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"Di sektor Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil umumnya peneliti memandang Penambang Rakyat dan aktifitasnya negative, menimbulkan permasalahan utama yaitu dari penggunaan Merkuri pada pengolahan material metode TM, tiadanya pemasukan bagi negara, pungutan liar dan kerentanan aspek K3. Selama ini terjadi pembiaran/ignorance oleh Pemerintah dan opsi penegakan hukum menghentikan aktifitas penambangan. Padahal fenonema umumnya, setelah penutupan, masyarakat kembali melanjutkan aktifitas penambangan, dan permasalahan kembali berlanjut, membentuk sebuah siklus. Kondisi ini terus terjadi selama beberapa dekade, dan menyebar luas di berbagai daerah, Bagaimana sesungguhnya kondisi sector ini? Layakkah sector ini didukung? Bagaimana opsi penanganan masalahnya? Penelitian bertujuan memetakan kondisi riil sektor ini, mensimulasi scenario pengolahan material tanpa Merkuri, dan merumuskan model ideal pertambangan berkelanjutan menurut Sustainable Mining Practices/SMP. Disusunlah model dasar dan matematis kondisi riil sektor, disimulasi skenario penggunakan teknologi pengolahan material tanpa Merkuri/DB dan status legal/illegal sebagai perbandingan. Dilakukan analisis perhitungan kelayakan ekonomi usaha dan profesi. Disusun kriteria dan indikator dasar penilaian keberlanjutan sektor pertambangan skala kecil, dan analisis kelayakan lain. Kemudian dirumuskan opsi terbaik penanganan masalahnya. Sektor pertambangan emas rakyat di Indonesia, digambarkan di lokasi penelitian: membentuk siklus Lingkaran Setan. Legalisasi dan penggunaan teknologi pengolahan Non Merkuri berperan kunci dalam solusi, dan lokasi penelitian dinyatakan layak untuk didukung.....In the small-scale gold mining sector, researchers generally view Community Miners and their activities negatively, causing major problems, namely from the use of Mercury in the TM method of material processing, no income for the state, illegal levies and the vulnerability of K3 aspects. So far, ignorance has occurred by the Government and options for law enforcement to stop mining activities. Whereas the general phenonema, after closure, the community resumed mining activities, and the problems continued again, forming a cycle. This condition has continued for decades, and is widespread in various regions. How is the real condition of this sector? Is this sector worth supported? What are the options for dealing with the problem? The research aims to map the real conditions of this sector, simulate a material processing scenario without Mercury, and formulate an ideal model for sustainable mining according to Sustainable Mining Practices / SMP. A basic model and a mathematical model of the real conditions of the sector were compiled, a scenario of using material processing technology without Mercury / DB and legal / illegal status was compiled as a comparison. An analysis of the calculation of the economic feasibility of business and profession is carried out. Formulated basic criteria and indicators for the assessment of the sustainability of the small-scale mining sector and other feasibility analyzes. Then the best option for handling the problem is formulated. The smallholder gold mining sector in Indonesia, is depicted in the study location: forming a vicious circle. Legalization and use of Non-Mercury processing technology plays a key role in the solution, and research sites are deemed worthy of support."

"Indonesia terletak pada pertemuan tiga lempeng yang menyebabkan munculnya jajaran busur magmatik. Pada jajaran busur magmatik terjadi pengendapan mineral emas. Endapan emas yang berada di Indonesia didominasi dengan endapan epithermal sulfidasi rendah. Untuk menemukan cadangan dan potensi endapan mineralisasi emas dibutuhkan analisis untuk mengetahui lokasi dan bentuk geometri dari zona endapan mineralisasi emas. Metode geofisika merupakan metode yang dapat menganalisisi zona endapan mineralisasi emas. Metode geofisika yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode resistivity dan induced polarization dengan konfigurasi dipole-dipole. Metode resistivity digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis batuan yang berada diwilayah penelitian. Sedangkan metode induced polarization digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi dan volume zona pengendapan mineralisasi emas. Jumlah lintasan yang digunakan sebanyak 3 lintasan dengan masing masing lintasan memiliki panjang 405 m dengan 81 elektoda. Hasil data pengukuran metode resistivity dan induced polarization diinversi menggunakan software res2dinv dan dilakukan least square inversion untuk memperoleh penampang 2D. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukan variasi resistivity berkisar 4,5419-2787,6 Ωm dan induced polarization berkisar 36,720-833,92 msec. Berdasarkan korelasi penampang 2D dan peta geologi ditemukan bahwa sebaran jenis batuan wilayah penelitian adalah breksi tuff dengan kisaran nilai resistivity 70,557-1313,7Ωm dan andesit dengan kisaran nilai 595,8-1313,7 Ωm. Zona mineralisasi emas dengan nilai induced polarization ≥200 msec. Berdasarkan korelasi penampang 2D resistivity dan induced polarization ditemukan bahwa pengendapan mineralisasi emas berada pada breksi tuff dan andesit. Dari penampang 2D dilakukan pemodelan 3D untuk mengetahui estimasi volume zona mineralisasi emas software. Ditemukan hasil volume zona mineralisasi emas sebesar 289.452,6103 .

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Indonesia is situated at the confluence of three tectonic plates, which gives rise to the emergence of a magmatic arc range. In the magmatic arc sequence, gold mineral deposition occurs. Gold deposits in Indonesia are dominated by low sulphidation epithermal deposits. In order to identify reserves and potential gold mineralization deposits, it is necessary to conduct an analysis to determine the location and geometry of the gold mineralization deposit zone. Geophysical methods are a type of analysis that can be used to analyse gold mineralization deposit zones. The geophysical methods employed in this research include resistivity and induced polarization methods with a dipole-dipole configuration. The resistivity method is utilized to identify the type of rock present in the research area, while the induced polarization method is employed to ascertain the location and volume of gold mineralization deposition zones. The number of tracks utilized was three, with each track measuring 405 m and comprising 81 electrodes. The measurement data obtained from the resistivity and induced polarization methods were inverted using the res2dinv software, and least square inversion was performed to obtain two-dimensional cross sections. The results of data processing indicate that the resistivity variation ranges from 4.5419 to 2787.6 Ωm, while the induced polarization ranges from 36.720 to 833.92 msec. Correlation of the 2D cross sections with geological maps revealed that the rock types present in the study area are tuff breccia and andesite, with resistivity values ranging from 70.557 to 1313.7 Ωm. Gold mineralization zones with induced polarization values ≥200 msec. Based on the correlation of 2D resistivity and induced polarization cross sections, it was determined that gold mineralization deposition occurred in tuff breccia and andesite. From the 2D cross section, 3D modelling was conducted to estimate the volume of the gold mineralization zone. The volume of the gold mineralization zone was determined to be 289,452.6103 m3."

"ABSTRAKPengolahan emas dengan cara amalgamasi menghasilkan limbah merkuri. Pengelolaan limbah merkuri yang tidak baik dapat mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur konsentrasi merkuri pada limbah padat dan cair (tailing) dalam bak penampung limbah; dan menganalisis pengelolaan limbah/tailing yang mengandung merkuri pada pertambangan emas rakyat. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dan spasial. Sampel yang diambil adalah penambang emas rakyat sebagai responden, sampel limbah cair dan padat, dan sampel lingkungan (air, tanah, talas, dan bayam). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan limbah merkuri di Desa Cisungsang sebesar 78,31% responden, tidak sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah. Berdasarkan hasil uji limbah pada bak penampung, terdapat konsentrasi merkuri limbah cair 0,083-0,265 ppm; dan konsentrasi merkuri limbah padat 0,304- 0,407 ppm. Potensi sebaran merkuri di Cisungsang mencapai 42,2 Ha, dengan mempertimbangkan sebaran gelundung; kemiringan lereng mencapai 35°; curah hujan yang tinggi yakni 4000 mm/tahun; dan kondisi bak penampung limbah yang terbuka, namun tidak mempertimbangkan aspek geohidrologi. Hasil uji pada sampel lingkungan menunjukkan konsentrasi merkuri rata-rata pada air sebesar 0,00036 ppm, tanah 0,00378 ppm, bayam 2,31 ppm, dan talas 25x10-8 ppm.

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ABSTRACTThe amalgamation process in gold processing will produce mercury waste. Poor waste management of mercury can pollute the environment. The objectives of research is to measure concentration of mercury in liquid and solid waste in the pond; and to analyze the management of waste/tailing containing mercury on artisanal gold mining. The methods used are survey and spatial analysis. Samples taken are the gold miners as responden, samples of liquid and solid waste, and samples from the environment (water, soil, spinach, and taro). The research results showed that management of mercury waste in Cisungsang are 78% from responden, didn?t suitable with the government regulation. Based on the results of the waste in ponds, concentration of mercury in liquids waste are 0.083-0.265 ppm and the concentration of mercury in solids waste are 0.304-0.407 ppm. The potential distribution of mercury in Cisungsang reached 42,2 Ha, with consider of distribution ball mil; the slopes reached 35°; the precipitation reached 4000 mm/year; and the open condition of the waste pond, but it isn?t considered of geohydrology aspect. Test result on environmental samples showed the average concentration of mercury in water are 0,00036 ppm, soils are 0,00378 ppm, spinach is 2,31 ppm, and taro is 25x10-8 ppm."

"Aktivitas praktik pertambangan emas tanpa izin (PETI) masih terus terjadi di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia. Aktivitas praktik PETI tersebut telah menyebabkan kerusakan/pencemaran lingkungan, menurunkan pendapatan/ ekonomi masyarakat sekitar, dan perubahan sosial kemasyarakatan. Aktivitas praktik PETI tersebut juga terjadi di wilayah Gunung Botak dan sekitarnya, Kabupaten Buru, Provinsi Maluku. Langkah konkrit negara sebagai pemegang kuasa pengelolaan sumber daya alam sangat dibutuhkan. Polri sebagai representasi negara yang memiliki kewenangan utama/pokok penertiban aktivitas praktik tersebut, perlu memastikan perannya baik secara formal maupun nonformal untuk mencapai situasi absennya inklusivitas aktivitas PETI guna mendorong terwujudnya pertambangan rakyat berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk tercapainya agenda pembangunan berkelanjutan dalam praktik pertambangan rakyat berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan melalui pendekatan kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif melalui uji SEM dan kualitatif berdasarkan hasil uji SEM, obeservasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam, FGD, dan hasil review studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan peran pokok Polri, yakni Harkamtibmas, Gakkum, dan Linyomyan dalam penertiban PETI di Gunung Botak berpengaruh terhadap pencapaian absennya aktivitas PETI. Pencapaian aspek-aspek tersebut semakin besar dengan kehadiran peran non-formal Polri, yakni peran pengaruh. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peran Polri (formal) dan peran pengaruh (non-formal) berpotensi terciptanya inklusivitas absennya praktik PETI untuk mewujudkan pertambangan rakyat berkelanjutan di Gunung Botak dan sekitarnya.

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Illegal artisanal and small-scale gold minings (ASGM) have continued to spread in Indonesia, as if they are out of control. On the other hand, people's minings should be able to improve the welfare of the community. In fact, ASGM have caused environmental damages and pollution, reduced the economy of the surrounding community, as well as created social changes. Such conditions have occurred in the area of the Mount Botak, Buru Regency, Maluku Province. Indeed, concrete steps from the state as the holder of the power of natural resource management are needed. Indonesian National Police (Polri) as one of the representatives of the state needs to ensure its role in creating and maintaining the situation of the absence of illegal ASGM activities in order to encourage the realization of sustainable community minings. The research aims to achieve a sustainable development agenda in sustainable community mining practices. The author employs the qualitative approach using quantitative and qualitative data collections. Quantitative analysis is carried out through SEM test and qualitative analysis is done descriptive exposure through SEM test, observations, deep interviews, FGDs, and documentations studies. The results of the study reveal that the main roles of Polri, namely harkamtibmas (maintaining security and public order), gakkum (law enforcement), and linyomyan (protecting, sheltering and servicing) in controlling illegal ASGM on the Mount Botak affect the achievement of the absence of illegal ASGM activities. The achievement of these aspects is even greater with the presence of the non-formal role of Polri, namely the role of pressure. The study concludes that the role of Polri (formal) and the role of pressure (non-formal) has the potential to create inclusiveness in the absence of illegal ASGM practices and to realize a sustainable gold mining governance in the Mount Botak and its surrounding areas."

"Otak merupakan target utama pajanan merkuri yang dapat mengganggu organ lain karena merkuri organik merupakan neurotoksik yaitu racun terhadap sistem saraf pusat terutama pada bagian korteks dan serebellum sehingga dapat menimbulkan gangguan keseimbangan tubuh. Salah satu sumber pencemaran terbesar merkuriberasal dari pertambangan emas skala kecil PESK yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar merkuri dalamrambut terhadap gangguan keseimbangan tubuh pada masyarakat terpajan merkuri. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, pemilihan sampelmenggunakan sistem teknik total sampel dengan data kadar merkuri dalam rambutmenggunakan data sekunder penelitian sebelumnya. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitianini adalah 58 responden. Pengukuran gangguan keseimbangan tubuh menggunakantes Romberg. Hubungan antara kadar merkuri rambut, gangguan keseimbangantubuh dan karakteristik individu umur, pekerjaan, lama tinggal, indeks massa tubuhdan konsumsi ikan diuji menggunakan regresi logistik, chi square dan independen ttest.Hasil menunjukkan kadar merkuri rambut yang melebihi batas normal > 2 ppm sebanyak 31 orang 53,4 dan yang mengalami gangguan keseimbangan tubuh pada masyarakat sebanyak 37 orang 63,8 .Secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar merkuri rambut dengan gangguan keseimbangan tubuh dengan p value 0,010 sebanyak 25 orang 80,6 responden dengan kadar merkuri > 2 ppm mengalami gangguan keseimbangan tubuh.Responden dengan kadar merkuri > 2 ppm, berisiko mempunyai gangguan keseimbangan tubuh sebesar 6 kali dibandingkan responden dengan kadar merkurirambut le; 2 ppm setelah dikontrol variabel umur. Untuk penelitian berikutnya disarankan untuk melakukan pengukuran udara di sekitar lokasi PESK sebagai referensi pajanan merkuri yang masuk melalui jalur inhalasi.

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Brain is the main target of mercury exposure that can interface other organs because organic mercury is a neurotoxic that is toxic to the central nervous system, especially in the cortex and cerebellum so can cause disturbance of the body 39 s balance. One of the largest sources of mercury contamination come from artisanal and small scale gold mining ASGM conducted by the community.

This study aims to determine the relationship between levels of mercury in hair against body balance disorders in community exposed to mercury.This study used cross sectional design, sample selection used total sampling technique. Data of mercury levels in hair used secondary data from previous research. The number of samples in this study were 58 respondents. Measurement of body balance disorders using Romberg test. The relationship between mercury level in hair, body balance disorders and individual characteristics age, occupation, length of stay, body mass index and fish consumption were tested using chi square,independent T test and logistic regression.

The results showed hair mercury levels exceeded normal limits of 2 ppm as many as 31 people 53.4 and those with disturbance of body balance in community were people 63.8 . Statistically, there was a significant correlation between hair mercury level with body balance disorder p value 0.010 , proved by as many as 25 people 80,6 respondents with mercury level 2 ppm had disturbance of body balance. Respondents with mercury levels 2ppm, risk to have body balance disorders 6 times compared to respondents with mercury levels in hair le 2ppm after controlled by age variable. For further research it is suggested to conduct airborne measurements around the ASGM location as a reference for mercury exposure which is enter through the inhalation pathway."

"UBPE (Unit Bisnis Pertambangan Emas) Pongkor merupakan salah satu unit bisnis milik PT Antam Tbk yang bergerak dibidang pertambangan emas dan perak yang berlokasi di desa Bantar Karet, Kec. Nanggung, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. UBPE Pongkor melakukan pengolahan emas dari bijih emas hingga menjadi dore bullion dimulai dari proses crushing, milling, leaching, carbon in leach (CIL), elution, electrowinning, smelting hingga backfilling. Beberapa alat produksi yang digunakan seperti jaw crusher, cone crusher, ball mill, leaching tank, elution column, dan burner kiln. Pada leaching tank dan carbon in leach (CIL), terdapat agitator sebagai alat bantu agitasi bijih emas dan larutan reagent berbahan garam sianida agar proses leaching atau pelindian bekerja secara optimal. Bijih emas dan larutan reagent yang tidak teragitasi dalam waktu lama akibat trip pada agitator menyebabkan pengerasan pada endapan. Sehingga proses perawatan dan perbaikan tertunda akibat perlu dilakukan pengurasan tangki. Sebelumnya, kondisi trip pada agitator tidak diketahui oleh operator dan dibutuhkan sebuah sistem baru yang dapat melakukan pendeteksian dan melakukan monitoring secara langsung pada performa agitator. Dengan melakukan perancangan dan pemasangan sistem alarm dan digitalisasi agitator sebagai alat bantu pendeteksi trip dan monitoring, kondisi dan performa agitator dapat dipantau untuk mencegah terjadinya pengerasan endapat pada tangki pelindian sehingga dapat mencegah potensi kerugian yang diterima perusahaan akibat penurunan nilai recovery emas.

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UBPE (Gold Mining Business Unit) Pongkor is one of business unit from PT Antam Tbk operating in gold and silver mining, located in Bantar Karet Village, Nanggung, Bogor Regency, West Java. UBPE Pongkor produces dore bullion from ore through several process such as crushing, milling, leaching, carbon in leach (CIL), elution, electrowinning, smelting, and backfilling. All the process using equipment such as jaw crusher, cone crusher, ball mills, leaching tanks, elution columns, and burner kiln. In the leaching tank and carbon in leach (CIL) process, agitator is used to stir the ore and cyanide-based reagent solution so the leaching process working optimally. Unstirred ore and cyanide in the tank due to agitator trip, can cause the mixing sediment to harden which delays maintenance and repair processes as the tank should be drained. Agitator trip condition can’t be detected by operators and there should be a system which capable detecting and directly monitoring the agitator's performance. By designing and installing an alarm system and digitalizing the agitator as a trip detection and monitoring tool, the condition and performance of the agitator can be monitored to prevent the mixing sediment hardening in the leaching tank. So, it could avoid potential losses for the company due to gold recovery value drop from the process. "

"Penelitian dilakukan pada kawasan Lapangan Penambangan Emas Gosowong yang merupakan zona endapan mineralisasi Au-Ag. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memodelkan sebaran litologi, alterasi, dan urat serta menentukan dan memodelkan domain estimasi berdasarkan kontrol geologi pada mineralisasi emas. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik dan pemodelan implisit berbasis fungsi radial basis (RBF). Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan data bor berupa data collar, survey, assay, litologi, alterasi, dan persen kuarsa. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah pemodelan 3D dan domain estimasi sumber daya emas yang berada pada lokasi penelitian. Pada pemodelan litologi terdapat empat anggota formasi yaitu Basaltik Gosowong, Andesitik Gosowong, Kuarter, Penutup Terbaru. Pada pemodelan alterasi terdapat tiga zona alterasi yaitu argilik, propilitik, dan silikat. Alterasi silikat merupakan penanda area proksimal. Terdapat total 18 urat dengan orientasi dominan ke timur. Berdasarkan arah alterasi silikat dan urat yang seragam, dapat diperkirakan bahwa area proksimal terletak pada barat hingga utara area luar penelitian. Terdapat empat domain yang didapatkan dan diuji normalitas datanya yaitu Domain East (A) berupa urat kuarsa pada alterasi silikat arah timur pada lokasi timur zona x, Domain Center (B) berupa urat kuarsa pada alterasi silikat arah barat laut, Domain West (C) berupa urat kuarsa pada alterasi silikat arah timur di bagian barat zona x, dan Domain West (D) berupa urat kuarsa pada alterasi silikat arah barat laut di bagian barat zona x.

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The research was conducted in the Gosowong Gold Mining Field, which is an Au-Ag mineralization deposit zone. The purpose of this study is to model the distribution of lithology, alteration, and veins, as well as to determine and model the estimation domains based on geological controls on gold mineralization. The data analysis method used includes statistical analysis and implicit modeling based on radial basis function (RBF). This study was conducted using drilling data, including collar, survey, assay, lithology, alteration, and quartz percentage data. The results obtained from this study include 3D modeling and estimation domains of gold resources at the research location. The lithology modeling identified four formation members: Gosowong Basaltic, Gosowong Andesitic, Quaternary, and the Latest Cover. The alteration modeling identified three alteration zones: argillic, propylitic, and silicate. Silicate alteration serves as a marker for the proximal area. There are a total of 18 veins with a dominant eastward orientation. Based on the uniform direction of silicate alteration and veins, it is estimated that the proximal area is located from the west to the north outer area of the study area. Four domains were identified and their data normality tested: Domain East (A), consisting of quartz veins in silicate alteration with an eastward direction in the eastern part of zone x; Domain Center (B), consisting of quartz veins in silicate alteration with a northwestward direction; Domain West (C), consisting of quartz veins in silicate alteration with an eastward direction in the western part of zone x; and Domain West (D), consisting of quartz veins in silicate alteration with a northwestward direction in the western part of zone x."

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Emas (gold) adalah komoditas berharga yang digunakan di banyak industri. Di Indonesia berdasarkan terdapat 15 Produsen Emas. Salah satu produsen terbesar yaitu PT Antam, Tbk. (“ANTAM”) dengan unit bisnis UBPP LM. Proses produksi Logam Mulia emas masih manual, salah satunya didalam bisnis proses manufacturing di UBPP LM mulai weighing sampai dengan engraving terdapat beberapa aktifitas non value added, belum adanya standarisasi cycle time dan digitalisasi yang menyebabkan loss time serta operator memerankan peranan penting didalam proses produksi sehingga apabila terjadi kesalahan dapat menyebabkan ketidaksesuaian produk yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan analisa rekayasa ulang Proses dengan usulan improvement dan target terdapat standarisasi cycle time dan diharapkan terdapat peningkatan produksi dalam proses Produksi Logam Mulia Emas. Mengidentifikasi waste yang ada didalam tahapan proses dengan pendekatan Value Stream Mapping (VSM). serta Optimasi tata letak (relayout) demi memenuhi kapasitas produksi Logam Mulia Emas ANTAM.

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Gold is a valuable commodity used in many industries. In Indonesia, there are 15 gold producers based on records. One of the largest producers is PT Antam, Tbk. ('ANTAM') with its business unit UBPP LM. The production process of precious gold metal is still manual, and one of the businesses process that involves the manufacturing process at UBPP LM, from weighing to engraving, has several non-value added activities due to the lack of cycle time standardization and digitalization, which causes loss of time. Operators play an important role in the production process, and errors on their part can result in product non-conformity. The purpose of this research is to perform a process reengineering analysis with proposed improvements and target of achieving cycle time standardization and an increase in production in the production process of precious gold metal. This involves identifying waste in the process stages using a Value Stream Mapping (VSM) approach and optimizing the layout to meet the production capacity of Antam.

 

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"Indonesia memiliki pertambangan emas rakyat yang tersebar di seluruh nusantara, salah satunya berlokasi di Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Pertambangan emas rakyat dilakukan dengan menggunakan merkuri melalui proses amalgamasi. Masih didapati pembuangan limbah merkuri dari pertambangan emas rakyat ke media lingkungan seperti tanah dan badan sungai, padahal limbah merkuri termasuk ke dalam limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) yang tidak boleh dibuang langsung ke media lingkungan karena dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi besar konsentrasi merkuri pada lingkungan di Kecamatan Cibeber dan Kecamatan Bayah, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten dan pengaruh pada kesehatan masyarakat yang kontak dengan merkuri. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan metode analisis risiko kesehatan dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Keberadaan merkuri di lokasi penelitian pada air, ikan, sayuran, dan tanah telah melebihi baku mutu, yaitu berturut-turut memiliki rata-rata sebesar 0,04695 mg/l, 0,5175 mg/kg, 0,173 mg/kg dan 0,165 mg/kg. Analisis perhitungan risiko kesehatan menunjukkan masyarakat sekitar pertambangan emas rakyat berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan karena nilai RQ > 1 (RQ = 18,5756).

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Indonesia has artisanal gold mining spreading throughout the archipelago, one of which is located in Lebak District of Banten Province. The artisanal gold mining usually use mercury in the amalgamation process. The latest fact showed that mercury used in artisanal gold minings has been directly discharged to the surrounding environment, polluting soil and rivers, whereas mercury is considered as one of the hazardous and toxic waste (B3) that cannot be directly discharged to the environment as it can cause several health problems. The purpose of this research is to identify mercury concentrations in the environment of Cibeber and Bayah Sub Districts, Lebak District, Banten Province and its effect to the health of community who is in contact with the disposed mercury.

This is an analytic descriptive research that uses a health risk assessment method and quantitative approach. This research reveals that mercury concentrations in samples of water, fish, vegetables, and soil taken from the surrounding environment in the research location have exceeded the quality standard which respectively average 0.04695 mg/l, 0.5175 mg/kg, 0.173 mg/kg, and 0.165 mg/kg,. The health risk assessment shows that community lives surrounding the gold mining has potency to suffer related health problems as the RQ rate is higher than 1 (RQ = 18.5756)."

"Penggunaan merkuri dalam PESK sangat menimbulkan masalah, karena selama prosesnya, PESK mengeluarkan merkuri ke lingkungan saat pembuangan limbah sehingga memungkinkan terjadi pencemaran lingkungan. Pajanan merkuri pada tubuh dalam waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan dampak kesehatan salah satunya adalah terhadap ginjal karena merupakan organ ekskresi utama yang penting untuk mengeluarkan zat-zat toksik yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. Glomerulus filtration rate (GFR) merupakan salah satu parameter untuk mengetahui tingkat fungsi ginjal dan menentukan stadium penyakit ginjal.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar merkuri dalam rambut pada masyarakat terhadap nilai estimasi glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross cectional dengan variabel terukur adalah kadar merkuri rambut, karakteristik responden (usia, jenis pekerjaan, indeks masa tubuh, lama tinggal, kebiasaan merokok, aktivitas fisik, konsumsi obat, dan konsumsi air minum) dan nilai estimasi GFR. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 58 orang. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan chi-square, independen t-Test dan regresi logistik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 51,7% responden memiliki kadar merkuri dalam rambut yang melebihi batas maksimal (>2 μg/gr) dan 43,1% responden mengalami penurunan nilai estimasi GFR (fungsi ginjal yang tidak normal). Penurunan nilai estimasi GFR di pengaruhi oleh umur dan kadar merkuri dalam rambut. Menurunnya nilai estimasi GFR dapat dicegah dengan lebih banyak mengkonsumsi air minum dan mengurangi kebiasaan minum obat serta perlunya penyuluhan dari pelayanan kesehatan tentang bahaya dan dampak merkuri terhadap kesehatan pada masyarakat.

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The application of mercury in ASGM is very problematic, because through the process, SSGM release mercury to the environment during waste disposal and enable environmental pollution. Mercury exposure to the body for a long time can cause health impact, one of them is the effect to kidney. It is the main excretory organs which are important to remove toxic substances that enter the body. Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) is one of the parameters to determine the level of kidney function and stage of kidney disease.

This study aimed at determine the relationship between mercury levels in hair of the community against the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). This research used cross-sectional design with measurable variables are mercury levels in hair, respondent characteristics (age, occupation, body mass index, length of stay, smoking habit, physical activity, medicine consumption and drinking water consumption) and estimated GFR value. The sample in this study 58 people. Data obtained tested using chi-square, independent t-Test and logistic regression.

The results showed that 51.7% respondents had exceeded the guideline of hair mercury levels (>2 μg/gr) and 43.1% of respondents experienced a decrease estimated GFR value (abnormal kidney function). Estimated GFR values decreased was influence by age and mercury levels in hair. Decreasing of estimated GFR values can be prevented by consume more drinking water, reduce medicine consume habits and it is necessary to give health education about the dangers and impacts of mercury on health to the community."