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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penerapan klausul security exception dalam Pasal XXI GATT. Skripsi ini akan membahas mengenai proses pembentukan klausul security exception dalam hukum WTO terutama GATT beserta perkembangannya serta kontroversi yang meliputi klausul ini seperti yurisdiksi WTO, sifat self-judging dari klausul ini hingga penerapannya dalam hukum WTO terutama GATT. Selain itu skripsi ini akan menganalisis mengenai penerapan klausul security exception yang terletak di Pasal XXI GATT dalam kasus Russia-Measures concerning traffic in transit kasus pertama yang berhubungan dengan penerapan klausul security exception dalam Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa WTO yang modern. Skripsi ini akan membandingkan interpretasi Panel mengenai klausul security exception dengan interpretasi dari beberapa akademisi dan para pencetus terbentuknya klausul ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan untuk menghasilkan data yang kemudian akan dianalisis dengan metode kualitatif untuk menghasilkan data penelitian yang deskriptif analitis mengenai topik penelitian yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini.

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This thesis discusses the implementation of security exception clause under Article XXI GATT. This thesis will discuss about the formulation of the clause on WTO law, especially GATT and its controversies such as Panel’s jurisdictions to inspect cases regarding security exception under WTO law and its self-judging nature. This thesis will analyze implementation of the clause on Russia-measures concerning traffic in transit case, the first case regrading security exception under WTO law that had been solved by the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO. This thesis will analyze the interpretation of the Panel regarding the clause under Article XXI GATT and compare it with other views from experts and the founder of the clause. This research will be done with normative judicial manner with literature study to obtain data and materials which were analyzed with qualitative methods to have an analytical descriptive data about the topic."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini menganalisis mengenai hubungan perbaikan proses pre-clearance di pelabuhan Tanjung Priok terhadap penurunan dwelling time. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah ada hubungan yang signifikan antara lama perekaman izin dan lama pengurusan PIB terhadap proses pre-clearance suatu peti kemas. Perekaman izin dilakukan yang dilakukan oleh INSW sebagian besar dilakukan sebelum barang datang sebelum stacking time sebesar 92,55 dari keseluruhan sampel sebanyak 1141 kontainer. Sedangkan pengurusan dokumen perizinan saat barang datang di pelabuhan sebesar 6,31 dan pengurusan dokumen sesudah barang tiba di pelabuhan sebesar 1,14 . INSW melakukan perbaikan ndash; perbaikan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan demi mengurangi waktu pre-clearance yang pada akhirnya akan mengurangi dwelling time di pelabuhan.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between improved pre clearance process and decreased dwelling time in Tanjung Priok harbor. A result, there is a significant relation between the time needed for recording the license and also the time for submitting the PIB form in pre clearance process. The time needed for recording the license done by INSW mostly before stacking time which is about 92,55 from the sample at 1141 container. Meanwhile when the container arrived at the harbor about 6,31 and 1,14 after the container arrived. INSW done a lot of improvement in the pre clearance process to decrease the dwelling time in harbor."

"The black sea consitutes a region where the interests of four geopolitical entities intersect, namely, the EU with its "Neighbourhood policy of the EU" the USA in search of a gateway to Eurasia, " broder Middle East and ..."

"During the recent years of gradually deepened ebgagements and the parallel development of EU crisis management capabilities some valuable European experience and pattern of stabilisation methods have emerged...."

"A security defines as amarketable investment instrumen representing financial value. Securities are broadly categorized into debt securities, commercial bonds, stock, bound, equity, securities e.g comman stocks,future trading securities, and derivative securities...."

"In Crimology, Access control is known as one of the six teen technique introduced by Ronald V. Clarks on his famous writing about Situational Crime Prevention. Access control is a concept of some symbolic or physical barrier used to select and determine the mobility entry or exit of human. This concept is also potential to be develop on to it is own concept of security system. This research is about how to implement access control concept as a security system concept. Research was conducted at PT "X", an 35 years old foreign investment company, which is it site located at Pasar rebo District, East Jakarta. PT. "X" is a pharmaceutical company, producing gynecological product including oral contraception, which one of their most famous product is Pil KB Lingkaran Biru. Like others modem pharmaceutical company, PT "X" implement high standard of management principle and quality control, to each function under this company organization, including security function. Also like other manufacturing company, the community inside this company characterize by functional relationship, which then lead their employee into some unique relationship which colored by sub unit bonding in company structure, such as Department division or Section. This condition also become basic consideration to determine the mobility and access of each person who has interest to enter any space or room inside these company site. There are four element, choose as basic requirement if access control like to implemented in these company. Those element are administrational, technical, organizational and personal aspect. All this aspect has correlation and supporting as a system. Administrational aspect gives legitimation and power, technical aspect is a supporting tools to make the program runs easier and possible. Organizational aspect describe procedure and mechanism to do the system. Personal aspect lead to share responsibility and function for each unit in the security system. There are still no guarantee that system base on access control concept can or effective in reducing crime in a work place. But At least, access control can be used as a concept to build a security system at other industrial site which might have same characteristic and with same method."

"Tesis ini menganalisa mengenai kebijakan laut Indonesia apakah sudah tewujud sebagai kebijakan yang seharusnya ada untuk sebuah negara kepulauan seperti Indonesia yang memiliki luas perairan 2/3 dari luas daratan sekitar 5.8 juta km², dengan garis pantai sepanjang 81.000 km². Dengan adanya keistimewaan posisi dan letak strategis Indonesia di tataran dunia, laut merupakan media yang paling banyak di gunakan dalam hal lintas ekonomi maupun kapal-kapal militer, serta rentan akan isu Non-Traditional Security lainnya. Akan tetapi Indonesia, belum mampu mengatur dan mengelola keistimewaan laut tersebut dalam menghadapi isu maritime security, dikarenakan law enforcement yang belum optimal dilaksanakan, sehingga dalam kelembagaan nasional terjadi overlapping dalam menjalankan fungsi dan tugas pokok yang saling berbenturan (dijalankan secara sektoral), serta banyaknya kepentingan antar negara di wilayah Asia Tenggara dalam mengahadapi isu kelautan. Dengan demikian adanya kelemahan tersebut, Indonesia belum menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara maritim yang seutuhnya dan tidak terealisasinya kebijakan laut Indonesia yang akan membawa perubahan pada pembangunan ekonomi dan pertahanan keamanan di laut. Maka, strategi keamanan maritim yang kuat tidak dapat terwujud secara kuat dan normatif.

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This thesis analyzes about the ocean policy of Indonesia is already exist as a policy should be abide for an archipelagic state like Indonesia which has an area of water 2/3 of the land area about 5.8 million km², with a coastline 81,000 km². With the features and location of Indonesia's strategic position at the world level, the sea is the most widely used in cross-economically and military ships, as well as vulnerable to issues Non-Traditional Security. Indonesia, however, have not been able to organize and manage the marine privilege in the face of maritime security issues, because law enforcement is not optimal yet implemented, resulting in overlapping national institutions in carrying out the functions and main tasks are clashing (sectoral), and there are many of interests among states in Northeast Asia region to faces the maritime issue. Thus the existence of these weaknesses, Indonesia yet to make Indonesia as a maritime nation as a whole and not the realization of Indonesia's ocean policy that will bring changes in the economic development and defense and security at sea. Thus, a strong maritime security strategy can not be realized in a powerful and normative."

"Tugas Karya Akhir ini membahas tentang penerapan sistem manajemen pengamanan PT. EMLI sebagai objek vital nasional oleh PT. GA. PT. EMLI merupakan salah satu objek vital nasional dan pilar industri perminyakan yang besar dan sudah lama beroperasi di Indonesia, dan berkontribusi terhadap produksi minyak nasional. Adanya sedikit gangguan atau ancaman pada industri, maka akan sangat berdampak terhadap produktivitas minyak nasional. Maka dari itu, pengamanan terhadap PT EMLI sebagai bagian dari objek vital nasional yang dilakukan oleh PT. GA sebagai Badan Usaha Jasa Pengamanan, harus terus melakukan perbaikan agar dapat meminimalisir ancaman dan risiko yang potensial. Hasil penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengamanan pada PT. EMLI belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan secara optimal oleh PT. GA, namun, di dalam melakukan penerapan sistem pengamanannya, PT. GA telah memenuhi beberapa upaya 25 teknik pencegahan kejahatan situasional yang dicetus oleh Clarke. Penelitian ini menyarankan perkembangan penelitian selanjutnya untuk menguji efektivitas pelaksanaan sistem manajemen pengamanan pada obvitnas ini dengan menggunakan metode yang jauh lebih komprehensif.

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This Final Project assignment discusses implementation of the security management system of PT. EMLI as a national vital object by PT. GA. PT. EMLI is one of the national vital objects and a pillar of the large oil industry and has been operating in Indonesia for a long time, and contributes to national oil production. There is a slight disturbance or threat to the industry, it will greatly affect the national oil productivity. Therefore, the security of PT EMLI as part of a national vital object carried out by PT. GA as a Security Service Agency, must continue to make improvements in order to minimize potential threats and risks. The results of this paper indicate that the security system at PT. EMLI has not been fully implemented optimally by PT. GA. However, in implementing its security system, PT. GA has addressed some of the 25 situational crime prevention techniques presented by Clarke. This study suggests the development of further research to test the effectiveness of the implementation of the security management system at this national vital object using a much more comprehensive method."

"[ABSTRAKPenerapan keamanan informasi disektor publik kehadirannya kini semakin dianggap penting dalam rangka peningkatan pelayanan publik yang handal dan aman. Tentunya hal tersebut sejalan dengan semangat reformasi birokrasi yang telah dicanangkan oleh pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi (Menpan RB). Dengan adanya tata kelola keamanan informasi yang baik maka suatu organisasi dapat memastikan bahwa penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik tidak akan terganggu dari masalah-masalah yang kompleks yang meliputi aspek kerahasiaan, keutuhan dan ketersediaan layanan setiap saat. Sementara hingga saat ini LAPAN masih memiliki keterbatasan kesadaran terhadap aspek keamanan TI dan keberadaan kebijakan yang mendefinisikan mekanisme pengelolaan keamanan data dan risiko TI terkait peran dan tanggung jawab yang diperlukan. Untuk itu penulis memandang kebutuhan akan suatu rekomendasi keamanan informasi di Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN) sangat mendesak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur implementasi keamanan informasi dengan studi kasus LAPAN menggunakan instrumen Indeks Keamanan Informasi (KAMI) sebagai acuannya. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data analisis dokumen, observasi, dan focus group discussion (FGD). Hasil analisis menunjukkan peran dan tingkat kepentingan TIK di LAPAN berada pada kategori tinggi namun tingkat kematangannya masih berada pada level I dengan total skor bernilai 104, sedangkan level kematangan yang diharapkan adalah level III. Penelitian ini akan mengulas pengukuran implementasi keamanan informasi di LAPAN dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk mencapai level yang diharapkan.

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ABSTRACTThe application of information security in a public sector is more important nowadays in order to increase reliable and safety public service. In line with the spirit of bureaucratic reformation that has been issued by the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform. By the presence of good information security governance, thus an organization can be sure that the public service will not be affected by a complex of matters of covering the aspects of secrecy, and the availability of service at any moment. Meanwhile, LAPAN still have a constraints awareness in the aspect of the Information and Technology security and the policy that defines the mechanism of the data and risk security management related to the role and responsibility required. Therefore, the researcher considered that a recommendation of an information security is needed in National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN). This research aims to measure the implementation of information security in LAPAN using the instrument of Information Security Index (KAMI) as a reference. The methodology that is used is qualitative with data collection method using document analysis, observation and focus discussion group (FGD). The analysis showed the role and the importance of ICT in LAPAN at high category, but the level of maturity remained at the level I with a total score 104, while the expected maturity level is at level III. This study will review the implementation of information security measurement in LAPAN and provide recommendations to achieve the expected level., The application of information security in a public sector is more important nowadays in order to increase reliable and safety public service. In line with the spirit of bureaucratic reformation that has been issued by the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform. By the presence of good information security governance, thus an organization can be sure that the public service will not be affected by a complex of matters of covering the aspects of secrecy, and the availability of service at any moment. Meanwhile, LAPAN still have a constraints awareness in the aspect of the Information and Technology security and the policy that defines the mechanism of the data and risk security management related to the role and responsibility required. Therefore, the researcher considered that a recommendation of an information security is needed in National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN). This research aims to measure the implementation of information security in LAPAN using the instrument of Information Security Index (KAMI) as a reference. The methodology that is used is qualitative with data collection method using document analysis, observation and focus discussion group (FGD). The analysis showed the role and the importance of ICT in LAPAN at high category, but the level of maturity remained at the level I with a total score 104, while the expected maturity level is at level III. This study will review the implementation of information security measurement in LAPAN and provide recommendations to achieve the expected level.]"

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang keberlakuan alasan keamanan nasional sebagai pengecualian asas non-refoulement yang dikenal sebagai kerangka perlindungan terhadap warga negara asing di suatu negara. Pertanyaan dasar yang menjadi pusat penelitian skripsi ini adalah dapat tidaknya alasan keamanan nasional diberlakukan sebagai pengecualian terhadap asas non-refoulement setelah terjadinya perkembangan terhadap pengaplikasian asas itu sendiri. Dalam satu sisi, kedaulatan setiap negara dalam hubungan internasional harus dihormati. Hal ini termasuk menyangkut permasalahan tindakan-tindakan yang dilakukan negara untuk menjaga keamanan nasional mereka. Di sisi lain, pertumbuhan rezim perlindungan yang ditawarkan oleh asas non-refoulement telah berkembang sedemikian rupa sehingga menjadi metode pemenuhan dan perlindungan HAM yang dikenal di berbagai kerangka hukum HAM internasional maupun regional sebagai norma yang tidak dapat diderogasi. Hal ini mengakibatkan nonrefoulement sering diaplikasikan sebagai norma yang tidak dapat dikecualikan bahkan didiskusikan untuk meraih status norma jus cogens, norma tertinggi dalam hirarki hukum internasional. Pada kondisi tersebut, negara-negara dihadapkan kepada tantangan dalam menggunakan alasan keamanan nasional untuk mengenyampingkan kewajiban non-refoulement dalam rangka menerapkan kebijakan domestik dalam memerangi terorisme. Dengan demikian skripsi ini membahas pertemuan atau persinggungan antara dua kepentingan yaitu kepentingan untuk menjunjung dan melindungi HAM dan kepentingan keamanan nasional.

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This study explains about the application of national security exception to the principle of non-refoulement that is recognized as a protection framework for aliens in foreign countries. The fundamental question of this study is whether the national security exception can be applied considering the current development of non-refoulement application itself. On one hand, state’s sovereignty is honored in international relation. This includes state’s discretion to take measures to safeguard their national security. On the other hand, the growth of protection regime offered by non-refoulement principle has developed so as to be a method in fulfilling and protecting human rights which is recognized under numerous international and regional human rights instruments as a norm that is nonderogable. This has caused non-refoulement to be applied without exceptions even being discussed as attaining the status of jus cogens, the highest norm in the hierarchy of international law. In this condition, states are challenged to invoke national security to set aside their non-refoulement obligation in enforcing their national policy to combat terrorism. Hence, this study discusses about the clash between two interest namely the upholding and protection of human rights and national security."