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"Isolated atoms in group II-B such as zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) are chemically stable. These atoms are important in the formation of excimer. Zinc in particular has been investigated by many researchers, as Zn2 excimer holds promise because of its long lifetime and its potential as an energy-storage system. However, excimer’s benefits are based on excitation of the outermost electron. Our study confirmed the quantum dynamical condensation processes in which inner-core excitation arises due to ion-recombination between the vapor phase and the solid phase. The X-ray diffraction of the condensed structure of zinc film had included strong diffuse scattering depending on the incident energies. In this research, we produced the excited state of zinc excimer characterized by an extremely long lifetime. Intriguingly, a feature of the zinc film is that it transforms from metallic to insulative. It is thought that such a structure with this characteristic has been affected by electron spin and atomic distortion by inner-core excitation. The structure obtained in our experiment is expected to prove promising in engineering applications, such as electronics, spintronics, and batteries."

"Isolated atoms in group II-B such as zinc (Zn),cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) are chemicallystable. These atoms are important in the formation of excimer. Zinc in particular has beeninvestigated by many researchers, as Zn2excimer holds promise because of its long lifetime andits potential as an energy-storage system. However, excimer?s benefits are based on excitationof the outermost electron. Our study confirmed the quantumdynamical condensation processesin which inner-core excitation arises due to ion-recombination between the vapor phase and thesolid phase. The X-ray diffraction of the condensedstructure of zinc film had included strongdiffuse scattering depending on theincident energies. In this research, we produced the excitedstate of zinc excimer characterized by an extremely long lifetime.Intriguingly, a feature of thezinc film is that it transformsfrom metallic to insulative. It is thought thatsuch a structure withthis characteristic has been affected by electron spin and atomic distortion by inner-coreexcitation. The structure obtained in our experiment is expected to prove promising inengineering applications, such as electronics, spintronics, and batteries."

"ABSTRAKUsnea dasypoga Rohl, adalah tumbuhan yang dikumpulkan dari Taman Nasional Botani Seblat, Gunung Kerinci, Propinsi Jambi, Sumatra. Dari ekstraks aseton yang berasal dari talus Usnea dasypoga Rohl, berhasil di isolasi (+) - asam usnat dalam bentuk kristal berwarna kuning.Dari ekstraks petroleum eter berhasil juga diisolasi (+)- asam usnat dan suatu senyawa baru yang berupa kristal putih, dimana strukturnya ditetapkan berdasarkan data spektra inframerah,1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FAB-MS dan spektra NMR dua dimensi, COSY, HMBC dan HMQC. Dari data spektroskopi diketahui bahwa senyawa baru tersebut adalah ester siklis dalam bentuk lakton dengan rumus molekul C30H54O9. Senyawa baru ini untuk sementara disebut sebagai LAKTON TRIMER.Sifat anti bakteri (+)- asam usnat sudah diketahui dengan baik, sedangkan senyawa baru yang berhasil diisolasi ini diketahui tidak mempunyai aktivitas biologi terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus.

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ABSTRACT

Usnea dasypoga Rohl is herb that was collected from the Seblat-National Botanical Garden, Mount Kerinci, Sumatra. From the acetone extract of the Usnea dasypoga Rohl. has been isolated (+)- usnic acid as a yellow crystal.

From the petroleum ether extract has also been isolated (+)- usnic acid and a new compound as white crystal. Its structure was established by 'H-NMR, 13C-NMR and its related 2D-spectrum, infra red and FAB-MS. From its spectral data are known that the new compound is timer cyclic ester (C3oHuO9).

The biological activities of usnic acid is well known, but unfortunately the new isolated compound has no biological activities against E. coil and S. aureus."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan daiam usaha untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadmium dan seng dalam pakan ayam terhadap kondisi ayam pedaging. Kadmium adalah logam yang beracun dan seng adalah logam esensiil. Mereka selalu ditemukan bersamaan dalam tambang maupun dalam jaringan hewan. Seng dapat mencegah keracunan kadmium. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 125 ekor ayam pedaging yang terbagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu : I. Kelompok kontrol, II. Kelompok yang diberi 50 ppm Cd, III. 100 ppm Cd, IV. 50 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Zn, dan V. 100 ppm Cd + 50 ppm Zn dalam pakannya. Berat badan dan konsumsi pakan diukur setiap minggu selama 4 minggu perlakuan. Sampel hati dan ginjal ayam diambil setiap minggu, didigesti dengan campuran asam dan dianalisis. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kadmium pada ayam pedaging terakumulasi dalam hati dan ginjal. Konsumsi pakan dan berat badan ayam dihambat oleh kadmium, tetapi dengan penambahan seng ke dalam pakannya, toksisitas kadmium dapat dicegah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa seng baik untuk mencegah toksisitas kadmium walaupun akumulasi kadmium dalam Jaringan tidak dipengaruhi.

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The aim of this study was to reduce the effect of cadmium toxicity on zinc supplementation in the chicken feed, because cadmium is a toxic metal and zinc is an essential element. Both metal are usually present naturally in the mixing area. A huhdreed and twenty five broiler chicken were divided in to 5 group. Each group was treated by 50 ppm Cd, 100 ppm Cd, 50 ppm Cd add 50 ppm zn, 100 pmm Cd add 50 ppm Zn, in their feed and a control group respectively. Body weight and feed consumption were measured every week during 4 week treatment. Sample of liver and kidney of chicken were collected every week as same as measuring the body weight, digested with acid mixture and analysed by atomic absorption spectrofotometer. The results indicated that cadmium was acummulated in the liver and kidney were increased coincided with longer time and dosis of exposure. Feed consumption and the body weight of chicken were inhibited by cadmium toxicity, but by added zinc in their feed the toxicity of cadmium was prevented. This study was concluded that zinc was a good treatment for cadmium toxicity, althought the acummulation of cadmium in the tissue was no affected."

"Kadmium ( Cd ) adalah logam berat yang ticlak berguna bagi tubuh dan dapat menimbulkan keracunan pada makluk fi^dup. Logam ini cenderung terakumulasi dalam jaringan tubuh dan mempunyai waktu paruh yang panjang. Cd masuk kedalarn tubuh melalui saluran pemapasan dan pencemaan. Makanan yang menganclung Cd menyebabkan masuknya logam ini ke dalam tubuh manusia. Telur ayarn petelur diduga mengandung Cd yang berasal dari pakan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Cd terhadap, produktivitas dan alcumulasinya dalam telur ayarn petelur. Tiap kelompok terdiri dari 20 ekor ayam. dan masing-masing diberi pakan yang ditambah Cd 10 dan 20 mg tiap kg pakan selama 2 bulan. Sebagai kontrol adalah kelompok ayam yang diberi pakan yang tidak ditambah Cd. Produksi telur diamati setiap hari. Sampel diambil setiap minggu, dioksidasi dengan campuran asam, dan dianalisis dengan memakai spektrofotometer ,serapan atom dimana prinsipnya adalah pengulcuran radiasi yang diserap oleh atom yang ingin ditentukan kadamya. Metode ini dipilih karena sederhana, cepat, peka, teliti dan selektif.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa toksisitas Cd menurunkan produksi telur dari kelompok yang menclapat Cd 10 dan 20 mg per kg pakan mulai minggu ke-7 dari perlalcuan. Hal ini disebabkan karena Cd menghambat absorpsi kalsium yang dibutuhkan untuk pembentukan kulit telur. Pada umumnya, kadar Cd dalarn putih dan kuning telur dari kelompok yang yang mendapat pakan ditambah Cd 10 dan 20 mg tiap kg pakan, lebih tinggi daripada kontrol. Meskipun sebagian besar perbedaannya tidak nyata. Kadar Cd dalam putih telur lebih besar daripada dalam kuning telur dengan perbandingan 4: 1.

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Cadmium ( Cd ) is a heavy metal useless to the body and it can affect toxicity to biological life. This metal tends to accumulate in the tissues and has a long half-life. Cd enters the body through respiratory and digestive tract9. Cd-contaminated foods cause this metal to enter the human body. The eggs of the layer chicken are suspected to contain cadmiuni^ which comes from the poultry feed. The aim of this study was to know the effect of cadmium on the productivity and its accumulation in the eggs of layer chicken. Each group consisted of 20 chicken and were given poultry feed plus Cd 10 and 20 mg per kg of poultry feed respectively for 2 months. As the control group was the chicken fed without Cd addition. The egg production was observed everyday. Samples were taken everyweek, oxidized with an acid mixture, and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the principle of which was to measure the radiation absorption by the atom being determined. This method was chosen because of its simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, accuration, and selectivity. The results indicated that cadmium toxicity decreased the egg production of the groups fed with Cd 10 and 20 mg per kg of poultry feed respectively, which started from the 7th week of the treatment. Probably, this was caused by Cd, which inhibited calcium absorption used for egg-shell formation. In general, the concentration of Cd in egg whites and yolks of the groups treated with Cd 10 and 20 mg per kg of poultry feed respectively, were higher than that of the control group. However most of the"

"ABSTRAKLaporan magang ini membahas tentang PT XYZ sebagai perusahaan properti yang melakukan klaim atas penggantian biaya (reimbursement) terhadap unit bisnisnya yaitu Hotel W. Klaim tersebut terkait tagihan atas penyedia jasa outsourcing yang dilakukan oleh pihak ketiga sebagai penyedia jasa. Proses verifikasi tagihan dilakukan sejak tagihan diterima PT XYZ dari pihak ketiga, lalu dilakukan pembayaran kepada pihak ketiga, kemudian ditagihankan kepada Hotel W, hingga PT XYZ menerima pembayaran dari Hotel W. Proses verifikasi dokumen tagihan yang saat ini dijalankan oleh PT XYZ masih menggunakan software sederhana. Oleh karena itu diusulkan penggunaan software yang terintegrasi dalam memproses dokumen tagihan. Penggunaan software terintegrasi akan membatu proses verifikasi dapat dijalankan secara maksimal. Selain itu sistem pengawasan dan evaluasi juga akan dilakukan secara tepat.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this interenship report is to discuss about PT XYZ as a property company that claims reimbursement of its business unit, Hotel W. The claim relates to billing for providers of outsourcing services carried by third parties as service providers. The billing verification process is done from the time the bill was received by PT XYZ from third parties, then payment was made to third parties, and then claims the bill to the Hotel W, until PT XYZ received paymen from Hotel W. The verification process of billing documents currently carried out by PT XYZ is still using simple software. Therefor, it is proposed to use integrated software that will help the verification process to be carried optimally. In addition, the monitoring and evaluation system will also be carried out appropriately."

"Bencana erupsi gunung berapi di Indonesia akhir-akhir ini mengalami peningkatan, gunung Merapi yang sampai saat ini masih pada siaga level 3 selalu dalam pemantauan dikarenakan secara tiba-tiba dapat mengalami erupsi dengan arah yang tidak bisa dipastikan sehingga diharapkan masyarakat sekitarnya untuk selalu waspada dan mengikuti informasi yang diberikan, hal ini memerlukan adanya kemampuan koping yang baik agar dapat membuat keputusan yang tepat pada saat adanya bencana sesuai dengan nilai-nilai budaya sehingga tetap mampu menjaga kesehatan mentalnya. Tujuan penelitian menganalisa pengaruh model KOBERDAYA terhadap peningkatan kemampuan resiliensi keluarga di daerah rawan bencana gunung Merapi. Metode penelitiannya exploratory sequential mixed methods dalam 2 tahapan. Tahap 1 penelitian kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi, Tahap 2 penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain kuasi eksperimen pre and post test control group design dengan purposive sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrument FRAS untuk mengukur resiliensi keluarga, instrument RSES untuk mengukur self esteem dan instrument GSES untuk mengukur self efficacy. Hasil penelitian tahap 1 didapatkan 7 tema sebagai bahan pengembangan model KOBERDAYA dengan perangkatnya adalah buku modul, buku kerja dan buku evaluasi dan hasil tahap 2 terdapat perubahan kemampuan resiliensi keluarga menjadi meningkat pada kelompok intervensi dan mengalami penurunan pada kelompok kontrol, juga dapat meningkatkan self esteem dan self efficacy keluarga. Model KOBERDAYA sebagai latihan dan pembudayaan perilaku koping di keluarga juga dapat menjadi referensi untuk penyempurnaan modul KATANA dari BNPB, menjadi bahan edukasi dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat oleh Dinas Kesehatan dan BPBD. Penelitian lanjutan dapat meneliti model penanganan bencana dengan pendekatan budaya setempat.

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Volcanic eruption disasters in Indonesia have recently increased, Mount Merapi, which is currently still at alert level 3, is always under monitoring because it can suddenly erupt in an uncertain direction so it is hoped that the surrounding community will always be alert and follow it. information provided, this requires good coping skills in order to be able to make the right decisions during a disaster in accordance with cultural values ​​so that they are still able to maintain their mental health. The aim of the research is to analyze the influence of the KOBERDAYA model on increasing family resilience capabilities in disaster-prone areas of Mount Merapi. The research method is exploratory sequential mixed methods in 2 stages. Stage 1 is qualitative research with a phenomenological design, Stage 2 is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design, pre and post test control group design with purposive sampling. Data collection used the FRAS instrument to measure family resilience, the RSES instrument to measure self-esteem and the GSES instrument to measure self-efficacy. The results of stage 1 research showed that there were 7 themes as material for developing the KOBERDAYA model with the tools being module books, workbooks and evaluation books and the results of stage 2 showed changes in family resilience abilities, increasing in the intervention group and decreasing in the control group, also increasing self-esteem and family self-efficacy. The KOBERDAYA model as training and cultivating coping behavior in the family can also be a reference for improving the KATANA module from BNPB, as educational and training material for the community by the Health Service and BPBD. Further research can examine disaster management models with a local cultural approach.."

"Tujuan: (1) mengetahui perubahan komposisi cairan tubuh dalam 24 jam pasca bedah pintas koroner dengan pintas jantung paru (BPK+PJP); (2) mengetahui besarya katabolisme protein dalam 24 jam pasca PBK+PJP; (3) mengetahui hubungan antara perubahan cairan infra sal (OS) dengan katabolisme protein. Tempat: Unit Terapi Intensif Rumah Sakit Jantung Harapan Kita Metodologi: Setelah mendapat persetujuan etik dari komite etik penelitian medis NCC, Harapan Kita Hospital, diperoleh 20 pasien laki-laki dengan BPK terencana. Volume cairan tubuh diukur dengan multiple frequency bioelecirical impedance (Dietosystem, Italy) pada frekuensi 1, 50, dan 100 kHz dengan menggunakan formula Guricci. Impedans diukur, 1 kali pra bedah dan 3 kali pasca bedah setiap 8 jam. Perubahan komposisi cairan tubuh dinilai dengan uji-t untuk 2 kelompok berpasangan. Nitrogen urea urin (NUU), kreatinin urin dan imbang nitrogen digunakan sebagai indikator katabolisme protein dengan menampung urin 8 jam pada interval yang sama dengan pe ukuran MFBIA Imbang nitrogen diperoleh dengan menghitung asupan dan NUU 24 jam pasta bedah. Hubungan antara perubahan cairan infra sel (CIS) dengan indikator katabolisme dihitung dengan uji korelasi Spearman Rank Hasil: Nilai ZI00 adalah 479 5l, indeks impedans 57,3 cm2/Q, dan volume cairan tubuh total (CM') 33,1 L terdiri dari 44,0% cairan ekstra sel (CES) dan 56,0% CIS. Pra bedah pasien termasuk euvolemia. Intra bedah terjadi imbang cairan +1744 (826-4312) mL. Delapan jam pertama terjadi peningkatan bermakna dari cairan tubuh. Dalam 24 jam pasca BPK+PJP terjadi peningkatan CTT 16,0%; CES 20,7%, dan CIS 13,0%. Peningkatan cairan masih dalam nilai euvolemia. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara perubahan volume cairan tubuh yang diukur dengan MFBIA dan imbang cairan. Median asupan selama 24 jam pasca bedah adalah 926 (127-1903) kkal dan 28 (0-69) g protein. Secara statistik terjadi peningkatan bermakna dari NUU pada 8 jam ketiga pasca BPK+PIP. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kreatinin urin pra bedah dan pasca bedah. Median imbang nitrogen -8{(-12,7) - (-1,6)} g. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara peningkatan volume CIS dan NUU (r - 0,57; p = 0,01). Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menunjukkan kompartemen cairan tubuh meningkat dalam 24 jam pasca BPK+PJP. Katabolisme protein ringan terjadi dalam 24 jam pasca BPK+PTP. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara peningkatan volume CIS dengan NUU, namun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menjelaskan hubungan ini, terutama pada pasien BPK+PJP".

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The Correlation Between Intra Cellular Water And Protein Catabolism After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Using Multiple Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Objective: (1) to investigate the changes of body water compartment within 24 hours after elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with extracorporeal circulation; (2) to observe protein catabolism within 24 hours after elective CABG with extracorporeal circulation, and (3) to correlate between the changes of intra cellular water (ICW) with protein catabolism indicators. Location: Intensive Care Unit, Harapan Kita National Cardiac Center, Jakarta. Subjects and Methods: Twenty male patients with coronary artery disease were recruited for the study. Impedance was measured at 1, 50, 100 kHz using multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance (Dietosystem, Italy) four times: at baseline, at the 1°, 2 and 3 8 hours after surgery. The volume of body water compartment was calculated using Guricci's formula. Urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) and urinary creatinine were assessed using 8-hour urine collection within 24-hour period. Nitrogen balance was calculated by subtracting nitrogen intake with urinary nitrogen. The correlation between the changes of ICW and protein catabolism indicators was tested with Spearman Rank Correlation. Results: At the baseline, mean values of Ziw impedance and impedance index were 479 S~ and 57.3 cm21n, respectively. Mean total body water (TBW) was 33.1 ± 3.1 L or 48.8% of body weight, consist of 44.0% ECW and 56.0% ICW. This composition was classified as euvolemic. Median intra-operative fluid balance was 1744 (826-3412) mL. Significant increased in TBW, ECW, and ICW was observed at the 1' 8 hours. At the 3'a 8 hours after surgery, TRW, ECW, and ICW increased by 16.3%, 20.7%, and 12.8%, respectively, but the values were within desirable ranges. There was no correlation between TBW changes measured by MFBIA and calculated fluid balance. During 24 hours after surgery, median total energy intake was 926 (127-1903) kcal and protein intake was 28 (0-69) g. UUN increased significantly at the 3'd 8 hours after surgery. No significant difference in urinary creatinine was observed between before and after surgery. Nitrogen balance was -8 ((-12,7)-(-1.6)) g, and there was a negative correlation between ICW changes and NL-U (r = - 0.57; p = 0.01). Conclusions: The current study indicates that changes of body water compartment occur during 24 hours after CABG, ICW increases within 24 hours after CABG. Mild protein catabolism occurs within 24 hours after CABG. ICW changes have negative correlation with NULL However further comprehensive study is needed to explain this association, especially in CABG patients."