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"e purpose of this paper was to investigate the performance of ceramic filters made from a mixture of natural clay, rice bran, and iron powder in removing cadmium from pulp industry effluent. Some parameters were examined such as acidity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC), and cadmium concentration. Results showed that the composition percentage of the ceramic filter, which in this case amounted to 87.5% natural clay, 10% rice bran, and 2.5% iron powder, may decrease cadmium concentration in pulp industry effluent by up to 99.0%. Furthermore, the permeate flux decreased after 30 minutes of filtration time, and subsequently became constant at one hour of contact time. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs of the ceramic filter surfaces indicate that ceramic filters have a random pore structure and can be categorized as microfiltration filters."

"The purpose of this paper was to investigate the performance of ceramic filters made from a mixture of natural clay, rice bran, and iron powder in removing cadmium from pulp industry effluent. Some parameters were examined such as acidity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC), and cadmium concentration. Results showed that the composition percentage of the ceramic filter, which in this case amounted to 87.5% natural clay, 10% rice bran, and 2.5% iron powder, may decrease cadmium concentration in pulp industry effluent by up to 99.0%. Furthermore, the permeate flux decreased after 30 minutes of filtration time, and subsequently became constant at one hour of contact time. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs of the ceramic filter surfaces indicate that ceramic filters have a random pore structure and can be categorized as microfiltration filters."

"This book is ideal for practitioners and managers with low experience in the field. It introduces the theme of extrusion in ceramics and provides checklists, questionnaires, as well as the related literature and websites covering the topic. This Brief is written in a simple language and covers topics such as honeycombs, ceramic filters, auger geometry, wear and tear."

"Perkembangan industri keramik di Indonesia khususnya di Gresik menghasilkan potensi bahaya gangguan kesehatan pekerja khususnya pernafasan akibat debu respirabel yang dihasilkan dalam proses produksi. Gangguan atau kelainan pernafasan ini dirasakan pekerja sebagai keluhan sistem pernafasan dan dapat menimbulkan penurunan produktifitas. Belum ada penelitian yang dilakukan di industri keramik di Gresik mengenai hubungan pajanan debu respirabel dan faktor risiko lain dengan keluhan sistem pernafasan pada pekerja selama ini. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pajanan debu respirabel dan faktor risiko lain dengan keluhan sistem pernafasan pada pekerja industri keramik. Metode penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan sampling population sebanyak 141 orang. Hasil penelitian ini adalah responden yang terpajan debu respirabel diatas NAB sebanyak 5, sedangkan yang terpajan dibawah NAB (3mg/m3) sebanyak 95%, didapatkan pula responden yang mengalami keluhan sistem pernafasan sebesar 40,4%. Konsentrasi debu respirabel berhubungan dengan keluhan sistem pernafasan dengan nilai p-value = 0,001 (95% CI; 0,300-0,465) dengan PR sebesar 2,680. Sedangkan faktor risiko lain jenis kelamin, usia, masa kerja, IMT, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan olahraga dan penggunaan APD tidak berhubungan dengan keluhan sistem pernafasan.

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The development of ceramic industry in Indonesia especially in Gresik produces potential health hazards to workers, especially respiratory problems, due to the respirable dust produced in the production process. This respiratory disorder is perceived by the worker as respiratory complaints and may lead to a decrease in productivity. No research has been done in the ceramic industry in Gresik regarding the relationship between respirable dust exposure and other risk factors with respiratory complaints on workers over the years. Therefore the purpose of this thesis is to know the relationship between respirable dust exposure and other risk factors with respiratory complaints on ceramic industry workers. The method of this study is cross sectional with a sampling population of 141 people.

The result of this research is the exposure of respirable dust over NAB is 5%, while those exposed below NAB (3mg/m3) is 95%, also respondents having subjective respiratory complaint is 40,4%. Respirable dust concentration was associated with subjective respiratory complaints with p value 0.001 (95% CI, 0.300-0.465) with a PR of 2,680. While other risk factors sex, age, employment, BMI, smoking habits, exercise habits and use of PPE are not associated with subjective respiratory complaints. Key words ceramic industry, respirable dust, respiratory complaints."

"Industri tekstil, industry semen, industri baja, industri pulp dan kertas merupakan empat subsektor padat energi dari sektor industry di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan suatu kajian lebih lanjut terhadap permintaan energi dari keempat industri tersebut pada tahun 2020. Kajian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai pertimbangan bagi Pemerintah dalam mengambil kebijakan. Hasil dari kajian ini adalah : permintaan energi hingga tahun 2020 yaitu untuk industri tekstil dengan tingkat pertumbuhan 10% sebesar 16.016.800 BOE, industry semen dengan tingkat pertumbuhan 3,4% sebesar 43.582.200 BOE, industry baja dengan tingkat pertumbuhan 5% sebesar 119.006.000 BOE serta industry pulp dan kertas dengan tingkat pertumbuhan 5,3% yaitu sebesar 5.944.350 BOE.

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Textile, cement, steel, pulp and paper industry are the four energy-intensive subsectors of the industrial sector in Indonesia. Therefore it needs to do a further study on energy demand of those industries in 2020. This study can be used as a consideration for government to make policies.

The result of this study are : the required of energy until 2020 are 16,016,800 BOE for textile industry at 10% of growth; 43,582,200 BOE for cement industry at 3.4% of growth; 119,006,000 BOE for steel industry at 5% of growth and 5,944,350 BOE for pulp and paper industry at 5.3% of growth."

"Air tanah merupakan salah satu sumber air minum bagi masyarakat, namun akibat sering ditemukan mengandung zat-zat pencemar (seperti besi, mangan, amonia dan Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate/LAS) menyebabkan masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi air tanah tersebut akan mengalami gangguan kesehatan. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan suatu teknologi untuk dapat menyisihkan zat-zat pencemar di dalam air tanah. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengolah air tanah adalah dengan proses oksidasi lanjut dan filtrasi membran keramik. Proses oksidasi lanjut dalam penelitian ini menggunakan gabungan ozonasi dan kavitasi hidrodinamik untuk menghasilkan radikal hidroksida yang merupakan oksidator kuat yang mampu menguraikan senyawa organik maupun anorganik bersifat racun dan sulit terurai di dalam air. Sedangkan proses filtrasinya menggunakan membran mikrofiltrasi berbahan keramik dimana bahan membran tersebut bersifat sangat stabil secara kimiawi, suhu, dan mekanis.Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa proses oksidasi lanjut dan filtrasi membran keramik cukup efektif dalam menyisihkan besi dan LAS, namun tidak cukup efektif dalam menyisihkan mangan dan amonia. Persentase penyisihan bahan pencemar besi, mangan, amonia dan LAS secara terpisah masing-masing sebesar 99,78%, 26,21%, 3,73% dan 80,52%. Sedangkan untuk penyisihan bahan pencemar yang dicampur didapatkan persentase penyisihan untuk besi sebesar 99,36 %, mangan 21,55 %, amonia 2,89 % dan LAS 80,1 %, dimana penyisihan antara bahan pencemar yang terpisah dan tercampur menunjukkan hasil yang tidak jauh berbeda.Ground water is one source of drinking water for communities, but often found contaminant substances in it (such as iron, manganese, ammonia and Linear Alkylbenzene sulfonate/LAS), causing people who consume the groundwater will getting health problems. Therefore we need a technology to be able to removal a contaminant substances in the groundwater. One of the methods to treat ground water of iron, manganese, ammonia and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate compounds is by advanced oxidation process and ceramics membrane filtration. Advanced oxidation process in this research uses a combination ozone/ cavitation hydrodynamicto produce hydroxide radicals which is a strong oxidant that can destroy the organic and inorganic compounds are toxic and difficult to break down in the water. Process filtration uses a membrane made from ceramic which is very stable chemically, temperature, and mechanical.

From this research, it was found that advanced oxidation processes and ceramic membrane filtration can be effective for remove iron and LAS, but uneffective for remove manganese and ammonia in ground water. Respectively, percentage of removal for separate contaminants : iron, manganese, ammonia and LAS are 99.78%, 26.21%, 3.73% and 80.52%. For mixed pollutants, percentage removal iron are 99.36%, 21.55% manganese, 2.89% ammonia and 80.1% LAS, where percentage removal separate and mixed contaminants are not much different."

"Kandungan NH3-N dalam air limbah yang cukup tinggi jika dibuang ke badan air dapat menyebabkan eutrofikasi yang berdampak negatif terhadap ekosistem akuatik. Membrane aerated biofilm reactor MABR merupakan teknologi pengolahan air limbah yang mampu mengurangi konsentrasi NH3-N dalam air limbah domestik. Penelitian ini melakukan pengamatan mengenai kinerja penyisihan konsentrasi NH3-N dalam air limbah domestik menggunakan MABR. Air limbah domestik mengandung konsentrasi NH3-N sebesar 73 mg/l ndash; 104.8 0.12 kg NH3-N/m3.d - 0.24 kg NH3-N/m3.d dan COD sebesar 332 - 468 mg/l 0.56 kg COD/m3.d - 1.05 kg COD/m3.d . MABR disuplai oleh oksigen dengan tekanan sebesar 20 kPa dan penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga variasi waktu detensi HRT berbeda yaitu 8, 10, dan 12 jam. Setelah 33 hari, hasil menunjukkan rasio COD/N berkisar antara 3.9 ndash; 5.7 dengan maksimum efisiensi penyisihan COD dan NH3-N terjadi ketika HRT 12 jam yang mencapai, masing-masing 88 dan 89.58 . Hal ini mengindikasi, bahwa NH3-N dapat dihilangkan menggunakan MABR pada rasio COD/N yang rendah. Selan itu, bakteri autotrof yang berperan untuk mengoksidasi NH3-N menjadi NO2- da NO3- memiliki laju pertumbuhan yang lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan bakteri heterotrof. Sehingga, HRT yang semakin lama akan memberikan keuntungan untuk proses nitrifikasi dan efisiensi penyisihan NH3-N yang tinggi telah dapat tercapai.

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High concentration of NH3 N in wastewater discharges from Sewage Treatment Plant can causes eutrophication of the surface water that have the negative impacts for aquatic ecosystems. Membrane aerated biofilm reactor MABR has been proposed as a wastewater technology to reduce NH3 N concentration in domestic wastewater. This study observed the performance of NH3 N removal in domestic wastewater using MABR. Domestic wastewater contains concentration of NH3 N from 73 mg l to 104.8 mg l 0.12 kg NH3 N m3.d to 0.24 kg NH3 N m3.d and COD from 332 mg l to 468 mg l 0.56 kg COD m3.d to 1.05 kg COD m3.d . MABR was supplied by oxygen at pressure of 20 kPa and study performed for 3 hydraulic loading rate HRT variations, which were 8, 10, and 12 hours. After 33 days of running, the result showed COD N ratio were about 3.9 to 5.72 with maximum efficiency of COD and NH3 N removal occurred when HRT 12 hours, reached 88 and 89.58 respectively. This indicated, that NH3 N could removed by MABR at low COD N ratio. Furthermore, autrotrophs bacteria that responsible for oxidized NH3 N to NO2 and NO3 have slower growth rates compared with heterotrophs bacteria. Thus, the longer HRT provided benefit for nitrification process and high NH3 N removal efficiency has been achieved."

"Small Soekardie ceramic industries is located in the center of Betek ceramic Penanggungan village of Malang city government, it is one of ceramic center in Malang City, based on Lukman research in 2005 the resulth of SPC is an indicator of process cabability index Cp, the value of Cp at that center area of the vallue of process capability index cp registration is 0.000000801848 so an improvement step of prodsuction process must be done, to increase quality of ceramic product...."

"Peningkatan konsumsi terhadap bahan baku untuk menghasilkan barang yang padat polusi dalam proses produksi dan siklus hidupnya menyebabkan permasalahan lingkungan. Sektor industri yang mampu mempercepat proses produksi, menyerap tenaga kerja secara massal, menyumbang besar terhadap perekonomian nasional dan lokal, perlu ditinjau layaknya perkembangan ini dari aspek lingkungan. Pencemaran lingkungan terjadi di area yang padat industri seperti Kota Pekalongan. Sumber daya air di Kota Pekalongan yang meliputi sungai ataupun air tanah mengindikasikan bahwa terjadi pencemaran air akibat kegiatan Industri Batik. Walaupun pencemaran terjadi, Industri Batik dikategorikan sebagai kegiatan usaha dengan risiko rendah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan studi kepustakaan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah dan dianalis secara deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, upaya penyederhanaan proses perizinan dengan mengkategorikan perizinan berdasarkan tingkat risko suatu usaha tidak mencerminkan risiko dari industri batik.

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Increased consumption of raw materials to produce goods that highly pollutes in its production process and life cycle causes environmental problems. The industrial sector, which is able to accelerate production process, absorb labor massively, and contribute greatly to the national and local economy, needs to be reviewed its development from an environmental perspective. Environmental pollution occurs in densely industry-populated areas such as Pekalongan City. The water resources in Pekalongan City which include rivers or ground water indicate that there is water pollution due to the activities of the Batik Industry. Although pollution occurs, the Batik Industry is categorized as a low-risk business activity. This research is a normative juridical research using legislation approach and literature study. The data obtained were then processed and analyzed descriptively analytically. The results of this study indicate that the effort to simplify the licensing process by categorizing permits based on the level of risk of a business does not reflect the true risks of the batik industry."