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"This paper discusses mobility pricing concepts from viewpoint of ecological targets and sustainable development. The current Finnish mobility pricing system is used as a starting point, and then proceeding along the lines of discussion towards its strengths and weaknesses with regard to environmental policy agenda. Since the Finnish practice has a long tradition of internalizing the external costs of ecological and environmental costs, it serves as a good spring board towards eco-pricing. If eco-pricing would be adopted, there would be necessary economic trade-offs. Hence, the question turns into political and social one: how much are we willing to pay for ecological mobility? The technological issues are considered in the end, as eco-pricing will require the employment of different technologies. However, the technological challenges are probably easier to tackle than the political, social and institutional ones. Finally, some aspects of advanced vs. developing economies are discussed."

"This paper discusses mobility pricing concepts from viewpoint of ecological targets and sustainable development. The current Finnish mobility pricing system is used as a starting point, and then proceeding along the lines of discussion towards its strengths and weaknesses with regard to environmental policy agenda. Since the Finnish practice has a long tradition of internalizing the external costs of ecological and environmental costs, it serves as a good springboard towards eco-pricing. Ifeco-pricing would be adopted, there would be necessary litical and social one: how much are wewilling to pay for ecological mobility? The technological issues are considered in the end, as eco-pricing will require the employment of different technologies. However, the technological challenges are probably easier to tackle than the political, social and institutional ones. Finally, some aspects of advanced vs. developing economies are discussed. "

"Saat ini pasar kerja didominasi oleh pekerjaan informal sedangkan kondisi pekerjaan mereka cenderung tidak layak, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk menyediakan pekerjaan layak. ILO melalui  Recommendation 204 menyampaikan tentang pentingnya formalisasi pekerjaan informal sebagai salah satu upaya menciptakan pekerjaan yang layak untuk semua. Namun memasuki pekerjaan formal dari pekerjaan informal tidak dapat terjadi dengan mudah. Mereka harus menghadapi beberapa halangan berupa regulasi yang kaku, pajak, dan pelayanan sektor publik yang tidak baik. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan kesempatan bagi pekerja informal untuk mengakses keuangan, barang modal, maupun akses infrastruktur yang menunjang. Melalui kerangka pilihan pekerjaan, penelitian ini akan menganalisis pengaruh dari pekerjaan orang tua terhadap pekerjaan anak. Dalam hal ini, yang akan dianalisis adalah pengaruh mobilitas status pekerjaan dari pekerjaan informal ke pekerjaan formal dan sebaliknya. Dengan menggunakan data dari Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), gambaran tenaga kerja Indonesia menunjukkan sebagian besar pekerja adalah orang yang tidak mengalami mobilitas pekerjaan. Hasil marginal effects dari regresi logistik multinomial menunjukkan bahwa hanya pengalaman mobilitas status pekerjaan ayah yang dapat memengaruhi mobilitas status pekerjaan anak. Ayah yang menjadi stayer dan mengalami upward mobility akan memberikan  peluang lebih besar bagi anak untuk menjadi stayer dan peluang lebih kecil untuk melakukan downward mobility. Selain itu juga ditemukan bahwa karakteristik perkawinan dan keberadaan anak dalam rumah tangga akan memengaruhi mobilitas status pekerjaan anak yang tinggal bersama ibunya dan tidak memberikan pengaruh pada mobilitas status pekerjaan anak yang tinggal bersama ayahnya. Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa tantangan struktural masih tetap terjadi untuk melakukan transisi ke pekerjaan formal. Dari generasi orang tua sampai dengan generasi anaknya, masalah akses ke pekerjaan formal masih tetap bertahan.

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This time, the labor market is dominated by informal jobs while their jobs are decent. Required feasible to provide decent work, ILO through Recommendation 204 conveys the importance of formalizing informal work as one of the efforts to develop decent work for all. But moving formal jobs from informal jobs cannot be done easily. They have to deal with several obstacles consisting of rigid regulations, taxes, and bad public service. This can lead to an imbalance of opportunities for informal workers to access finance, capital goods, and also access supporting infrastructure. Through job choice, this study will analyze the work of parents on children's work. In this case, what will be used is work mobility status from informal jobs to formal employment and vice versa. Using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), the description of Indonesian workforce shows more than half of workers were stayers. The results of the marginal effects on multinomial logistic regression only indicate the father's mobility status which can affect the child's mobility status. Fathers who is stayer and experience in upward mobility will provide greater opportunities for children being stayer and less opportunities to downward mobility. In addition, it is also found that the marital status and children existence in the household will affect the mobility status of children living together with mother and not affect the mobility status of children living together with father. This study conclude about the structural challenges that are still being made to make the transition to formal work. From the generation of parents to generations of their children, the problem of access to formal employment still persists."

"This paper examines the ecological cognition of Sama-Bajau fishermen by analyzing the naming of fish, fishing grounds, and landmarks used by those who engage mainly in open-sea fishing in the Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The field survey assumed that reef rocks and celestial bodies are landmarks used only by Sama-Bajau fishermen because their Sama-Bajau names have been shared among the fishermen until the present day along with their detailed origins. Compared to these landmarks, capes and bays are spread over relatively long distances, so minute differences are difficult to discern. Sama-Bajau fishermen have an equal interest in the names of capes, bays, and reef rocks. The study also clarifies that the background to the naming and folk taxonomy of landmarks is related to differences in the appearance of landmarks and living spaces used by Sama-Bajau and non-Sama-Bajau groups. Therefore, folk taxonomies attract greater and lesser interest or an intermediate level of interest. The study clarifies that Sama-Bajau folk taxonomies have similar features to landscape recognition from a fisherman’s perspective. This is the first attempt to comprehensively classify fish, fishing grounds, and targets based on indigenous knowledge of the sea."

"Today’s ecological crisis is getting worse, and human activities might have been the main cause of the crisis. From a theological point of view, the spiritual crisis among the modern people can be thought of as the source of the devastating human activities. Pope Francis in his encyclical Laudato Si’ believes that mistaken anthropocentrism and technocratic paradigm are the main cause, while theologian Leonardo Boff points on the modern science experimental perspective and the attitude of negligence as the triggering characteristics that govern the modern people. Facing the ecological crisis which has its roots in human spiritual crisis, Pope Francis offers a model of an integral ecology, while Boff offers an eco-spirituality concept, as basis for human relation to the cosmos. Both concepts emphasise on the unity of all components that exist in the cosmos as God’s creation."

"Cities in developing countries are facing intertwined urban mobility challenges: urban sprawl and traffic jam.Having not enough reliable and standardized public transport supply means the residents are forced to opt for traveling by private vehicles such as cars or motorcycles. There is a swell of tailpipe emission and economic losses due to traffic jam. Overcoming urban sprawl and at the same time building massive public transport is not an easy feat to accomplish, as both require immense investments and years of construction. Therefore, citiesmust have innovative plans to increase public-transport coverage and articulate density through paratransit formalization & digitalization, demand management, and land consolidation."