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"Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang berukuran kurang dari 5 mm dan menjadi salah satu polutan di badan air. Mikroplastik termasuk emerging contaminant dan keberadaannya telah ditemukan di berbagai sungai. Sungai digunakan oleh manusia sebagai sumber air baku untuk air minum sehingga kualitasnya harus terjaga untuk mencegah dampak buruknya bagi manusia. Mikroplastik yang terakumulasi pada tubuh manusia dapat menyebabkan peradangan pada organ, cedera internal dan/atau eksternal, transformasi kandungan kimia plastik ke dalam tubuh, dan penurunan kesuburan. Penelitian perlu dilakukan di salah satu sungai dengan dampak terbesar di Jakarta, yaitu Sungai Ciliwung yang digunakan sebagai sumber air baku bagi masyarakat Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jumlah partikel mikroplastik, mengidentifikasi karakteristik partikel mikroplastik berdasarkan jenis, wana, dan material, serta menganalisis pengaruh kondisi cuaca terhadap kelimpahan partikel mikroplastik. Objek penelitian ini adalah air dan sedimen di Sungai Ciliwung dengan 7 titik lokasi pengambilan sampel dan 2 waktu pengambilan sampel. Pengambilan sampel air menggunakan plankton net untuk menyaring air sebanyak 10 liter. Preparasi sampel air dilakukan dengan cara memisahkan mikroplastik berdasarkan densitas, menghilangkan kandungan organik, menyaring dengan kertas saring, lalu menganalisis mikroplastik dengan mikroskop. Pengambilan sampel sedimen menggunakan Ekman grab sampler sebanyak 400 ml. Pengujian sampel sedimen hampir sama dengan sampel air dengan adanya penambahan pengeringan sampel menggunakan oven pada awal preparasi sampel. Analisis kelimpahan mikroplastik menggunakan metode adaptasi NOAA untuk air dan sedimen sungai. Identifikasi karakteristik material mikroplastik menggunakan uji FTIR untuk menghasilkan gugus ikatan kimia material. Analisis hubungan kelimpahan mikroplastik dengan cuaca dilakukan dengan paired t-test. Penelitian menghasilkan rata-rata kelimpahan pada air sebanyak 1.111 partikel/L dan pada sedimen sebanyak 1.583 partikel/100 gram. Jenis mikroplastik di Sungai Ciliwung ada fragmen, fiber, film, microbeads, dan foam dengan jenis paling mendominasi yaitu fragmen. Warna mikroplastik yang teridentifikasi di Sungai Ciliwung ada hitam, merah, biru, hijau, kuning, dan transparan, serta warna hitam merupakan warna dominan pada sampel. Material yang ditemukan pada sampel adalah Tencel, cellopha, cupra, PTFE, FEP, PVFM, dan silicon. Tencel adalah material yang ditemukan pada semua sampel. Cuaca tidak mempengaruhi kelimpahan mikroplastik pada kondisi curah hujan tinggi dan rendah.

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Microplastic is plastic particle that is less than 5 mm in size and is one of the pollutants in water bodies. Microplastics are emerging contaminants and their presence has been found in various rivers. Rivers are used by humans as a source of raw water for drinking water so that its quality must be maintained to prevent adverse effects on humans. Microplastics that accumulate in human body can cause inflammation of organs, internal and/or external injury, transformation of plastic chemical substances in human body, and decreased fertility. Research needs to be conducted in one of the rivers with the greatest impact in Jakarta, the Ciliwung River, which is used as a source of raw water for the people in Jakarta. This study aims to analyze the number of microplastic particles, identify the characteristics of microplastic particles based on type, color, and material, and analyze the effect of weather conditions on the abundance of microplastic particles. The object of this research is water and sediment in the Ciliwung River with 7 sampling locations and 2 sampling times. Water sampling used a plankton net to filter 10 liters of water. Preparation of water samples is done by separating microplastics based on density, removing organic content, filtering with filter paper, then analyzing microplastics with a microscope. Sediment sampling uses an Ekman grab sampler in the amount of 400 ml. Sediment sample testing is almost the same as water samples with the addition of drying samples using an oven at the beginning of sample preparation. Analysis of microplastic abundance uses the NOAA adaptation method for water and river sediments. Identification of microplastic material characteristics uses the FTIR test to produce material chemical bond. Analysis of the relationship between microplastic abundance and weather is done with paired t-test. The study resulted in an average abundance in water of 1,111 particles/L and in sediment of 1,583 particles/100 grams. The types of microplastics in the Ciliwung River are fragments, fibers, films, microbeads, and foam with the most dominating type is fragments. The color of microplastics identified in the Ciliwung River is black, red, blue, green, yellow, and transparent, and black is the dominant color in the sample. The materials found in the samples are Tencel, cellopha, cupra, PTFE, FEP, PVFM, and silicon. Tencel was the material found in all samples. Weather did not affect the abundance of microplastics in high and low rainfall conditions. "

"Mikroplastik merupakan pencemar emerging contaminant yang terdegradasi dari produk plastik tekstil, petroleum, dan peralatan kosmetik dengan ukuran kurang dari 5 mm. Terdapat lebih dari 70.000 pemukiman yang berada di bantaran Sungai Ciliwung di DKI Jakarta yang menggunakan air sungai tersebut sebagai sumber air bersih. Sungai Ciliwung saat ini sudah dapat ditemukan adanya pencemaran mikroplastik yang memberikan dampak adanya paparan terhadap makhluk hidup di sungai. Adapun permasalahannya adalah adanya paparan terhadap 75% ikan kepala timah (Aplocheilus sp.) sebanyak 1,97 partikel per ikan dengan ukuran 300 sampai dengan 500 μm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis jumlah timbulan dan variabilitas mikroplastik di air dan sedimen Sungai Ciliwung, material komposisi mikroplastik, simulasi fluktuasi pencemaran mikroplastik, dan skenario minimasi mikroplastik pada air Sungai Ciliwung. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengambil sampel air mengikuti SNI dan untuk sampel mikroplastik mengikuti metode NOAA. Prinsip yang digunakan untuk simulasi fluktuasi dan skenario intervensi minimasi adalah kesetimbangan massa. Jika ditinjau dari ketujuh titik yang merepresentasikan Sungai Ciliwung bagian hilir sampai dengan hulu di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, jumlah mikroplastik berada di rentang 320-741 partiklel/L. Untuk bentuk yang mendominasi dapat dianalisis bahwa mayoritas bentuk mikroplastiknya adalah fragmen (97%), diikuti dengan fiber (2.9%) dan pellet (0.1%). Sedangkan pada sedimen, jumlah mikroplastik pada sedimen Sungai Ciliwung berada di rentang 6560-10630 partikel/kg. Pada air saluran drainase, jumlah mikroplastiknya adalah 365-822 partikel/L dengan persentase fragmen sebesari 98% dan fiber 2%. Material penyusun komposisi mikroplastik di air dan sedimen Sungai Ciliwung di antaranya adalah: tencel, PVFM, Polyacetylene, PES, PEI, PEEK, , PVAL, Polivinyl-Pyrrolidone, Polyacrylmide, dan PVB. Pemodelan pencemaran mikroplastik di air Sungai Ciliwung memiliki tingkat akurasi ± 70%. Skenario yang diusulkan untuk meminimasi pencemaran mikroplastik di air Sungai Ciliwung adalah dengan menerapkan revitalisasi Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (RPTRA) Berbasis Pengolahan Air Limbah Sederhana dengan Menerapkan Sistem Wetland dan Corn Straw and Hardwood Biochar Filter dengan persentase minimasi 49-95%.

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Microplastics are emerging contaminants that are degraded from textile, petroleum and cosmetic plastic products with a size of less than 5 mm. There are more than 70,000 settlements on the banks of the Ciliwung River in DKI Jakarta that use river water as a source of clean water. The Ciliwung River can now be found microplastic pollution which has an impact on exposure to living things in the river. The problem is exposure to 75% of tinhead fish (Aplocheilus sp.) with as many as 1.97 particles per fish with a size of 300 to 500 μm. The purpose of this study was to analyze the amount of generation and variability of microplastics in the water and sediments of the Ciliwung River, the material composition of microplastics, simulations of fluctuations in microplastic pollution, and scenarios for minimizing microplastics in Ciliwung River water. The method used to take water samples follows SNI and for microplastic samples follows the NOAA method. The principle used for the fluctuation simulation and minimization intervention scenario is mass balance. If viewed from the seven points representing the downstream to upstream Ciliwung River in DKI Jakarta Province, the amount of microplastics is in the range of 320-741 particles/L. For the dominating form, it can be analyzed that the majority of microplastic forms are fragments (97%), followed by fiber (2.9%) and pellets (0.1%). Whereas in sediments, the amount of microplastic in Ciliwung River sediments is in the range of 6560-10630 particles/kg. In drainage water, the number of microplastics is 365-822 particles/L with a fragment percentage of 98% and 2% fiber. The materials that make up the composition of microplastics in the water and sediments of the Ciliwung River include: Tencel, PVFM, Polyacetylene, PES, PEI, PEEK, , PVAL, Polivinyl-Pyrrolidone, Polyacrylmide, and PVB. Modeling microplastic pollution in Ciliwung River water has an accuracy rate of ± 70%. The proposed scenario to minimize microplastic pollution in Ciliwung River water is to implement a revitalization of Child-Friendly Integrated Public Spaces (RPTRA) Based on Simple Wastewater Treatment by Implementing a Wetland System and Corn Straw and Hardwood Biochar Filter with a minimum percentage of 49-95%."

"Sungai Ciliwung merupakan sumber air bersih untuk wilayah sekitarnya, akan tetapi, ditemukan mikroplastik yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan pada air sungai alirannya berasal dari saluran input. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan mikroplastik, karakteristik mikroplastik berdasarkan jenis, material, dan warna, serta pengaruh waktu terhadap kelimpahan partikel mikroplastik di aliran input Sungai Ciliwung. Untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan karakteristik mikroplastik, digunakan metode metode National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) dan FTIR. Sedangkan, untuk menguji pengaruh waktu terhadap kelimpahan mikroplastik, dilakukan analisis t-test dependent (paired). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik di aliran input Sungai Ciliwung bernilai antara 668—1918 partikel/liter dengan rata-rata 1273,64 partikel/liter dan jumlah yang fluktuatif di setiap titik pengambilan sampel. Bentuk yang ditemukan pada partikel mikroplastik adalah 93% fragment, serta fiber, microbeads, film, dan foam dalam jumlah kecil. Warna yang ditemukan adalah 37% transparan, 32% merah, 23% hitam, serta biru, hijau, dan kuning dalam jumlah sedikit. Dari hasil uji material, ditemukan polimer, Polyvinyl formal (PVFM), Poly vinylchloride (PVC), PVC Film (PVC-DR), dan Soft PVC (PVC2). Waktu berpengaruh pada kelimpahan mikroplastik dalam rentang musim serta hari kerja dan akhir pekan. 

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The Ciliwung River is a source of clean water for the surrounding area; however, microplastics that are harmful to the environment and health are found in the river water, which flows from the input channel. This research aims to analyze the abundance of microplastics, the characteristics of microplastics based on type, material, and color, as well as the effect of time on the abundance of microplastic particles in the Ciliwung River input stream. The National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) and FTIR methods were used to analyze the abundance and characteristics of microplastics. Meanwhile, to test the effect of time on the abundance of microplastics, a t-test-dependent (paired) analysis was performed. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the input stream of the Ciliwung River was between 668-1918 particles/liter, with an average of 1273.64 particles/liter and the amount fluctuated at each sampling point. The form found in microplastic particles is 93% fragments and small amounts of fibers, microbeads, films, and foam. The colors were 37% transparent, 32% red, 23% black, and small amounts of blue, green, and yellow. From the results of the material test, Tencel, Polyvinyl formal (PVFM), Polyvinylchloride (PVC), PVC Film (PVC-DR), and Soft PVC (PVC2) were found. Timing influences the abundance of microplastics over a range of seasons, as well as weekdays and weekends."

"Analisis Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Insang dan Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Sapu-sapu Pterygoplichtys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), Air, dan Sedimen di Ciliwung Daerah Tanjung Barat dan Daerah MT Haryono, Jakarta Selatan

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Abundance Analysis of Microplastic in Gills dan Digestive Tract of Sailfin Catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), Water, and Sediment in Tanjung Barat Area and MT Haryono Area, Ciliwung, South Jakarta"

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya polusi plastik yang menyebabkan pencemaran mikroplastik di perairan air tawar. Situ Rawa Besar, Depok merupakan salah satu situ yang tercemar oleh mikroplastik akibat aktivitas manusia di sekitarnya. Mikroplastik dapat berdampak negatif bagi organisme akuatik seperti ikan sapu-sapu Pterygoplichthys pardalis yang merupakan spesies invasif dan bioindikator pencemaran mikroplastik di situ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar serta menguji perbedaan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tahun 2022 dengan 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang, dan saluran pencernaan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun. Parameter fisika-kimia air seperti suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, dan kecerahan air diukur secara in situ. Sampel air 20 L disaring menggunakan plankton net dan sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Ekman grab dan dikeringkan dengan oven, lalu ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Sampel ikan sapu-sapu diambil sebanyak 15 ekor dengan menggunakan jaring ikan. Sampel insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan dipisahkan dengan menggunakan dissecting set dan dilarutkan dengan HNO3 kemudian ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Perhitungan partikel mikroplastik dilakukan di bawah mikroskop dan sampel diletakkan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. Mikroplastik dianalisis kelimpahannya dan diklasifikasikan menurut bentuknya (pellet, fiber, film, dan fragmen) serta dihitung persentase komposisi mikroplastik dalam sampel. Hasil penelitian pada tahun 2022 menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik berkisar antara 12,67 – 20,33 partikel L-1 pada air, 14.400,00-38.400,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 250,67-386,67 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 313,33-369,33 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Kelimpahan mikroplastik tersebut lebih rendah dari kelimpahannya pada tahun 2023, yaitu berkisar antara 14,67-32,00 partikel L-1 pada air, 16.533,33-41.600,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 333,33-446,67 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 429,33-502,67 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Bentuk mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah fiber pada air dan ikan sapu-sapu, fragmen pada sedimen. Warna mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah biru pada air dan sedimen, hitam pada insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tahun 2023 lebih tinggi dibandingkan tahun 2022, dengan peningkatan sebesar 15,24% pada insang, 24,25% pada saluran pencernaan, 27,91% pada air, dan 7,12% pada sedimen. Penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah mikroplastik di Situ Rawa Besar seiring berjalannya waktu yang didukung oleh beberapa faktor seperti peningkatan populasi, peningkatan sampah plastik, aktivitas antropogenik, dan curah hujan.

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This research was motivated by the increasing plastic pollution that causes microplastic contamination in freshwater bodies. Situ Rawa Besar, Depok is one of the lakes that is polluted by microplastics due to human activities around it. Microplastics can have negative impacts on aquatic organisms such as Amazon Sailfin Catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis which is an invasive species and a bioindicator of microplastic pollution in the lake. This research aims to analyze the abundance, shape and color of microplastics in water, sediment, gills and digestive tract of sailfin catfish in Situ Rawa Besar and to test the difference in microplastic abundance between 2022 and 2023. This research uses descriptive quantitative method to analyze the abundance, shape and color of microplastics in water, sediment, gills, and digestive tract of sailfin catfish in Situ Rawa Besar. Sampling was done at three stations. Physico-chemical parameters of water such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity were measured in situ. Water samples of 20 L were filtered using plankton net and sediment samples were taken using Ekman grab and dried with oven, then added with saturated NaCl solution. Sailfin catfish samples were taken as many as 15 individuals using fish net. Gill and digestive tract samples were separated using dissecting set and dissolved with HNO3 then added with saturated NaCl solution. Microplastic particle counting was done under microscope and samples were placed on Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. Microplastics were analyzed for their abundance and classified according to their shape (pellet, fiber, film, and fragment) and the percentage composition of microplastics in the sample was calculated. The results of the research in 2022 showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 12.67-20.33 particles L-1 in water, 14,400.00-38,400.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 250.67-386.67 particles ind-1 in gills, and 313.33-369.33 particles ind-1 in digestive tract. The abundance of microplastics was lower than its abundance in 2023, which ranged from 14.67-32.00 particles L-1 in water, 16,533.33-41,600.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 333.33-446.67 particles ind-1 in gills, and 429.33-502.67 particles ind-1 in digestive tract. The most dominant shape of microplastics was fiber in water and sailfin catfish, fragment in sediment and digestive tract of sailfin catfish. The most dominant color of microplastics was blue in water and sediment, black in gills and digestive tract of sailfin catfish. The abundance of microplastics increased from 2022 to 2023, with an increase of 15.24% in gills, 24.25% in digestive tract, 27.91% in water, and 7.12% in sediment. This research shows an increase in the number of microplastics in Situ Rawa Besar over time supported by several factors such as population growth, increased plastic waste, anthropogenic activities, and rainfall."

"Peningkatan jumlah limbah plastik yang dibuang ke Situ Rawa Besar mengancam habitat ikan cere. Limbah plastik akan terdegradasi menjadi partikel kecil yang disebut dengan mikroplastik. Mikroplastik dapat terkonsumsi oleh ikan cere karena ukurannya yang mirip dengan sumber makanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya keberadaan mikroplastik dan menganalisis berbagai macam bentuk mikroplastik pada air, sedimen dan ikan cere Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) di Situ Rawa Besar pada musim kemarau 2022 dan musim hujan 2023. Seluruh sampel diambil di 3 stasiun yaitu inlet, midlet, dan outlet. Sampel air 20 L disaring menggunakan plankton net 350 mesh, sampel sedimen diambil 250 mL menggunakan Ekman grab, ikan cere diambil secara acak menggunakan dip net sebanyak 15 individu. Sampel ikan diawetkan dengan alkohol 70% dan diekstraksi menggunakan 5mL HNO3 1 M. Sedimen dikeringkan pada oven 65C dan dihaluskan. Seluruh sampel dilarutkan dengan NaCl jenuh. Larutan dihomogenisasi sebanyak 20 mL dan 1 mL diteteskan pada Sedgewick Rafter Chamber untuk diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Hasil pengamatan pada musim kemarau 2022 menunjukkan total rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air sejumlah 46,33 ± 4,67 partikel L-1, pada sedimen sejumlah 31.777,78 ± 16.344,67 partikel kg-1, pada ikan cere sejumlah 291,11 ± 73,10 partikel ind-1 atau 93,52 ± 14,33 partikel cm-1. Sementara itu, pada musim hujan 2023 menunjukkan total rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air sejumlah 64,67 ± 8,70 partikel L-1 , pada sedimen sejumlah 34.222,22 ± 17.493,91 partikel kg-1, dan pada ikan cere sejumlah 254,00 ± 40,28 partikel ind-1 atau 89,71 ± 12,15 partikel cm-1. Hasil Uji Korelasi Spearman menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif sangat kuat antara kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air dengan sedimen, serta antara panjang ikan cere dengan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada ikan cere. Hasil analisis Uji T Dua Sampel menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada seluruh sampel.

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The increasing amount of plastic waste dumped into Situ Rawa Besar threatens the mosquitofish habitat. Plastic waste degrades into small particles called microplastics. Microplastics can be consumed by mosquitofish because their size is similar to that of their food source. This research aims to determine the presence of microplastics and analyze various forms of microplastics in water, sediment, and the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) in Situ Rawa Besar during the 2022 dry season and the 2023 wet season. All samples were taken at three stations, namely inlet, midlet, and outlet. A 20 L water sample was filtered using a 350 mesh plankton net, 250 mL sediment samples were taken using an Ekman grab, and 15 mosquitofish were randomly captured using a dip net. Fish samples were preserved with 70% alcohol and extracted using 5 mL of 1 M HNO3. The sediment was dried in an oven at 65°C and ground. All samples were dissolved with saturated NaCl. The solution was homogenized to 20 mL, and 1 mL was dropped into the Sedgewick Rafter Chamber to be observed under a light microscope. The results of observations in the 2022 dry season showed that the total average abundance of microplastics in the water was 46.33 ± 4.67 particles L-1, in sediment was 31,777.78 ± 16,344.67 particles kg-1, and in mosquitofish was 291.11 ± 73.10 particles ind-1 or 93.52 ± 14.33 particles cm-1. Meanwhile, in the 2023 wet season, the total average abundance of microplastics in the water was 64.67 ± 8.70 particles L-1, in the sediment was 34,222.22 ± 17,493.91 particles kg-1, and in mosquitofish was 254.00 ± 40.28 particles ind-1 or 89.71 ± 12.15 particles cm-1. The results of the Spearman Correlation Test showed that there was a very strong positive correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment, as well as between the length of mosquitofish and the abundance of microplastics in mosquitofish. The results of the Two Sample T Test analysis show that there are no significant differences in all samples."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan mikroplastik pada kerang hijau Perna viridis berbagai ukuran, mengetahui organ tubuh kerang hijau yang paling banyak menyimpan mikroplastik, serta mengetahui korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik pada kerang hijau, air, dan sedimen. Sampel kerang hijau, air, dan sedimen diambil dari 3 stasiun berbeda dengan jarak masing-masing sekitar 500 m. Analisis kelimpahan mikroplastik dilakukan dengan cara mengisolasi mikroplastik pada setiap sampel. Isolasi pada sampel kerang dilakukan dengan melarutkan kerang di dalam larutan HNO3 65, sementara sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan dengan cara pemisahan berdasarkan ukuran dan massa jenis dengan perendaman dalam larutan NaCl jenuh. Hasil yang didapatkan, yaitu rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada kerang hijau ukuran 3, 6, dan 9 cm, yaitu 5,35; 24,99; dan 39,00 partikel/gram. Mikroplastik kelompok fiber dominan pada sampel kerang. Rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik di air dan sedimen, yaitu 13,15 partikel/L air laut dan 0,92 partikel/g sedimen kering. Mikroplastik kelompok film dominan pada sampel air dan sedimen. Sementara, kelompok pelet tidak ditemukan pada ketiga sampel. Terdapat korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik dengan ukuran cangkang kerang, maupun dengan kelimpahan mikroplastik kelompok film dan fiber pada air dan sedimen.

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Research on abundance of microplastic in green mussel Perna viridis, water and sediments in Kamal Muara, North Jakarta has been done. The research determined the abundance of microplastic in green mussel of various sizes, the organ of the green mussels most storey microplastic, and the correlation between abundance of microplastic in green mussel, water, and sediment. Samples of green mussel, water and sediments were taken from 3 different stations with a distance of about 500 meters each. Analysis of abundance of microplastic was done by isolating microplastic in each sample. The isolation of the green mussel samples was done by dissolving the mussels in the HNO3 solution, while the water and sediment samples were performed by separation by size and density by immersion in a saturated NaCl solution.

The results obtained were, on average, abundance of microplastic in green mussel size 3, 6, and 9 cm ie, 5.35 24.99 and 39,00 particles gram. Microplastic fiber was dominant in mussel sample. The average abundance of microplastic in water and sediment are 13.15 particles L of sea water and 0.92 particles gram of dry sediment. Microplastic film was dominant in water and sediment samples. Meanwhile, pellet was not found in all three samples. There was a correlation between abundance of microplastic with green mussel size, as well as with abundance of microplastic of film and fiber in water and sediment."

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Abstrak

 

Ikan sapu-sapu merupakan salah satu ikan yang dapat dijumpai di Ciliwung dan mampu bertahan dari pencemaran pada perairan sehingga kerap dijadikan indikator biologis untuk  perairan tercemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelimpahan dan bentuk mikroplastik pada ikan sapu-sapu Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), air, dan sedimen di Ciliwung daerah Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan. Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan dengan jaring sebanyak 4 kali dan diambil 10 ekor. Pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan pada 5 titik. Insang dan saluran pencernaan di ekstraksi dan dihancurkan menggunakan HNO₃ 65%. Sampel air sebanyak 20 liter disaring dengan plankton net. Sampel sedimen diambil kemudian sampel dikeringkan di oven. Larutan NaCl jenuh ditambahkan untuk pengapungan mikroplastik pada tiap sampel insang, lambung, usus, air tersaring, dan sedimen kering. Sampel diletakkan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati bentuk dan jumlah mikroplastik di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan rata-rata mikroplastik pada Insang adalah 5.973 ± 1.087,85 partikel ind^-1, 5.250 ± 313,22 partikel ind^-1 pada lambung, 5.089 ± 253,79 partikel ind^-1 pada usus,  223,6 ± 46,12 partikel L^-1 pada air, dan 336.320 ± 38.087,68 partikel kg^-1 pada sedimen. Persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik terbesar pada insang, lambung, usus, dan sedimen adalah fragmen. Untuk sampel air, persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik terbesar adalah film.

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Abstract

 

Cattle fish is one of the fish that can be found in Ciliwung and is able tostand with pollution in the waters so it is often used as a biological indicator for polluted waters. This study aims to analyzed the abundance and shape of microplastics in the cattle fish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), water and sediments in Ciliwung, Srengseng Sawah, South Jakarta. Fish samples were taken with a net 4 times and 10 were taken. Water and sediment samples were taken at 5 points. Gills and digestive tract were extracted and crushed using 65% HNO3. A 20 liter water sample was filtered with a plankton net. The sediment sample was taken and then the sample was dried in an oven. A saturated NaCl solution was added for microplastic flotation on each sample of gills, stomach, intestines, filtered water, and dry sediment. The sample was placed in the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber and then the shape and number of microplastics were observed under a microscope. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in gills was 5,973 ± 1087.85 ind-1 particles, 5,250 ± 313.22 ind-1 particles in the stomach, 5.089 ± 253.79 ind-1 particles in the intestine, 223.6 ± 46 , 12 particles of L-1 in water, and 336,320 ± 38,087.68 particles of kg-1 in sediment. The largest percentage of microplastic form compositions in gills, stomach, intestines, and sediments are fragments. For water samples, the largest percentage composition of the microplastic form is film.

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Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik yang terdegradasi di lingkungan dengan ukuran < 5 mm. Kandungan mikroplastik di perairan tawar berpotensi membahayakan kelangsungan hidup biota di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelimpahan dan persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik pada insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus,1758) di Ciliwung daerah Srengseng Sawah, Jakarta Selatan. Insang dan saluran pencernaan (lambung dan usus) dari 10 sampel ikan nila diekstraksi dan dihancurkan menggunakan larutan asam nitrat (HNO₃) 65%. Sampel yang telah diekstraksi kemudian diberi larutan NaCl jenuh agar mikroplastik mengapung ke permukaan. Sampel diteteskan sebanyak 1 ml pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop dan dihitung jumlah mikroplastik berdasarkan bentuk partikelnya. Hasil penelitian terdapat kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel insang, lambung, dan usus ikan nila diantaranya bentuk fiber, film, fragmen, dan granula. Total kelimpahan rata-rata mikroplastik di insang sebanyak 4.135 ± 3.297,20 partikel/ind, di lambung sebanyak 2.772 ± 1.030,43 partikel/ind, dan di usus sebanyak 3.598 ± 1.582,18 partikel/ind ditemukan pada ikan nila. Persentase komposisi bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan dominan pada ikan nila terdapat bentuk fiber sebesar 57,85% di insang; 53,21% di lambung dan 53,06% di usus.

 

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Microplastics are plastic particles that degrade in the environment with a size of <5 mm. The content of microplastics in freshwater has the potential to endanger the survival of the biota in it. This study aims to analyze the abundance and percentage composition of microplastic forms in the gills and digestive tract of Nile Tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Ciliwung, Srengseng Sawah, South Jakarta. The gills and digestive tract (stomach and intestines) of 10 samples of nile tilapia fish were extracted and crushed using a 65% nitric acid (HNO3) solution. The extracted sample is then given a saturated NaCl solution so that the microplastic floats to the surface. The sample was dropped as much as 1 ml into the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber and then observed under a microscope and the number of microplastics was calculated based on the shape of the particles. The results showed an abundance of microplastics in the samples of gill, stomach, and intestines of tilapia including the form of fiber, film, fragments, and granules. The total abundance of microplastics in the gills was 4.135 ± 3.297,20 particles / ind, 2.772 ± 1.030,43 particles / ind in the stomach, and 3.598 ± 1.582,18 particles / ind in the intestine, which was found in tilapia. The percentage composition of the microplastic form that was found predominantly in tilapia contained a fiber form of 57,85% in the gills; 53,21% in the stomach and 53,06% in the intestine.

 

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"Keberadaan mikroplastik telah mencemari dan mengganggu perairan di wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada lamun Cymodocea rotundata, sedimen, dan air Pulau Rambut, Teluk Jakarta tahun 2022 dan 2023. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun Pulau Rambut (Timur, Selatan, dan Barat).  Sampel diambil sebanyak delapan individu lamun per stasiun, sedimen, dan air dengan metode random sampling.  Sampel lamun dipotong sepanjang 2 cm lalu dikerik, sedimen dikeringkan lalu diberikan larutan jenuh NaCl, dan sempel air diberikan NaCl kemudian seluruh sampel diamati dibawah mikroskop. Rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik lamun C. rotundata pada tahun 2022 sebesar 42 partikel/cm dan pada tahun 2023 sebesar 44,46 partikel/cm. Rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen tahun 2022 sebesar 73,53 partikel/g dan pada tahun 2023 sebesar  79,56 partikel/g. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air tahun 2022 sebesar 51,33 partikel/L dan pada tahun 2023 sebesar 53,78 partikel/L. Uji Korelasi Spearman menjelaskan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik sampel lamun dengan sedimen, air dengan sedimen, dan lamun dengan air memiliki korelasi positif yang kuat. Hasil Uji-T menyatakan terdapat perbedaan tidak signifikan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada lamun C. rotundata (sig. (2-tailed) 0,182>0,05) dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan kelimpahan mikroplastik sedimen tahun 2022 dan 2023 (sig. (2-tailed) 0,007<0,05). Hasil uji ATR-FTIR didapatkan kandungan polimer CA, ABS, HDPE, PMMA, PVC, dan PET pada sampel daun lamun C. rotundata.

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The existence of microplastics has polluted and disturbed the waters in Indonesian territory. This research compared the abundance of microplastics i Cymodocea rotundata seagrass, sediment, and water on Rambut Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta, in 2022 and 2023. Samples were taken as many as eight individuals of seagrass per station, sediment, and water by random sampling method.  The seagrass samples were cut 2 cm long and scraped, the sediment was dried and then given a saturated solution of NaCl, and the water sample was given NaCl. Then all samples were observed under a microscope. The average microplastic abundance of C. rotundata seagrass leaves in 2022 was 42 particles/cm and in 2023, it was 4.46 particles/cm. The average abundance of microplastics in sediments in 2022 was 73.53 particles/g and in 2023, it was 79.56 particles/g. The abundance of microplastics in water samples in 2022 was 51.33 particles/L and in 2023, it was 53.78 particles/L. The Spearman Correlation Test explains that the microplastic abundance of seagrass with sediment, water with sediment, and seagrass with water samples had a strong correlation. The results of the T-test stated that there was no significant difference in the abundance of microplastics in seagrass leaves of C. rotundata (sig. (2-tailed) 0.182>0.05) and there was a significant difference in the abundance of microplastics in sediments in 2022 and 2023 (sig. (2-tailed) 0.007<0.05). The results of the ATR-FTIR test found the polymer content of CA, ABS, HDPE, PMMA, PVC, and PET in C. rotundata seagrass samples."