adalah melapisi material induk dengan
material yang lebih keras agar kekerasan dan ketahanan ausnya meningkat dan
umur pakai dari material tersebut menjadi lebih lama. Masalah timbul ketika kita
ingin melakukan hardfacing pada material yang sudah keras. Hasil hardfacing
material keras selalu mengalami retak-retak halus. Untuk itu, dilakukanlah
penelitian guna mencari proses hardfacing yang tepat untuk material keras ini.
Penelitian ini dilakukan pada baja tahan aus CREUSABRO 4800, yang termasuk
baja paduan rendah. Sampel yang digunakan ada lima buah dan parameter
penelitiannya adalah jumlah lapisan dan jenis buttering. Elektroda yang dipakai
ada tiga jenis, untuk buttering memakai MG DUR 3 dan AWS ER309L, serta MG
DUR 65 untuk lapisan hardfacing. Metoda pengelasan yang dipakai adalah
metoda pengelasan Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Pengujian yang
dilakukan meliputi pengujian visual dan radiografi, pengujian kekerasan mikro,
pengujian keausan, dan pengamatan metalografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa lapisan buttering yang lebih banyak dan penggunaan elektroda AWS
ER309L menghasilkan retak yang lebih sedikit, tetapi terjadi penurunan sifat
mekanis. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan lapisan
buttering hingga tiga lapis dan pemilihan elektroda yang lebih lunak akan
meningkatkan ketahanan retak hasil hardfacing. Namun, sebagai kompensasinya,
terjadi penurunan sifat mekanis lapisan hardfacing.

ABSTRACT
Hardfacing technology in principle is deposed a material with harder material, in
order to increase hardness, wear resistance and life time of the material. We find
a problem when we want to do hardfacing on material has been hard. The
hardfacing result of hard material always had fine cracks. Therefore, we
conducted this research to find the best of hardfacing processes for this material.
This research was conducted on a wear resistance steel CREUSABRO 4800,
which include on Low Alloy Steel. The samples used were five and research
parameter is the number of layers and types of buttering electrode. There are three
types of electrodes, MG-DUR 3 and AWS ER309L for buttering and MG-DUR
65 for hardfacing layer. The method used is Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(SMAW) process. Tests performed include visual and radiographic testing, micro
hardness testing, wear testing, and metallographic observations. The results
showed that more buttering layer and the use of electrode AWS ER309L produce
fewer cracks, but a decrease in mechanical properties. Thus, it can be concluded
that the addition of a layer of buttering up to three layers and selection of softer
electrodes improves crack susceptibility of hardfacing. However, as
compensation, a decrease in the mechanical properties of hardfacing layer."
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S42739
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Riene Kaelamanda Pragitta
"Korosi seragam dan pitting internal pada pipa sumur panas bumi umum terjadi karena fluida mengandung medium korosif garam dan CO2. Ketika terdapat gas CO2 yang terlarut dalam air, maka akan menyebabkan terjadinya korosi sweet. Garam cenderung terdisosiasi menjadi ion yang menyebabkan peningkatan konduktivitas listrik. Semakin tinggi konduktivitas, maka semakin tinggi kemampuan air garam untuk membawa arus listrik pada permukaan logam antara daerah anodik dan katodik, sehingga menghasilkan laju korosi yang lebih tinggi. Baja karbon AISI 4140 banyak digunakan sebagai material untuk pipa sumur panas bumi. Dalam penelitian ini, akan dilakukan analisis korosi baja karbon AISI 4140 di lingkungan dengan kadar garam tinggi yaitu 40950 mg/L NaCl + 5960 mg/L KCl + 2664 mg/L CaCl2. Pada tiap pengujian dilakukan dua variasi, yaitu dengan injeksi CO2 dan tanpa injeksi CO2. Berdasarkan hasil analis karakterisasi XRD, terdapat fasa Fe pada semua sampel dengan jenis larutan dengan dan tanpa injeksi CO2, namun pada sampel dengan larutan injeksi CO2 memiliki intensitas yang lebih kecil. Rendahnya intensitas fasa Fe mengindikasikan adanya deposit di permukaan sampel. Hasil analisis uji korosi menggunakan metode hilang berat menunjukan sampel yang dilakukan peredaman dalam larutan dengan injeksi CO2 menghasilkan penurunan massa yang lebih besar dibanding sampel yang diredam dalam larutan tanpa injeksi CO2. Hal ini didukung dengan laju korosi baja AISI 4140 pada larutan dengan injeksi CO2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa injeksi CO2 pada uji cyclic voltammetry. Tingginya laju korosi baja di lingkungan CO2 adalah akibat tingginya CO2 terlarut dalam air yang membentuk senyawa H2CO3 yang dapat menurunkan pH sehingga menjadikan larutan semakin korosif.

Uniform corrosion and internal pitting of geothermal well pipes are common because the fluid contains the corrosive medium of salt and CO2. When there is CO2 dissolved in water, it will cause sweet corrosion. Salts tend to dissociate into ions causing an increase in electrical conductivity. The higher the conductivity, the higher the ability of the salt water to carry an electric current on the metal surface between the anodic and cathodic regions, resulting in a higher corrosion rate. AISI 4140 carbon steel is widely used as a material for geothermal well pipes. In this research, the corrosion analysis of AISI 4140 carbon steel will be carried out in an environment with high salt content, namely 40950 mg/L NaCl + 5960 mg/L KCl + 2664 mg/L CaCl2. In each test, two variations were performed, namely with CO2 injection and without CO2 injection. Based on the results of the XRD characterization analysis, there was a Fe phase in all samples with the type of solution with and without CO2 injection, but the sample with CO2 injection solution had a smaller intensity. The low intensity of the Fe phase indicates the presence of deposits on the sample surface. The results of the analysis of the corrosion test using the weight loss method showed that samples soaked in solution with CO2 injection resulted in a greater reduction in mass than samples soaked in solution without CO2 injection. This is supported by the corrosion rate of AISI 4140 steel in a solution with CO2 injection which is higher than without CO2 injection in the cyclic voltammetry test. The high rate of corrosion of steel in the CO2 environment is due to the high dissolved CO2 in water which forms H2CO3 compounds which can lower the pH, making the solution more corrosive."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2022
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Terry Atmajaya
"ABSTRAK
Pada industri yang berhubungan dengan air laut dimana pada lingkungan
tersebut banyak mengandung ion Cl- sebagai pemicu terjadinya korosi sumuran.
Pemilihan material merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk membuat fasilitasfasilitas
struktural. Material Stainless Steel merupakan pilihan utama dalam
membuat fasilitas ini. Material Stainless Steel AISI 430 mempunyai sifat mekanis
dan ketahanan korosi yang cukup baik.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh canai hangat terhadap sifat
mekanis dan ketahanan korosi sumuran Stainless Steel AISI 430. Penelitian
dilakukan dengan proses canai hangat untuk melihat sifat mekanis Stainless Steel
430 dan metode immersed solution serta weight loss untuk menguji ketahanan
korosi sumurannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat menggambarkan sifat Stainless
Steel AISI 430 saat digunakan sebagai material dasar fasilitas-fasilitas yang
berada pada lingkungan yang kaya ion Cl-.
Stainless Steel AISI 430 ini memiliki temperatur transisi karena berstruktur
Body Center Cubic (BCC). Tetapi memilki ketahanan terhadap serangan ion Cl-
yang tinggi. Adanya temperatur transisi ini sangat membahayakan bagi fasilitas
struktural. Hasil dari penelitian ini merupakan tahap awal, sebagai bahan masukan
untuk melakukan upaya peningkatan sifat mekanis Stainless Steel AISI 430 dan
melihat pengaruh canai hangat terhadap ketahanan korosi sumuran Stainless Steel
AISI 430 ini.

ABSTRACT
In industries associated with the sea water in which the environment
contains a lot of Cl- ion, as a trigger of pitting corrosion, material selection is very
important to make structural facilities. Stainless Steel is the good choice to
making this facilities. Stainless Steel AISI 430 having good mechanical properties
and corrosion resistance
This study aims to see the effect of warm rolled on the mechanical
properties and pitting corrosion resistance of Stainless Steel AISI 430. Research
carried out by the warm-rolled to see mechanical properties of Stainless Steel
AISI 430 and immersed solution method and weight loss to test pitting corrosion
resitance. The results of this study can describe the properties of Stainless Steel
AISI 430 when used as basic material in facilities which contain a lot of Cl- ions.
The existence of this transition temperature is very dangerous for
structural facilities because it?s structure is Body Centered Cubic (BCC). But, this
material have good chloride-stress corrosion cracking resistance. The results of
this study is an early stage, as input to make efforts to improve the mechanical
properties of Stainless Steel AISI 430 and see the effect of warm rolled against
pitting corrosion resistance of Stainless Steel AISI 430.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S42411
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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