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"This paper provides an explanation of the effects of cavity shape and frequency excitation to the vortex formation of the synthetic jet. In order to get comprehensive results, this study will be conducted by both computational and experimental methods.The experiment method prepared by applying hotwire probe on the center point of the synthetic jet orifice, so from here the researcher get the Ux (average airflow velocity from membrane movement)in a low voltage signal, then the data will be transferred to analog data converter within the record speed 10.000 data/s. The cavities shapes that will be applied are half-sphere, tubes, and conical. The diameter varieties of the orifice are 3 mm, 5 mm and 8 mm. the simulation is started by utilizing the flow rate data from the experiment which can be put in the simulation boundary condition. Furthermore, from visual data of flow contour from CFD simulation the qualities vortex ring formation from SJA can be determined. Based on this research result, the formation of vortex ring occurs at the configuration B3, T3, T5, K3 and K5 of the SJA. Meanwhile, the other types of the synthetic jet cavity which have 8 mm of orifice diameter is not producing the vortex ring."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini akan membahas mengenai pengaruh variasi frekuensi danbentuk gelombang pada pembentukan cincin vorteks oleh aktuator jet sintetik.Variasi frekuensi yang digunakan dalam percobaan yaitu 80 Hz sampai dengan 200Hz, sedangkan variasi bentuk gelombangnya adalah bentuk gelombang sinusoidal,square, dan triangle. Bentuk cavity dari aktuator adalah kerucut dengan diameterorifis 3mm, 5mm, dan 8mm. Kriteria pembentukan cincin vorteks yang digunakandalam penelitian ini adalah kriteria yang dipublikasikan oleh Ryan Holman dkkuntuk jet sintetik 2 dimensi yaitu 1⁄𝑆𝑟 = 𝑅𝑒⁄𝑆2 > 1. Pengambilan dataeksperimen dilakukan pada mulut orifis (𝑥⁄𝐷 = 0 dan 𝑦⁄𝐷 ≈ 0) denganmenggunakan Constant Temperature Anemometer (CTA) dengan data rate 60,000data dalam 2 detik. Sedangkan data simulasi diperoleh dengan menggunakansoftware Fluent 6.2.36 dengan menggunakan model turbulensi Reynolds StressModel. Dari data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah untuk dimasukkan dalam kriteriapembentukan cincin vorteks. Dari hasil pengolahan data, diddaptkan rentangfrekuensi optimum serta bentuk gelombang yang paling baik untuk aktutor jetsintetik dalam pembentukan cincin vorteks.

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ABSTRACTThis study will discuss the influence of variations in frequency andwaveform on the formation of vortex rings by synthetic jet actuators. Excitationfrequency variation used in the experiment is 20 Hz to 200 Hz, with a variation ofthe waveform is sinusoidal, square, and triangle. The shape of the actuator?s cavityis conical with orifice diameter of 3mm, 5mm and 8mm. Criteria for the formationof vortex rings used in this study are the criteria published by Ryan Holman et alfor 2 dimensional synthetic jet 1/Sr = Re/S ^ 2> 1. The study was conductedpremises using experimental and computational methods. Experimental data iscapured on the mouth of the orifice (x/D = 0 and y/D≈0) using the ConstantTemperature Anemometer (CTA) with a data rate of 60,000 data in 2 seconds.While the simulation data obtained using Fluent software 2.6.36 by using ReynoldsStress Model as the turbulence model. Data which have obtained is then processedfor inclusion in the criteria for the formation of vortex rings. From the dataprocessing, obtained optimum frequency range and waveform for the synthetic jetactuator in the formation of vortex rings.;;"

"Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah pembentukan jet pada jet sintetik aktuator dengan bentuk cavity kerucut pada medium diam (quiescent) terhadap pengaruh diameter orifice. Pengaruh diameter orifice terhadap pembentukan jet diteliti dengan memvariasikan besar diameter yaitu 3 mm, 5 mm dan 8 mm pada frekuensi optimumnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami kriteria pembentukan jet yang memiliki peranan penting dalam beberapa aplikasi seperti cooling device pada alat-alat elektronik, penggerak wahana bawah air, kontrol separasi aliran, pengurangan drag, dll. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental maupun komputasional (CFD). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah jet sintetik aktuator dengan diameter orifice 3 mm dan 5 mm membentuk jet. Namun untuk aktuator dengan diameter orifice 8 mm, jet tidak terbentuk.

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The focus of this study is the formation of jet in synthetic jets actuator (SJA) with conical shaped cavity in quiescent medium that influenced by its orifice diameter. The effect of orifice diameter on the jet formation are inspected by varying the diameter by 3 mm, 5 mm and 8 mm in its optimum frequency. The aim of this study is to understand the jet formation criteria which is important in several application such as cooling device in electronic device, thrust for underwater vehicle, flow separation control, etc. This study is done by experimental and computational method (CFD). The result of this study is the SJA with orifice diameter 3 mm and 5 mm formed the jet. But, for SJA with orifice diameter 8 mm jet are not formed."

"Tesis ini membahas eksistensi Peraturan Presiden Nomor 78 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 dan Peraturan Pelaksanaan yang Terkait. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain preskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa Peraturan Presiden Nomor 78 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar yang diterbitkan sebelum Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil merupakan Peraturan Presiden yang bersifat mandiri yang bersumber pada kewenangan atribusi dari Pasal 4 ayat 1 UUD 1945. Materi muatan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 78 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar diatur kembali dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, namun fokus utama dari penyusunan Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil adalah peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil dan pengaturan mengenai sanksi yang dikenakan bagi pelanggar. Pencabutan ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat 2 dan Lampiran Peraturan Presiden Nomor 78 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar dengan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 6 Tahun 2017 tentang Penetapan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar merupakan hal yang dapat dilakukan. Namun, Pencabutan ketentuan dan Lampiran dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 78 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar, serta pengaturan kembali secara komprehensif mengenai pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil menyebabkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 78 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengelolaan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar tidak jelas daya gunanya.

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This thesis discusses the existence of Presidential Regulation No. 78 Year 2005 concerning Management of Outermost Small Islands in Law No. 27 Year 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands as amended by Act No. 1 Year 2014 and Related Implementation Regulations. This research is qualitative research with prescriptive design. Based on the results, it was found that Presidential Regulation No. 78 Year 2005 concerning Management of Outermost Small Islands which issued before Law No. 27 Year 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands is an independent Presidential Regulation which is based on attribution authority from Article 4 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution. The content of Presidential Regulation No. 78 Year 2005 concerning Management of Outermost Small Islands is regulated in Law No. 27 Year 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands, but the main focus of the Law No. 27 Year 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands is an increase in the welfare of the people in coastal areas and small islands and regulations about punishment for violators. Revocation of Article 1 paragraph 2 and Attachment of the Presidential Regulation No. 78 Year 2005 concerning Management of Outermost Small Islands with Presidential Decree No. 6 Year 2017 concerning Determination of Outermost Small Islands is a matter that can be done. However, Revocation of provisions and Attachments in Presidential Regulation No. 78 Year 2005 concerning Management of Outermost Small Islands, as well as comprehensive reorganization of the management of Small Islands Outside in Law No. 27 Year 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands causes Presidential Regulation No. 78 Year 2005 concerning Management of Outermost Small Islands is not clearly used."

"This paper presents a baseline study of the development of turbulent flow separation for controlling aerodynamic phenomena, especially in the design of the vehicle body. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) as one of the tools that can be used in reducing the flow controller separation area on the bluff body model of the vehicle. To get maximum results in the performance of the SJA, this research starts with characterizing the actuator, including changes in the shape of the cavity and orifice diameter. Cavity shapes tested were half-ball (B), tube (T) and cone (K), while orifice diameters of 3, 5 and 8 mm were examined. The study was conducted using both computational and experimental approaches. Results from both types of research methods were compared and displayed in graphical form. These results serve as a reference for determining future research. The experimental results, in the form of the flow rate for each type of cavity, determined the ability of different cavity conditions to form vortex rings, whereas in CFD simulations, the formation of vortex rings was demonstrated via the visualization of flow contours. Vortex rings occurred in cavity conditions B3, T3, T5, K3 and K5. Vortex rings were not formed on any type of cavity with an orifice having a diameter of 8 mm."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penilitian yuridis normatif yang menggunakan data sekunder dan data primer yang berasal dari buku-buku atau literatur-literatur hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan. Sejak terbitnya Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, banyak daerah di Indonesia yang mengajukan pemekaran daerah. hal ini di sebabkan oleh model pemerintahan yang sentralistik di zaman orde baru, pemerintahan yang sentralistik membuat daerah menjadi tidak berkembang karena tidak dapat memaksimalkan potensi daerah yang dimilikinya. Semangat pemekaran ini dilandasi oleh Otonomi Daerah, Otonomi Daerah memberikan hak untuk mengatur, mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintah yang sejalan dengan Negara Kesatuan Indonesia. Seiring dengan pesatnya laju pemekaran daerah disisi lain muncul permasalahan baru yang selama ini tidak menjadi sorotan penting bagi daerah. Pemekaran daerah mengasilkan Daerah Otonom Baru, dimana daearah otonomi baru menetapkan batas wilayah berdasarkan undang-undang pembentukan daerah otonom baru, penetapan batas wilayah baru yang tidak jelas, menyebabkan konflik tapal batas dengan daerah lama. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya sengktea tapal batas antara daerah, mulai dari penetapan batas yang tidak jelas dari undang-undang pembetukan daerah otonom baru, perebutan sumber daya alam, Politik, hingga pelayanan pemerintahan. Sehingga bagaimana prosedur penyelesaian sengketa tapal batas antar daerah yang diatur Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah.

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This research is a normative juridical research that uses secondary data and primary data from books or legal literature, laws and regulations. Since the issuance of Law Number 22 Year 1999 concerning Regional Government, many regions in Indonesia have proposed regional expansion. this is caused by a centralized model of governance in the New Order era, a centralized government makes the regions become undeveloped because they cannot maximize the potential of their regions. The spirit of pemekaran is based on Regional Autonomy, Regional Autonomy gives the right to regulate, manage their own government affairs in line with the Unitary State of Indonesia. Along with the rapid rate of regional expansion on the other hand new problems have arisen which have not been an important spotlight for the region. Regional expansion resulted in a New Autonomous Region, where the new autonomous regions set boundaries based on the law on the formation of new autonomous regions, the setting of new territorial boundaries that were unclear, causing boundary conflicts with the old regions. There are several factors that cause the boundary dispute between regions to be established, starting from the unclear boundary stipulation of the law on the establishment of new autonomous regions, the seizure of natural resources, politics, to government services. So what is the procedure for resolving boundary disputes between regions regulated by Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan pemahaman awal dalam pengembangan metode kontrol aliran terbarukan dan sangat menjanjikan. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan karakterisasi penggunaan aktuator plasma pada suatu lapisan aliran batas yang mampu memanipulasi daerah ini dengan mempelajari interaksi-interaksi yang ada pada lapisan batas tersebut.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan, pendekatan eksperimental dan komputasioal. Pada pendekatan pengukuran eksperimental wilayah hilir pada jarak 15 mm dan 30 mm dari pusat plasma dengan memvariasikan frekuensi mulai dari 6 kHz hingga 10 kHz.Dari hasil percobaan profil kecepatan yang diperoleh, ketebalan perpindahan, ketebalan momentum, ketebalan energi dengan varians frekuensi terbaik pada 6 kHz dengan ketebalan perpindahan, momentum ketebalan, ketebalan energi masing-masing 2.343 mm, 0,94 mm dan 0.152 mm. Kemudian hasil eksperimen dibandingkan dengan komputasi untuk mendapatkan kecenderungan yang sama di wilayah hilir.

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ABSTRACTThis study is a fundamental study in the development of a renewable flow control method and is very promising. The main objective of this study was to obtain characterization of the use of a plasma actuator on a boundary layer flow that is able to manipulate this area by studying the interactions that exist in the boundary layer.This research was done by using two approaches, experimental approaches and computational. On the approach to the measurement experimental its downstream region at a distance of 15 mm and 30 mm from the center of the plasma by varying frequencies ranging from 6 kHz up to 10 kHzFrom the experimental results obtained velocity profile, displacement thickness, momentum thickness, thickness of energy with the best frequency variance at 6 kHz with displacement thickness, thickness momentum, energy thickness of each is 2,343 mm, 0.94 mm and 0.152 mm. Then the experimental results were compared with computational to get the same tendency in the downstream region"

"[ABSTRAKEra reformasi telah membawa angin perubahan di segala bidang salah satunya di bidang pemerintahan daerah. Sejak dilaksankan otonomi daerah luas melalui Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah wilayah Indonesia telah mengalami banyak perubahan.Perubahan wilayah ini disebabkan adanya pemekaran daerah sebagai salah satu cara pembentukan daerah baru. Hal ini juga merupakan implementasi dari otonomi daerah sehingga masing-masing daerah berusaha untuk menjadi daerah otonom. Akibat dari kebijakan tersebut, muncullah daerah-daerah otonom baru (DOB). Tanpa disadari akibat pemekaran wilayah menyebabkan timbulnya konflik horizontal. Konflik horizontal ini memunculkan berbagai macam permasalahan baru dari persoalan pengelolaan sumber daya alam sampai dengan sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah otonom baru. Timbulnya sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah disebabkan masing-masing pihak yang bersengketa memiliki penafsiran yang berbeda terhadap wilayah yang dimilikinya.Terhadap permasalahan ini, Undang-undang Pemerintahan Daerah telah menyediakan mekanisme penyelesaiannya melalui Gubernur apabila terjadi sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah otonom baru dalam satu provinsi dan melalui Menteri Dalam Negeri apabila terjadi sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah kabupaten/kota lintas provinsi yang bersifat final. Akan tetapi dalam prakteknya, penyelesaian ini tidak memberikan rasa keadilan bagi pihak yang merasa dirugikan akibat mekanisme ini. Sehingga pihak yang merasa dirugikan akan membawa permasalahan ini ke ranah hukum yaitu melalui Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penyelesaian sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah melalui Mahkamah Konstitusi dilakukan dengan cara mengajukan permohonan pengujian undang-undang pembentukan daerah terhadap Undang-UndangDasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yang bersifat final dan mengikat. Penelitian ini ingin menjelaskan praktek penyelesaian sengketa batas wilayah antar daerah otonom baru yang dilakukan menurut Undang-undang Pemerintahan dan melalui pengujian undang-undang di Mahkamah Konstitusi.

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ABSTRACTThe reform era has brought a wind of change in all areas including in the field of local governance. Since the autonomous region was implemented through Act No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government regions of Indonesia have undergone many changes. Changes in the area due to the expansion region as one way the formation of new areas. This is also the implementation of regional autonomy so that each region seeks to become an autonomous area. The result of these policies, came the new autonomous areas (DOB). Unnoticed due to the onset of the conflict led to the blossoming of horizontal.This horizontal conflicts gave rise to a variety of new problems of natural resource management issues to a dispute between the territorial boundaries of the region. The onset of the dispute between the borders area due to each party to the dispute has a different interpretation of its own territory. With respect to this issue, the Act Government has provided a mechanism for settlement through the Governor in the event of a dispute between the territorial boundaries in one province and through the Ministry of Home Affairs in the event of a dispute between the borders area of district/city cross the province are final. However, in practice, this settlement does not provide a sense of fairness to the parties who feel aggrieved by this mechanism. So those who feel aggrieved will bring this issue into the realm of law, namely through the Constitutional Court. The dispute between the territory through the boundary of the Constitutional Court is carried out by means of applying for a testing area of legislation against the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 which are final and binding. This research would like to explain the dispute resolution practice of territorial boundaries between areas is conducted according to Government legislation and through the testing laws in the Constitutional Court.;The reform era has brought a wind of change in all areas including in the field of local governance. Since the autonomous region was implemented through Act No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government regions of Indonesia have undergone many changes. Changes in the area due to the expansion region as one way the formation of new areas. This is also the implementation of regional autonomy so that each region seeks to become an autonomous area. The result of these policies, came the new autonomous areas (DOB). Unnoticed due to the onset of the conflict led to the blossoming of horizontal.This horizontal conflicts gave rise to a variety of new problems of natural resource management issues to a dispute between the territorial boundaries of the region. The onset of the dispute between the borders area due to each party to the dispute has a different interpretation of its own territory. With respect to this issue, the Act Government has provided a mechanism for settlement through the Governor in the event of a dispute between the territorial boundaries in one province and through the Ministry of Home Affairs in the event of a dispute between the borders area of district/city cross the province are final. However, in practice, this settlement does not provide a sense of fairness to the parties who feel aggrieved by this mechanism. So those who feel aggrieved will bring this issue into the realm of law, namely through the Constitutional Court. The dispute between the territory through the boundary of the Constitutional Court is carried out by means of applying for a testing area of legislation against the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 which are final and binding. This research would like to explain the dispute resolution practice of territorial boundaries between areas is conducted according to Government legislation and through the testing laws in the Constitutional Court.;The reform era has brought a wind of change in all areas including in the field of local governance. Since the autonomous region was implemented through Act No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government regions of Indonesia have undergone many changes. Changes in the area due to the expansion region as one way the formation of new areas. This is also the implementation of regional autonomy so that each region seeks to become an autonomous area. The result of these policies, came the new autonomous areas (DOB). Unnoticed due to the onset of the conflict led to the blossoming of horizontal.This horizontal conflicts gave rise to a variety of new problems of natural resource management issues to a dispute between the territorial boundaries of the region. The onset of the dispute between the borders area due to each party to the dispute has a different interpretation of its own territory. With respect to this issue, the Act Government has provided a mechanism for settlement through the Governor in the event of a dispute between the territorial boundaries in one province and through the Ministry of Home Affairs in the event of a dispute between the borders area of district/city cross the province are final. However, in practice, this settlement does not provide a sense of fairness to the parties who feel aggrieved by this mechanism. So those who feel aggrieved will bring this issue into the realm of law, namely through the Constitutional Court. The dispute between the territory through the boundary of the Constitutional Court is carried out by means of applying for a testing area of legislation against the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 which are final and binding. This research would like to explain the dispute resolution practice of territorial boundaries between areas is conducted according to Government legislation and through the testing laws in the Constitutional Court., The reform era has brought a wind of change in all areas including in the field of local governance. Since the autonomous region was implemented through Act No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government regions of Indonesia have undergone many changes. Changes in the area due to the expansion region as one way the formation of new areas. This is also the implementation of regional autonomy so that each region seeks to become an autonomous area. The result of these policies, came the new autonomous areas (DOB). Unnoticed due to the onset of the conflict led to the blossoming of horizontal.This horizontal conflicts gave rise to a variety of new problems of natural resource management issues to a dispute between the territorial boundaries of the region. The onset of the dispute between the borders area due to each party to the dispute has a different interpretation of its own territory. With respect to this issue, the Act Government has provided a mechanism for settlement through the Governor in the event of a dispute between the territorial boundaries in one province and through the Ministry of Home Affairs in the event of a dispute between the borders area of district/city cross the province are final. However, in practice, this settlement does not provide a sense of fairness to the parties who feel aggrieved by this mechanism. So those who feel aggrieved will bring this issue into the realm of law, namely through the Constitutional Court. The dispute between the territory through the boundary of the Constitutional Court is carried out by means of applying for a testing area of legislation against the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945 which are final and binding. This research would like to explain the dispute resolution practice of territorial boundaries between areas is conducted according to Government legislation and through the testing laws in the Constitutional Court.]"