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"Latar BeJakang: Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) telah diterima secara umum sebagai alat jalan napas. Pada praktik klinis, insersi LMA pada percobaan pertama dengan waktu sesingkat mungkin merupakan kondisi yang diharapkan sehingga efek samping agen anestesi minimal tanpa menimbulkan komplikasi demi keselamatan pasien. Dosis kecil atrakurium sebelum induksi dipilih untuk operasi dengan durasi singkat, agar tidak menunda pemulihan akibat pelumpuh otot namun perlu diperhatikan efek samping gejala kelemahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian atrakurium sebelum induksi dosis 75 dan 150 rncglkgBB terhadap keberhasilan percobaan pertama dan waktu insersi sehingga dapat menjadi standar dosis atrakurium untuk insersi LMA. Metode: Penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar ganda ini mengelompokkan 150 pasien dewasa yang mendapat layanan anestesia di ruang operasi RSCM rnenjadi 2 kelompok. Setelah koinduksi midazolam dan fentanyl, pasien kelompok eksperimen diberikan atrakurium dosis 75 mcglkgBB, sedangkan kontrol 150 mcglkgBB. Setelah 1 menit, diamati gejala keJernahan, yaitu ptosis, diplopia, dan sesak napas sebelurn induksi propofol. Insersi LMA dilakukan setelah pasien tidak respon terhadap jaw thrust setelah 90 detik pemberian propofol. Diambil data keberhasilan percobaan pertama dan waktu insersi, selain itu dicatat nilai rasio TOF sebelurn insersi, respon hernodinamik, dan komplikasi pascainsersi. Hasil: Keberhasilan insersi pertama kedua kelornpok tidak berbeda signifikan, yaitu 90,7% pada kelompok eksperimen dibandingkan 93,3% kontrol (p=0,547). Begitu pula waktu insersi 36,05±16,98 detik dan 33,75±13,55 detik untuk dosis 75 dan 150 mcglkgBB berurutan (p=0,359). Kornplikasi insersi pada kelompok ekspersimen 90,7% dan 93,3% kelompok kontrol. Gejala kelemahan ditemukan harnpir 2 kali lipat di kelompok kontrol dengan nilai rasio TOF yang juga lebih rendah. Respon hemodinamik setelah insersi LMA mirip di kedua kelompok. Simpulan: Penggunaan atrakurium dosis 75 mcglkgBB sama baiknya dibandingkan 150 mcglkgBB dalam memudahkan insersi LMA.

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Background: In clinical practice, success on first attempt of LMA insertion with the shortest times is aimed to achieve minimal adverse eventfrom. Small dose of atracurium given beJore induction is chosen Jor brieJ duration procedure therefore has minimal or no effect to recovery from neuromuscular blocking agent, but the consequences of partial paralysis before induction should be a concern. This study aims to compare the success onfirst attempt and insertion time oJLMA between 75 and 150 mcglkgBWatracurium, given beJore propofol induction in search for standard dose of atracurium to ease LMA insertion. Methotl: This double-blind randomized clinical trial divided 150 adult patients who received anesthesia procedllre in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital operating theatres into two groups. After coinduction with midazolam and Jentanyl, patients in the study group received 75 mcglkgBWalracurium, meanwhilefor the control group was 150 mcglkgB W After 1 minute all the samples were evaluated for paralysis symptoms of ptosis, diplopia and shortness oj breath before propofol induction. LMA insertion then attempted after no response to jaw thrust manuever evaluated after 90 seconds from propoJol injection. Success on first attempt and time of insertion were the main outcomes evaluated, beside TOF ratio, hemodynamic responses and complications. Result: Success on first attempt rate was not significally worse, which was 90.7% for experiment group compare to 93.3% in .control (p=0,547). Insertion time was 36.05±I6,98 and 33,75±i3,55 second Jor respective group (p=0.359). Postinsertion complication in experiment group were higher but the paralysis symptoms were lower. Conclusion: Low dose oJ 75 mcglkgBW atracurium is equal compared to 150 mcglkgBW 10 ease LMA insertion."

"Pendahuluan : Percobaan insersi LMA yang berulang atau memanjang berkaitan dengan berbagai komplikasi. Masalah utama yang menjadi penyebab kegagalan insersi ialah ujung LMA yang dapat tertekuk ke arah kranial selama insersi. Diperlukan metode insersi LMA lainnya untuk meningkatkan angka keberhasilan insersi LMA.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah uji klinis acak yang melibatkan 92 pasien berusia 18- 60 tahun yang dilakukan anestesia umum dengan LMA UniqueÒ. Pada metode manipulasi digiti intraoral, jari telunjuk tangan non dominan dimasukkan ke dalam mulut, melewati sisi ipsilateral dan berada di belakang cuff. Pada saat ujung cuff mendekati palatum, dilakukan fleksi jari telunjuk, kemudian tangan dominan mendorong LMA. Kelompok kontrol dilakukan insersi LMA dengan metode standar (tanpa manipulasi digiti intraoral).Hasil: Insersi LMA dengan metode manipulasi digiti intraoral memiliki keberhasilan pada percobaan pertama yang lebih tinggi (100% dibandingkan 84,6%, p=0,012), waktu insersi yang lebih singkat (21,38 detik dibandingkan 32,42 detik, p<0,001), dan jumlah percobaan yang lebih sedikit (p=0,012). Pada kelompok perlakuan, didapatkan 10,9% nyeri tenggorokan dan 13,0% bercak darah setelah eksersi LMA. Terlipatnya ujung LMA dapat dicegah dengan menggunakan bantuan jari yang menahan mask tip agar tidak terlipat.Simpulan: Metode manipulasi digiti intraoral untuk insersi LMA UniqueÒ memiliki keberhasilan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode standar.

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Introduction: Prolonged and multiple attempts at LMA insertion are associated with various complications. Primary issue leading to insertion failure is potential folding of the LMA tip towards the cranial direction. Another LMA insertion method is needed to improve the success rate of LMA insertion.

Methods: This research is a randomized clinical trial involving 92 patients aged 18-60 undergoing general anesthesia with the LMA UniqueÒ. In intraoral digit manipulation method, non-dominant index finger is inserted into the mouth, passing by the ipsilateral side and slightly behind the cuff. When the cuff tip approaches the palate, the index finger is flexed, and then the dominant hand pushes the LMA. The control group undergoes LMA insertion using standard method.

Results: LMA insertion with intraoral digit manipulation method has a higher success rate in first attempt (100% compared to 84.6%, p=0.012), shorter insertion time (21.38 seconds compared to 32.42 seconds, p<0.001), and fewer insertion attempts compared to the standard method (p=0.012). In treatment group, the incidence of sore throat and blood stain were 10.9% and 13.0%. The incidence of blood stain after LMA removal was 13.0%. The folding of the LMA tip can be prevented by using finger support to hold mask tip in place and prevent it from folding.

Conclusion: The intraoral digit manipulation method for LMA UniqueÒ insertion has a higher success rate compared to the standard method."

"[Tujuan. Tujuan pertama yaitu mengetahui kemudahan pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway(LMA) dengan teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah. Tujuan kedua yaitu mengetahui perbandingan kemudahan pemasangan LMA antara teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan teknik baku. Latar Belakang. Laryngeal Mask Airway merupakan alat bantu jalan nafas untuk mengatasi kesulitan jalan nafas. Teknik terbaru pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway berdasarkan penelitian Roodneshin dkk yang dipublikasikan pada Tanaffos 2011 yaitu teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah memberikan angkakeberhasilan pemasangan 100%(tingkat keberhasilan paling tinggi pada penelitian LMA). Pemasangan LMA diharapkan mulus dan berhasil dalam pemasangan pertama tanpa menimbulkan trauma tetapi dalam prakteknya, pemasangan LMA bisa lebih dari satu kali. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUPN-Cipto Mangunkusumo sebagai penelitian perbandingan pertama dari penelitianRoodneshin dkk dengan beberapa penyesuaian. Metode. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 80 pasien dewasa yang menjalani operasielektif dengan anestesia umum menggunakan Laryngeal Mask Airway. Secara random, 40 pasien mengalami pemasangan LMA dengan teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan 40 pasien mengalami pemasangan LMA dengan teknik baku. Upaya pemasangan dan kemudahan pemasangan LMA dicatat dan dinilai. Pemasangan mudah bila kurang atau sama dengan 2 kali pemasangan LMA. Komplikasi pemasangan LMA berupa noda darah, nyeri menelan dan nyeri tenggorokan dicatat dan dinilai. Analisa statistik dilakukan dengan uji Chi-square dan Fisher Exact. Batas kemaknaan yang digunakan untuk semua uji adalah p<0,05. Hasil. Perbandingan proporsi keberhasilan upaya pemasangan pertama kali antara kelompok teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan teknik baku adalah 87,5% dibandingkan 65%. Perbandingan proporsi keberhasilan upaya pemasangan maksimal dua kali antara kelompok teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan teknik baku adalah 100% dibandingkan 97,5%. Secara statistik, perbandingan upaya pemasangan, kemudahan, komplikasi nyeri menelan, komplikasi nyeri tenggorokan antara teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan teknik baku, tidak berbeda bermakna.Kesimpulan. Pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway dengan teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah tidak lebih mudah dibandingkan teknik baku(100% dibandingkan 97,5%). Kekerapan komplikasi yang berbeda bermakna berupa noda darah (0% pada teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dibandingkan 6,2% pada teknik baku).

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Purpose, The objective of this study is to know easiness of inserting Laryngeal Mask Airway(LMA) with the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique. Secondly, the study is to compare the success rate between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique. Background, Laryngeal Mask Airway is a device to overcome the difficulty of the airway management. Novel technique of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion based on Roodneshin et aI research, publicised in Tanaffos 2011 was the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique resulted in 100% succes rate of insertion(highest success rate based on LMA research or study). LMA insertion is expected to be smooth and successful in the first attempt without inflicting trauma but in daily practice, insertion LMA can be more than once. This research is done at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hosptal, as the first comparison of research Roodneshin et al with some adjustments. Methods, The study was done at 80 adult patients who underwent elective surgery with general anesthesia. A total of 80 adult patients was scheduled for elective operation with general anesthesia using Laryngeal Mask Airway. In random, 40

patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and 40 patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached technique. The effort and success rate of LMA insertion was noted and evaluated. The easiness is if the insertion is attempted maximally twice. Complications of LMA insertion such as blood stains, sore throat, dysphagia was noted and evaluated. Statistical analysis conducted by test Chi-square and Fischer Exact. P<0,05 was considered significant. Result, Comparison proportion first attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 87,5% compared with 65%. The proportion maximally twice attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 100% compared with 97,5%. Statistically, comparison attempt, success rate, dysphagia, sore throat between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique, not significantly different Conclusion, Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique no more easy compared with classic

approached technique(100% compared with 97,5%). Complication which statistically significant different was blood stains(0% with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique compared with 6,2% classic approached technique).

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Purpose, The objective of this study is to know easiness of inserting Laryngeal Mask Airway(LMA) with the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique. Secondly, the study is to compare the success rate between classic

approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique. Background, Laryngeal Mask Airway is a device to overcome the difficulty of the airway management. Novel technique of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion based on Roodneshin et aI research, publicised in Tanaffos 2011 was the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique resulted in 100% succes rate of insertion(highest success rate based on LMA research or study). LMA insertion is expected to be smooth and successful in the first attempt without inflicting trauma but in daily practice, insertion LMA can be more than once. This research is done at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hosptal, as the first comparison of research Roodneshin et al with some adjustments. Methods, The study was done at 80 adult patients who underwent elective surgery with general anesthesia. A total of 80 adult patients was scheduled for elective operation with general anesthesia using Laryngeal Mask Airway. In random, 40

patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and 40 patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached technique. The effort and success rate of LMA insertion was noted and evaluated. The easiness is if the insertion is attempted maximally twice. Complications of LMA insertion such as blood stains, sore throat, dysphagia was noted and evaluated. Statistical analysis conducted by test Chi-square and Fischer Exact. P<0,05 was considered significant. Result, Comparison proportion first attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion

between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 87,5% compared with 65%. The proportion maximally twice attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 100% compared with 97,5%. Statistically, comparison attempt,

success rate, dysphagia, sore throat between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique, not significantly different Conclusion, Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique no more easy compared with classic

approached technique(100% compared with 97,5%). Complication which statistically significant different was blood stains(0% with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique compared with 6,2% classic approached technique)., Purpose, The objective of this study is to know easiness of inserting Laryngeal

Mask Airway(LMA) with the classic approached combined with tongue supression

technique. Secondly, the study is to compare the success rate between classic

approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached

technique.

Background, Laryngeal Mask Airway is a device to overcome the difficulty of the

airway management. Novel technique of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion based

on Roodneshin et aI research, publicised in Tanaffos 2011 was the classic

approached combined with tongue supression technique resulted in 100% succes

rate of insertion(highest success rate based on LMA research or study). LMA

insertion is expected to be smooth and successful in the first attempt without

inflicting trauma but in daily practice, insertion LMA can be more than once. This

research is done at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hosptal, as the first comparison of

research Roodneshin et al with some adjustments.

Methods, The study was done at 80 adult patients who underwent elective surgery

with general anesthesia. A total of 80 adult patients was scheduled for elective

operation with general anesthesia using Laryngeal Mask Airway. In random, 40

patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached combined with

tongue supression technique and 40 patients undergoing LMA insertion with

classic approached technique. The effort and success rate of LMA insertion was

noted and evaluated. The easiness is if the insertion is attempted maximally twice.

Complications of LMA insertion such as blood stains, sore throat, dysphagia was

noted and evaluated. Statistical analysis conducted by test Chi-square and

Fischer Exact. P<0,05 was considered significant.

Result, Comparison proportion first attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion

between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and

classic approached technique was 87,5% compared with 65%. The proportion

maximally twice attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic

approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached

technique was 100% compared with 97,5%. Statistically, comparison attempt,

success rate, dysphagia, sore throat between classic approached combined with

tongue supression technique and classic approached technique, not significantly

different Conclusion, Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion with classic approached combined

with tongue supression technique no more easy compared with classic

approached technique(100% compared with 97,5%). Complication which

statistically significant different was blood stains(0% with classic approached

combined with tongue supression technique compared with 6,2% classic

approached technique).]"

"[ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang. Manajemen jalan nafas merupakan salah satu tahap yang paling penting dalam bidang anestesiologi. Salah satu jenis Alat bantu jalan nafas yang telah dipergunakan secara luas adalah Laringeal Mask Airway (LMA/Sungkup Laring). Pada pemasangan sungkup laring tanpa menggunakan pelumpuh otot membutuhkan kedalaman anestesi yang cukup, Tes klinis yang mudah, akurat dan aplikatif diperlukan untuk menghindari terjadinya komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan trapezius squeezing test dan jaw thrust sebagai indikator kedalaman anestesi pada pemasangan sungkup laring dengan propofol sebagai agen induksi

Metode. Sebanyak 128 pasien di randomisasi ke dalam 2 kelompok yaitu jaw thrust dan trapezius squeezing test. Seluruh pasien mendapatkan premedikasi dengan midazolam 0.05 mg/kgBB dan Fentanyl 1 mcg/kgBB. Induksi menggunakan propofol titrasi. Manuver jaw thrust dan trapezius squeezing test dilakukan setiap 15 detik. Saat respon motorik hilang dilakukan pemasangan sungkup laring. Dicatat keberhasilan pemasangan, dosis propofol, tekanan darah, laju jantung, dan insiden apneu.

Hasil. Keberhasilan pada kelompok jaw thrust 93.8%, sedangkan trapezius squeezing test yang 90.6%. Penggunaan rerata propofol pada kelompok jaw thrust yaitu sebesar 120.34 mg, sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test yaitu sebesar 111,86 mg. Insiden apneu yang pada kelompok jaw thrust terjadi pada 10 (15.6%) pasien, sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test sebesar 11 (17.2%) pasien. Tidak terdapat perubahan hemodinamik yang berarti pada kelompok jaw thrust sedangkan sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test terdapat perubahan hemodinamik yang berarti di menit ke 3 dan ke 4

Kesimpulan. Trapezius squeezing test tidak lebih baik daripada jaw thrust sebagai indikator klinis dalam menilai kedalaman anestesia pada insersi sungkup laring.

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ABSTRACT

Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.

Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.

Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.

Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion.;Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.

Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.

Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.

Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion., Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.

Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.

Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.

Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion.]"

"Latar belakang : Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk waktu optimal pemberian fentanil 2 .tg/kg BB dengan tujuan menekan respon kardiovaskuler akibat laringoskopi dan intubasi dengan membandingkan waktu pemberian fentanil 5 dan 7 menit sebelum dilakukan tindakan laringoskopi dan intubasi.Metode:Tiga puluh enam pasien ASA 1 dan ASA 2 dibagi dalam dua kelompok secara acak masing-masing tediri dari delapan belas pasien. Kelompok pertama diberikan fentanil dosis 2 µglkg BB waktu 5 menit sebelum laringoskopi dan intubasi, sedangkan kelompok kedua diberikan dosis yang sama dengan waktu 7 menit sebelum laringoskopi dan intubasi , data tekanan darah sistolik , diastolik, tekanan arteri rata-rata dan laju jantung dari kedua kelompok dibandingkan sampai 5 menit setelah intubasi.Hasil : Secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok yang dibandingkan (p>0.05) dalam hal tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik, tekanan arteri rata-rata dan laju jantung akibat laringoskopi dan intubasi.Kesimpulan : Waktu optimal untuk injeksi fentanil 21tg kg BB-' untuk dapat menekan respon hemodinamik akibat laringoskopi dan intubasi adalah 5 dan 7 menit sebelum tindakan tersebut dilakukan.

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Background :This study was designed to examine the optimal time of injection of 2 gg/kg fentanyl to Attenuate circulatory responses due to laringoscopy and tracheal intubation that compared between 5 minute and 7 minute before laringoscopy and tacheal intubation.

Method : Thirty six patients ASA 1 and ASA 2 were randomly in two groups which each group eighteen patients. The patients in group 1 received fentanyl 2 pg/kg 5 minute and group 2 received the same dose 7 minute before laringoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Result : The result of this study were no statistical significant values both of groups in systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure and heart rate due to laringoscopy and intubation

Conclusion : The effective time to administer fentanyl 2pg kg _I to protect circulatory response to laringoscopy and tracheal intubation are 5 minute and 7 minute before intubation."

"Latar belakang. Ukuran sungkup laring yang tidak sesuai menyebabkan ventilasi yang tidak efektif dan komplikasi seperti peradangan sampai kerusakan pada saraf sehingga diperlukan metode untuk menentukan ukuran yang sesuai.Metode. Penelitian merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal dengan concealment dan 130 subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (berat badan dan lebar lidah). Lebar lidah dinilai dengan subjek menjulurkan lidah namun tidak ditegangkan lalu lebar lidah disesuaikan dengan penggaris papan segi empat yang dibuat sesuai dengan ukuran sungkup laring dengan inflasi minimal no. 2,5 sampai 5. Keefektifan pemasangan sungkup laring dinilai bila semua kriteria terpenuhi yaitu: 1) tekanan kebocoran orofaringeal/seal pressure ≥20 cmH₂O, 2) tekanan maksimal inspirasi (Ppeak_insp) ≤20 cmH₂O, 3) tidak terlihat sebagian kaf dalam rongga oral dan 4) perbedaan tidal volume inspirasi dan ekspirasi <5%  tercapai.Hasil. Secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara dua kelompok untuk masing-masing komponen penilaian keefektifan pemasangan sungkup laring kecuali untuk variabel OLP (p <0,05). Terdapat lebih banyak komplikasi berupa noda darah dan nyeri tenggorok pada kelompok BB dibanding kelompok LL dengan tingkat keberhasilan dan waktu lebih cepat pada pemasangan sungkup laring di kelompok BB dibandingkan kelompok LL.Simpulan. Penentuan ukuran sungkup laring pada ras Melayu menggunakan metode lebar lidah tidak lebih efektif dengan metode berat badan namun kejadian komplikasi lebih rendah.

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Background. Unsuitable laryngeal mask size selection causes ineffective ventilation and complications such as inflammation until neuropraxia, thus method to determine optimal size selection is needed.Methods. This was a randomized single blinded clinical study with concealment and 130 subjects were divided into 2 groups (body weight and tongue width). Subjects were asked to open their mouth and protrude the tongue in the relaxed manner and corresponded to rulers that were made from the width of laryngeal mask minimally inflated from size 2,5 to 5. The effectiveness of laryngeal mask insertion if all of the four criteria were met ie.1) oropharyngeal leak pressure/seal pressure ≥20 cmH₂O, 2) peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak_insp) ≤20 cmH₂O, 3) no presence of cuff in the mouth and 4) difference between inspiratory (VTi) and expiratory tidal volume (VTe) <5%.Results. All parameters were not statistically significant except the OLP (P <0,05). Meanwhile, subjects in BB group manifest more complications in the laryngeal mask than the LL group with faster speed and higher chance of <2x successful insertion than the LL group.Conclusion. Laryngeal mask insertion among Malay race using size selected based on tongue width was not more effective than based on body weight."

"Latar Belakang: Seorang dokter umum diharapkan mampu melakukan tindakan medis pada kedaruratan. Pada kondisi seperti resusitasi jantung paru, manajemen jalan nafas merupakan salah satu prioritas. Intubasi memiliki angka kegagalan tinggi bila dilakukan oleh bukan dokter anestesiologi. Sungkup laring (SL) sebagai alternatif manajemen jalan nafas memiliki tingkat keberhasilan yang tinggi. Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI), mahasiswa diharapkan mampu melakukan pemasangan SL pada pasien. Untuk mencapainya, Departemen Anestesiologi dan Intensive Care FKUI melakukan pengajaran rutin. Metode pengajaran yang direkomendasikan untuk pengajaran prosedur medis seperti pemasangan SL adalah metode empat langkah pengajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan hasil pengajaran pemasangan SL oleh mahasiswa kedokteran yang mendapat metode empat langkah pengajaran dengan pengajaran rutin pada pasien dewasa yang menjalani anestesia umum di RSCM. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah uji klinik Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), dilakukan secara terbuka (tidak tersamar). Subyek dilakukan randomisasi untuk menentukan metode pengajaran pemasangan SL pada manikin yang akan diterima. Setelah menerima pengajaran, subyek melakukan pemasangan SL pada pasien dewasa yang menjalani anestesia umum. Keberhasilan pengajaran dinilai dari pengembangan dada pasien ketika dilakukan ventilasi, jumlah upaya pemasangan, serta nilai seal pressure. Hasil: Sebanyak 46 subyek di awal penelitian, 3 orang masuk kepada kriteria pengeluaran. 43 subyek penelitian yang melakukan pemasangan SL pada pasien kemudian dianalisis. Pengembangan dada pasien ketika diventilasi didapatkan pada semua pasien di kedua kelompok. Kelompok metode empat langkah pengajaran membutuhkan jumlah upaya yang lebih sedikit, dan menghasilkan seal pressure yang lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok yang mendapatkan pengajaran rutin. Kesimpulan: Hasil pengajaran pemasangan SL oleh mahasiswa kedokteran yang mendapat metode empat langkah pengajaran lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pengajaran rutin.

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Background: A general physician is expected to perform medical procedures in emergency situations. in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, airway management is one of the priorities. Intubation has high failure rate when performed by non-anesthesiologist. Laryngeal mask (LM) as an alternative airway management has high success rate. In Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI), students are expected to perform the insertion of LM to patients. To achieve it, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care FMUI perform regular teaching method. Teaching method that is recommended for teaching medical procedures such as the insertion of LM is a four stage teaching method. This study aims to compare the results of teaching LM insertion by medical students who get a four stage teaching method with regular teaching in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia in RSCM.

Study design: 46 subjects were included in the inclusion criteria for randomization to determine the insertion of LM teaching methods that will be accepted on a mannequin. After this course, every subject inserts LM in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia. The success of the teaching is assessed by the rising of patient's chest when ventilated, a number of attempts, and seal pressure.

Results: By 46 subjects in the initial study, 3 subjects have to exclude from this study. Then, the rest subjects inserting LM on patients are analyzed. The results of the study in both groups obtain 100% the rising of patient's chest when ventilated. Four stage teaching method's group requires less number of attempts than another and the shows higher in seal pressure than receiving regular teaching's group.

Conclusion: The result of the teaching LM insertion by medical students who get the four stage teaching method is better than the regular teaching method."

"Tujuan: Mengetahui pengurangan dosis induksi propofol pada kelompok yang diberikan koinduksi ketamin 0,3 mg/kgBB dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang diberikan koinduksi midazolam 0,03 mg/kgBB.Metode: Uji Klinik Tersamar Ganda. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Bedah Pusat RSCM pada hulan November sampai dengan Desember 2006, dengan jumlah sampel 46 pasien dewasa yang menjalani operasi berencana dan anestesia umum. Pasien dibagi secara acak ke dalam 2 kelompok; 23 pasien mendapatkan koinduksi ketamin 0,3 mg/kgBB dan 23 pasien Iainnya mendapatkan midazolam 0,03 mg/kgBB 2 menit sebelum induksi propofol. Induksi propofol dilakukan secara titrasi 30 mg/i0 detik. Dilakukan pencatatan dosis induksi propofol pada end point hilangnya respon verbal dan hilangnya respon terhadap jaw thrust serta respon hemodinamik 1 menit setelah induksi. Analisa statistik untuk melihat perbedaan rerata antara kedua periakuan menggunakan uji-t, sedangkan perbedaan pada dua kelompok data kategori diuji dengan uji chi-square dengan nilai signilikansi p<0,05 dengan interval kepercayaan 93%.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kedua kelompok perlakuan dalarn hal pengurangan dosis induksi propofol dan penurunan tekanan darah 1 manic setelah induksi propofol. Dosis induksi propofol pada kelompok ketamin 0,3 mg/kgBB lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan midazolam 0,03 mg/kgBB. Ketamin 0,3 mg/kgBB lebih sedikit dalam efek penurunan tekanan darah akibat induksi propofol dibandingkan dengan midazolam 0,03 mg/kgBB.

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Objective:

To observe the reduction of propofol induction dose in ketamin co induction 0,3 Mg/Kg BB compare with midazolam coinduction 0,03 mg/kgBB

Methods:

Double blinded randomized clinical trial. The study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusuma Hospital Central-Surgery Room from November until December 2006 to 46 adult patients who went to elective surgery and general anesthesia Patients were divided randomly into two groups: The group consist of twenty-three patients give co induction ketamin 0,3 mg/kgBW The other twenty-three patients was given with 0,03 mg/kgBW of midazolam coinduction two minutes before the induction propofol. The records doses propofol induction using loss of response to verbal commands and loss. of response to jaw thrust stimulation as end point of induction. This study also observed the homodynamic response one minute after induction. T-test method was performed to identfy the mean difference between the two groups, while Chi Square method was performed to identify the frequency difference (categorical data) between the two groups. A 'p' value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant: with 95% confidence interval.

Conclusion:

There were .significant statistical differences between the two groups in a matter of reducing propofol induction doses and hemodynamic effects one minute after propofol induction. Propofol induction dose was less at ketamine group. Hemodynamic elects one minute after propofol induction, Ketamine 0,3 mg/kgBW was less in reducing blood pressure compared with midazolam 0,03 mg/kgBW."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui tingkat kedalaman anestesi 30 detik setelah pemberianpropofol dosis 2,5 mg/kg berat badan dengan 3,5 mg/kg berat badan.Disain : Prospektif, data dikumpulkan pada satu pusat penelitian dengan uji klinisacak tersamar ganda.yang akan menjalani bedah terencana dengan anesthesia umum fisertakan dalampenelitian ini. Pasien diberikan premedikasi midazolam dan fentanil 5 menit sebeluminduksi. Kemudian pasien diinduksi dengan propofol dosis 2,5 mg/kg berat badan dan 3,5mg/kg berat badan. Tekanan darah, nadi dan saturasi diukur 1 ( satu ) menit sebelum dansesudah induksi. Setelah 30 detik dinilai hilangnya refleks bulu mata dan respon terhadapsungkup muka.Pada keiompok I 24 pasien tidak memberikan respon terhadap sungkup muka, sedangkankelompok II berjumlah 26 pasien. Hasil ini menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna( P > 0,05 )Kesimpulan : Pemberian propofol dosis induksi 2,5 mg / kg berat badan memberikan tingkat kedalaman anestesi yang sama dengan dosis 3,5 mg/kg berat badan."